• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2007

목 적: 자궁강 내 인공수정을 위한 과배란유도 시 혈청 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 농도가 과배란유도의 결과를 반영할 수 있는지를 확인해 보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 과배란유도 후 자궁강 내 인공수정을 시행 받은 49 명의 불임여성을 대상으로 hCG 투여 일에 혈청을 얻어 VEGF-A 및 estradiol 농도를 측정하였다. 과배란유도는 clomiphene citrate (100 mg/d on day 3$\sim$7) 와 human menopausal gonadotropin (150 IU every other day starting on day 5) 병합요법을 이용하였다. hCG 투여 일에 17mm 이상의 성숙난포 수와 자궁내막 두께를 동시에 측정하였다. 결 과: 혈청 VEGF-A 농도는 성숙난포 수, estradiol 농도 및 자궁내막 두께와는 무관하였던 반면 성숙난포 수와 estradiol 농도는 양의 비례관계를 보였다. 혈청 VEGF-A 농도는 성숙난포 수가 2 개 이하인 저 반응 군과 6 개 이상인 고 반응 군에서 통계적으로 유의하지는 않지만 낮은 수치를 보였다. 결 론: 혈청 VEGF-A 농도는 자궁강 내 인공수정 시술 시 과배란유도의 결과와 무관한 것으로 사료되지만 저 반응 군과 고 반응 군에서 낮은 농도를 보이는 것으로 보아 이들을 대상으로 한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.833-839
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• 2008

Angiogenesis in tumors is driven by multiple growth factors that activate receptor tyrosine kinases. An important driving force of angiogenesis in solid tumors is signaling through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFRs). Angiogenesis inhibitors that target this signaling pathway are now in widespread use for the treatment of cancer. However, when used alone, inhibitors of VEGF/VEGFR signaling do not destroy all blood vessels in tumors and do not slow the growth of most human cancers. VEGF/VEGFR signaling inhibitors are, therefore, used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or radiation therapy. Additional targets for inhibiting angiogenesis would be useful for more efficacious treatment of cancer. One promising target is the signaling pathway of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor (HGFR, also known as c-Met), which plays important roles in angiogenesis and tumor growth. Inhibitors of this signaling pathway have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis in multiple in vitro and in vivo models. The HGF/c-Met signaling pathway is now recognized as a promising target in cancer by inhibiting angiogenesis, tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2021

Objective: Pluripotent stem cell-derived lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) show great promise in their therapeutic application in the field of regenerative medicine related to lymphatic vessels. We tested the approach of forced differentiation of mouse embryonal stem cells into LECs using biodegradable poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanospheres in conjugation with growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factors [VEGF-A and VEGF-C]). Methods: We evaluated the practical use of heparin-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles (molecular weight ~15,000) in conjugation with VEGF-A/C, embryoid body (EB) formation, and LEC differentiation using immunofluorescence staining followed by quantification and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: We showed that formation and differentiation of EB with VEGF-A/C-conjugated PLGA nanospheres, compared to direct supplementation of VEGF-A/C to the EB differentiation media, greatly improved yield of LYVE1(+) LECs. Our analyses revealed that the enhanced potential of LEC differentiation using VEGF-A/C-conjugated PLGA nanospheres was mediated by elevation of expression of the genes that are important for lymphatic vessel formation. Conclusion: Together, we not only established an improved protocol for LEC differentiation using PLGA nanospheres but also provided a platform technology for the mechanistic study of LEC development in mammals.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2019

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pharmacopuncture and dermal application of Sebalgukhwa-san extracts on hair growth in an alopecia mouse model. Methods: Twenty-one C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups; control group-normal saline injection or vehicle solution application, positive control group-minoxidil (MNXD), experimental group-pharmacopuncture and applied Sebalgukhwa-san (SGS) extract. The effects of the treatment on hair growth, were determined through photographs, and phototrichogram analysis by folliscope. Hair follicle morphometry by hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed, and hair growth-related protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin like growth factor-1, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 were monitored by Western blotting. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were measured for liver function test. Results: Body weight increased consistently in all groups. Hair growth was improved in the MNXD and SGS groups compared with the control. Hair density and thickness improved statistically significantly in the MNXD and SGS groups compared with the control p < 0.05. The number of hair follicles improved in the MNXD and SGS groups compared with the control but the size did not. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin like growth factor-1 increased, and there was a decrease in the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the MNXD and SGS groups compared with the control, however, there was no significant difference. Sebalgukhwa-san treatment had no toxicity in liver function tests. Conclusion: Pharmacopuncture and dermal application of Sebalgukhwa-san extract may be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of alopecia.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2004

Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is known to modulate numerous cellular functions in various cell types, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, adhesion, migration, and motility, and also in processes such as wound healing, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis. FGF-2 regulates the expression of several molecules thought to mediate critical steps during angiogenesis. This study examines the mechanisms underlying FGF-2-induced cell migration, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). FGF-2 induced the nondirectional and directional migration of endothelial cells, which are inhibited by MMPs and plasmin inhibitors, and induced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) and MMP-9, but not MMP-l and MMP-2. FGF-2 also induced the secretion of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-l (TIMP-I), but not of TIMP- 2. Also, the pan-PKC inhibitor inhibited FGF-2-induced MMP-9 secretion. It is, therefore, suggested that FGF-2 induces the migration of cultured endothelial cells by means of increased MMPs and plasmin secretion. Furthermore, FGF-2 may increase MMP-9 secretion by activating the PKC pathway.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential for many angiogenic processes both in normal and pathological conditions. However, the signaling pathways involved in VEGF-induced angiogenesis are incompletely understood. The protein kinase D1 (PKD1), a newly described calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase, has been implicated in cell migration, proliferation and membrane trafficking. Increasing evidence suggests critical roles for PKD1-mediated signaling pathways in endothelial cells, particularly in the regulation of VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Recent studies show that class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) are PKD1 substrates and VEGF signal-responsive repressors of myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcriptional activation in endothelial cells. This review provides a guide to PKD1 signaling pathways and the direct downstream targets of PKD1 in VEGF signaling, and suggests important functions of PKD1 in angiogenesis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2006

Protein tyrosine kinase(PTK), protein kinase C(PKC), oxidase, as a mediator, take a significant role in signal transduction pathway of angiogenesis. The authors utilized the inhibitors, targeting the formation of three co-enzyme in signal transduction pathway in order to quantify the suppression of abnormal vascular endothelial cell proliferation induced by DMH, to compare the level suppression in each up-regulated growth factors, CTGF, CYR61, $ITG{\beta}1$, FHL2, and to identify the relationship between abnormal cell proliferation and signal transduction pathway. Five groups were established; Control group, Group of DMH, Group of DMH-mixed Herbimycin, inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase, Group of DMH-mixed Calphostin C, inhibitor of protein kinase C, Group Of Dmh-Mixed 10U Catalase, Inhibitor Of oxidase. The rise of vascular endothelial cell was compared by MTT assay, and four growth factors were analysed with RT-PCR method, at pre-administration, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after administration. In comparison of abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cell induced by DMH, suppression was noticed in Herbimycin and Calphostin C group, and Calphostin C group revealed higher suppression effect. Nevertheless, Catalase group did not have any suppression. In manifestation of four growth factors, Herbimycin and Calphostin C group presented similar manifestation with control group, except in $ITG{\beta}$. Catalse group had similar manifestation with DMH group in all four growth factors. Abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cell induced by DMH have a direct relationship with PTK and PKC, more specifically to PKC. Oxidase was confirmed not to have any relevance.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3851-3854
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• 2013

Objective: To explore changes in the serum tumor makers, hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level and their relations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and after intervention. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with NSCLC and 40 healthy individuals undergoing physical examination in our hospital provided the observation and control groups. HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF levels in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) in the observation group before and after intervention and in control group on the day of physical examination, along with serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-speci ic enolase (NSE) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) levels in the observation group with a fully automatic biochemical analyzer. Clinical effects and improvement of life quality in the observation group were also evaluated. Results: The total effective rate and improvement of life quality after treatment in observation group were 30.0% and 32.5%, respectively. Serum HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF levels in the control group were lower than that in observation group (p<0.01), but remarkably elevatedafter intervention (p<0.01). In addition, serum CEA, NSE and SCC levels were apparently lowered by treatment (p<0.01). Serum HIF-$1{\alpha}$ demonstrated a positive relation with VEGF level (p<0.01) and was inversely related with CEA, NSE and SCC levels (p<0.01). Conclusions: Significant correlations exist between marked increase of serum HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF levels and decrease of indexes related to hematological tumor markers in NSCLC patients after intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.240-245
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• 2014

Angiokeratoma is a benign cutaneous lesion of the capillaries, presenting as dilated vessels in the upper part of the dermis. Although this disorder is classified into various types and has been occasionally reported in the skin of the scrotum or extremities, the involvement of the oral cavity mucosa has been rarely reported. The present study reports a case of angiokeratoma circumscriptum in the buccal mucosa. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and both of its receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in the endothelial cells lining the dilated vessels. The expression of VEGFR-2 was higher than that of VEGFR-1 in the endothelial cells in the lesion, indicating an increased rate of endothelial cell proliferation within the lesion. Interestingly, some of the endothelial cells co-expressed VEGF and its two receptors. These results suggest that endothelial cells in the pathologically dilated vessels possess VEGF autocrine growth activity involved in vasculogenesis and maintenance in angiokeratoma lesions. To our knowledge, this is the second report published on isolated oral angiokeratoma confined to the buccal mucosa and the first case report on angiokeratoma circumscriptum involving the buccal mucosa.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1777-1786
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• 2009

사이모신 베타 4와 VEGF의 발현을 여러 인간 조직에서 tissue microarray를 사용하여 조사하였다. 사이모신 베타 4는 간, 이자, 침샘의 관상피, 심장에서 강한 발현을 보였으며 피부, 폐, 이자, 림프절, 갑상선, 요관, 폐와 부신의 혈관 내피세포 등에서 중간 수준의 발현 양상을 보였다. VEGF의 발현 양상은 대체적으로 사이모신 베타 4와 동일하였으며 이자, 요관, 유선, 간, 식도, 신장, 폐, 부신 등의 혈관 내피세포에서 강하게 발현되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 사이모신 베타 4는 간, 이자, 침샘의 관상피, 심장에서 중요한 역할을 담당하며 VEGF와 같은 발현 양상을 보여 혈관 신생작용에 관여함을 확인하였다.