• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2016

In this study, the emission intensity calculation method of GHGs was developed by considering the characteristics of the models and time series. The telematics device was installed on the car (OBD-II) to collect information on the operation conditions from each sample vehicle of public authorities. Based on emission intensity of GHGs, it presented a methodology of quantitative comparison of GHGs emission by vehicles. Collected driving information of vehicle was used for operating characteristics analysis of the target vehicle, and it was confirmed different operating characteristics through comparison of the results and previous study. GHGs emission intensity were analyzed considering characteristics of vehicle type by passenger car, van, cargo, and considering characteristics of the time series by summer, winter, and intermediate. From the analysis result, it was calculated GHGs emission intensity based on mileage ($g\;CO_2\;eq./km$) and operating time ($g\;CO_2\;eq./sec$).

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2012년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.251-255
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• 2012

Structural intensity has been mainly utilized to identify vibration energy flow in a vessel. In this paper, the structural intensity of a shuttle tanker subjected to H-moment of the main engine was calculated using a finite element model. From the analysis, it was found that the top-bracing elements, which support the main engine onto the hull structure to prevent the excessive transverse vibration of the main engine, play the role of the dominant path and sink for vibration energy flow from the main engine. Therefore, the structural intensity was controlled by the modification of stiffness and damping characteristics of the top-bracing elements. As a result, it is observed that the transverse vibration level at the center of navigation bridge deck decreased after the control of structural intensity.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2015

It is important to improve the energy performance in the industrial sector, and therefore most of the manufacturing companies need the energy performance indicators to identify the target and to verify the energy savings. However, the conventional energy performance indicators such as the total energy consumption and the energy intensity are not proper to use. The reason is that they do not consider adequate relevant variables including productions in the boundary of the manufacturing companies. Therefore, the study provides the advanced energy performance indicator using by the linear regression model according to each energy source to manage the target and to verify the energy performance properly.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.181-192
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• 2001

The power flow analysis (PFA) has been performed to analyze the vibration of coupled plates excited by a point force in an arbitrary direction. The point force generates the out-of-plane vibration associated wish flexural waves and the in-plane vibration associated with longitudinal and shear waves. The energy governing equation for each type of waves was introduced and solved to Predict the vibrational energy density and intensity generated by the out-of-plane and in-plane components of the point force in an arbitrary direction. The wave transmission approach was used to consider the mode conversion at the joint of the coupled plates. Numerical results for vibrational energy density and intensity on the coupled plates were presented. Comparison of the results by PFA with exact results showed that PFA can be an effective tool to predict the spatial variation of the vibrational energy and intensity on the coupled plates at high frequencies.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.451-463
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• 2005

Structural members commonly employed in marine and off-shore structures are usually fabricated from plates and shells. Collision of this class of structures is usually modeled as plate and shell structures subjected to dynamic impact loading. The understanding of the dynamic response and energy transmission of the structures subjected to low velocity impact is useful for the efficient design of this type of structures. The transmissions of transient energy flow and dynamic transient response of these structures under low velocity impact are presented in the paper. The structural intensity approach is adopted to study the elastic transient dynamic characteristics of the plate structures under low velocity impact. The nine-node degenerated shell elements are adopted to model both the target and impactor in the dynamic impact response analysis. The structural intensity streamline representation is introduced to interpret energy flow paths for transient dynamic response of the structures. Numerical results, including contact force and transient energy flow vectors as well as structural intensity stream lines, demonstrate the efficiency of the present approach and attenuating impact effects on this type of structures.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.104-108
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• 2002

세기조절방사선치료(Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, IMRT)는 기존의 방사선치료에 비해 암조직에는 더 많은 선량을 조사하면서, 주위 정상조직과 중요 장기에는 더 적은 선량이 조사되게 하는 가장 이상적인 치료법 중 하나로 알려져 있다. 뇌종양에서 치료계획자의 의도대로 세기조절방사선치료계획을 시행하여 4 MV, 6 MV, 15 MV의 에너지에 따른 선량분포 특성과 DVH를 살펴보았다. 종양 표적이 있는 오른쪽 뇌간에서 최대 조사선량은 4 MV, 6 MV, 15 MV에서 4 MV에 대해 10.1％, 8.4％의 차이를, 오른쪽 눈에서는 5.2％, 2.7％의 차이를 나타내고 있지만, 왼쪽 뇌간과 눈, 그리고 시신경 교차와 뇌간은 1.7％에서 5.2％의 차이를 나타내었다. 뇌종양에서 세기조절방사선치료계획을 수행한 결과 4 MV, 6 MV, 15 MV의 에너지의 차이에 따른 선량분포특성과 DVH를 비교검토 해본 결과 PTV와 특정 장기에 조사되는 방사선량이 1.7％에서 10.1％ 까지 차이를 나타내었지만, 이것은 한 지점에 조사되는 선량이며, 전체적인 비교에서 본다면 세기방사선치료계획을 시행한 9문 조사에서 에너지의 의존성이 없는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.274-284
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• 1995

The effect of turbulence and ignition energy on flame kernel growth in mathanol-air mixtures has been studied in a constant volume vessel. Experiments were made under different turbulent intensity conditions, ignition energy and over a range of equivalence ratio. Characteristics of turbulent flow were grasped by measurments of gas pressure and visualization of flame propagation. Flow velocity was measured by use of hot wire anemometer. A comparison of the effect of turbulence on ignition probability and flame kernel volume variation ratio is also presented.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.825-848
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• 2022

이 논문은 국내 제조업부문의 에너지소비 증가 요인을 LMDI(Log mean divisia index) 분해 분석방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 1999년부터 2019년까지 20년간의 에너지소비 변화를 분석하였다. LMDI 분해 분석방법 중 에너지소비 증가량을 분석한 가법적 요인분해 분석과 에너지소비 증가율을 분석한 승법적 요인분해 분석 모두를 사용하였다. 분석결과, 국내 제조업의 에너지소비를 증가시킨 요인은 생산효과이며, 구조효과와 집약도 효과는 에너지소비를 감소시키는 요인으로 나타났다. 특히 구조효과에 의한 에너지소비 감소가 집약도 효과에 의한 에너지소비 효과보다 더 크게 나타났다. 시기별로 보면, 2011년까지는 에너지소비가 생산효과에 의해 급속히 증가한 반면 그 이후에는 생산효과에 의한 에너지소비 증가가 둔화된 것을 알 수 있다. 이에 반해 그 이후에는 구조효과와 집약도효과에 의한 에너지 감소효과가 두드러지고 있는데 이는 2011년부터 실시된 온실가스·에너지목표관리제와 2015년 이후 실시된 배출권거래제의 효과가 나타난 결과로 보인다. 향후 제조업부문의 에너지절약을 위해서는 EMS(Energy management system), FEMS(Factory energy management system) 등을 통한 에너지진단과 관리가 더욱 필요해 보인다. 아울러 에너지저소비형 산업으로의 구조조정도 더 필요해 보인다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.78-93
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• 2017

The purposes of this study were to assess energy expenditure of eight walking activities in normal weight and overweight or obese high school students and to evaluate the accuracy of two accelerometers worn on the ankle and waist. Thirty-five (male 17, female 18) healthy high school students participated in this study. They were classified into normal weight (n=21) and overweight or obese (n=14) groups. The subjects completed five treadmill walking activities (TW2.4, TW3.2, TW4.0, TW4.8, TW5.6), followed by three self-selected hallway walking activities (walk as if walking and talking with a friend: HWL, walk as if hurrying across the street at a cross-walk: HWB, walk as fast as you can but do not run: HWF). Energy expenditure and metabolic equivalents (METs) were measured using a portable indirect calorimeter, and predicted energy expenditures and METs were derived from two accelerometers placed on the ankle and waist. Measured energy expenditures per body weight (kg) of eight walking activities were significantly higher in the normal weight group than in the obese group and significantly higher in female than male. The ankle accelerometer overestimated energy expenditures and METs (bias 49.4~105.5%), whereas the waist accelerometer underestimated energy expenditures and METs (bias -30.3~-85.8). Except for HWF (fast) activity, METs of seven activities were moderate intensity based on Compendium METs intensity categories. HWF (fast) activity was vigorous intensity. METs from the ankle accelerometer were vigorous intensity except TW2.4 activity (moderate intensity). METs from the waist accelerometer were low intensity (TW2.4, TW3.2, TW4.0, TW4.8, HWL) and moderate intensity (TW5.6, HWB, HWF). Physical activity guidelines were developed based on measured physical activity level of high school students. Further studies should investigate the effects of body composition in larger subjects.

• 태양에너지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.28-34
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• 1985

There are two kinds of irradiation intensity deviation, depending on time and position, on illuminated plane when thermal performance of solar collector is tested by using solar simulator. In this study we measured only position deviation of irradiation intensity using 45-cds photosensors and data acqusition system and found the point of average value. By this result we can improve the accuracy of irradiation measurement in indoor test of solar collector.