• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 2020

Objectives: To observe the effects on liver and kidney of gynecology patients' during long term Korean Medicine. Methods: This research was conducted as a panel study on 29 female gynecology patients at Korean medicine clinic and compares their conditions before, 3 months after, and 6 months after Intake of Korean medicine. This analysis was conducted to frequency(%), repeated measure ANOVA and significantly statistics was p<0.05, confidence interval. Results: The most common conditions among the subjects were polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, adenomyosis, and uterine myoma. Except in a few instances, liver functions (AST, ALT, γ-GTP) were within the normal range before and after the intake of Korean medicine. Further, while there was a slight change in liver functions when three months and six months after the intake, but there was no statistical significance (p>0.05). As for the kidney functions (BUN, Creatinine, BUN/Creatinine), they were within the normal range before and after the intake of Korean medicine. Further, while there was a slight change in kidney functions three months and six months after the intake, there was no statistical significance(p>0.05) either. Conclusions: Based on these results, it can be concluded that Korean medicine does not have a negative impact on the gynecology patients' liver and kidney.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.839-843
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• 2016

Background: Prostate cancer is second most common cancer in men overall in the world, whereas it is the third most common cancer in men and the sixth most common cancer in Iran. Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of prostate cancer in Iran. Since ethnicity of Iranian men is different from Asian people and given the epidemiologic and demographic transition taking place in Iran, this study aimed to investigate trends of incidence and morphology of prostate cancer during 2003 - 2008 in the country. Materials and Methods: Data were collected retrospectively reviewing all new prostate cancer patients in the Cancer Registry Center of the Health Deputy for Iran during a 6-year period. Also carcinoma, NOS and adenocarcinoma, NOS morphology were surveyed. Trends analysis of incidence and morphology was by joinpoint regression. Results: During the six years a total of 16,071 cases of prostate cancer were recorded in Iran. Most were adenocarcinomas at 95.2 percent. Trend analysis of incidence (ASR) There was a significant increase incidence, with annual percentage change (APC) of 17.3% and for morphology change percentage trends there was a significant decrease in adenocarcinoma with an APC of -1.24%. Conclusions: Prostate cancer is a disease of older men and the incidence is increasing in Iran. The most common morphology is adenocarcinoma this appears to be decreasing over time. Due to the changing lifestyles and the aging of the population, epidemiological studies and planning assessment of the etiology of prostate cancer and its early detection are essential.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.151-173
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects of BokbangHongdeungPaejangSan water extract (BHPS). Methods : BHPS was investigated using cultured cells and a murine models. As for the parameters of inflammation, levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemical mediators which are known to be related to inflammation were determined in mouse lung fibroblast cells (mLFC) and RAW 264.7 cells. Results : In experiment of anti-thrombotic effect, BHPS inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine, and inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine. BHPS increased Platelet number and fibrinogen amount, and shortened PT and APTT in thrombus model induced by dextran. In experiment of anti-inflammatory effect, BHPS inhibited IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cell line, and inhibited significantly NO production at 50, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, and also inhibited ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. BHPS inhibited IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production significantly in serum of acute inflammation-induced Balb/c mice, and decreased IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production in spleen tissue, but increased IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production in liver tissue. BHPS increased survival rate at the 3th day in ICR mice with lethal endotoxemia induced by LPS. Conclusion : These results suggest that BHPS can be used for treating diverse female diseases caused by thrombosis and inflammation such as endometriosis, pelvic pain, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and pelvic tuberculosis and so forth.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2015

Objective: Elevated serum progesterone (P) levels on triggering day have been known to affect the pregnancy rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF). This study aimed to identify the possible factors influencing serum P levels on triggering day in stimulated IVF cycles. Methods: Three hundred and thirty consecutive fresh IVF cycles were included in the study. All cycles were first attempts and were performed in a single infertility center. The indications for IVF were male factor infertility (n=114), ovulatory infertility (n=84), endometriosis (n=61), tubal infertility (n=59), unexplained infertility (n=41), and uterine factor infertility (n=39). A luteal long protocol of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (n=184) or a GnRH antagonist protocol (n=146) was used for pituitary suppression. Ovarian sensitivity was defined as the serum estradiol level on triggering day per 500 IU of administered gonadotropins (OS[a]) or the retrieved oocyte number per 500 IU of administered gonadotropins (OS[b]). Results: Univariate analysis revealed that the serum P level on triggering day was associated with the serum estradiol level on triggering day (r=0.379, p<0.001), the number of follicles ${\geq}14mm$ (r=0.247, p<0.001), the number of retrieved oocytes (r=0.384, p<0.001), and ovarian sensitivity (OS[a]: r=0.245, p<0.001; OS[b]: r=0.170, p=0.002). The woman's age, body mass index, antral follicle count, and basal serum follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol levels were not associated with serum P level on triggering day. The serum P level on triggering day did not show significant variation depending on the type or cause of infertility, pituitary suppression protocol, or the type of gonadotropins used. Conclusion: The serum P level on triggering day was closely related to the response to ovarian stimulation.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 2015

Objectives : Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common gynecologic symptoms. Various diseases, specially irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ovarian cysts, and endometriosis, can occur CPP, but the medicines and the operations which used on these diseases have many side effects and even if patients get treatments, pain usually remain due to the pathology is not accord with the pain or the cause is not clear. There are some cases about effective of the Korean medicine therapies, but cases are still deficiency and case series has not been reported. We have a case series of CPP treated by Korean medicine treatment, so we report a case series on CPP. Methods : 6 patients, who suffered from CPP, were enrolled in this study. They received Korean medicine therapies such as herbal medicine, moxibustion, and acupuncture. Results : CPP was reduced by Korean medicine therapies. Conclusions : The present study suggests that Korean medicine therapies have a effect on CPP.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.50-60
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment methods of chronic pelvic pain, which have no definite treatment methods, and to provide basic data on clinical trials and clinical practical guideline in Korean Medicine related to chronic pelvic pain. Methods: The key words such as 'pelvic pain', 'pelycalgia' are used for the research through 'OASIS, KTKP, RISS, DBpia, KISS'. Total 6 studies were analyzed. Results: 6 studies were chronic pelvic pain case reports. Case reports 6 studies covered a total of 11 cases. Of these, 4 cases related to adenomyosis, 3 cases of endometriosis, and 2 cases of ovarian cyst. However, there were many cases in which the causative disease was not clear. In addition, the majority of the studies reported on the progress of hospitalization, and all studies used herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion. The duration of treatment ranged from 5 to 30 days for hospitalization and 5 months for outpatient treatment. The most commonly used meridian is Conception Vessel (任脈), and SP6 (三陰交) was the most frequently used acupuncture treatment. The herbal medicine Banchong-san (蟠蔥散) was generally prescribed. Conclusions: The effect on treatment of Korean Medicine for chronic pelvic pain had mostly positive results. However, the number of searched studies, which are insufficient for design or analysis of study, is very limited. We hope that this study will be useful for further clinical studies of chronic pelvic pain.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.179-182
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• 2000

This study was performed to determine whether the $LH{\beta}$-subunit gene missense mutation is present in Korean infertile patients with 46,XX POF women. The variants of $LH{\beta}$ exon 2 (Trp 8Arg; TGG to CGG and Ile15Thr; ATC to ACC) were studied in forty-four 46,XX idiopathic POF and 54 nonpregnant women. The $LH{\beta}$ exon 2 variants were more frequent in POF patients (20.5%) than nonpregnant (16.7%) women (p>0.05). POF patients with the variant was slightly higher than nonpregnant women with the variant.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 1986

We have reviewed 59 cases of patients amoung 65 cases who underwent IVF and ET with reasonable indications irom 1984 and the results as follows. 1. Major indications for IVF and ET were tubal factor (40.7%), unexplained infertility (25.4%), endometriosis (15.3%), failed AID and AIH (10.1 %), and sperm abnormality (8.5%). 2. For superovulation of human oocytes, l00mg of clomiphene citrate and 75 IU of HMG used. The monitoring of oocyte maturation was bone by ultrasound examination and serum 17-${\beta}$ estradiol, LH values. The peak $E_2$ value was 956.36${\pm}$702.13 pg/ml. 3. The oocytes were obtained by laparoscopy 24-36 hours after the injection of HCG. 4. The mean numbers of follicles at laparoscopy was 3.06 and the successful rate of laparoscopy was 79.7%. 5. And 165 follicles were aspirated from which 98 oocytes were recovered, 59.4% of all follicles had at least one oocyte aspirated. 21.4% of the eggs were mature, 52.0% were moderate, 26.5%. were immature. 6. 67.3% of oocytes were cleaved and were transferred at 4-6 cell stages. 7. Four pregnancies including one chemical pregnancy and one spontaneous abortion were established by ${\beta}$-subunit, u-hCG and ultrasound examinations.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

진단적 복강경을 하지 않으면 자궁내막증의 진단이 불가능하다는 점은 의사들이 해결해야 할 과제 중 하나이다. 아직까지는 자궁내막증을 진단할 수 있는 획기적인 표지자가 없기 때문에 CA-125 같은 종양 표지자의 혈중 농도를 측정하였으나 진단 도구로 이용하기에는 한계가 있다. 이러한 이유로 초기 자궁내막증을 진단할 수 있는 방법을 연구하기 위한 여러 시도들이 있었는데 특히 자궁내막증 1, 2기 환자에서 병의 초기 상태에 복강경적 치료를 하였을 경우 자연 임신 성공률이 2배 가까이 높은 것으로 보고되었기 때문에 불임 여성에 있어 자궁내막증의 진단 시기는 임상적으로도 그 중요성이 매우 크다고 할 수 있겠다. CA-125는 자궁내막증 환자의 추적관찰에 있어 특이도가 높은 편이며 효용성이 있는데 특히 수술적 치료 후 장기적으로 병의 활성 혹은 재발을 평가하는데 있어 유용하다. 무작위적인 임상 연구 결과 자궁내막증과 관련된 불임이나 통증은 수술적 치료시 분명한 이득이 있는 것으로 보고된 바84 자궁내막증은 적절한 진단과 치료가 중요한 질환이라는 점을 다시 한번 상기해야 한다. 또한 병의 진행에 따른 여러 면역학적인 변화들이 확인되면서 자궁내막증의 진단에 있어 면역학적 표지자의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 그 중에서도 복막액이나 혈청 내 사이토카인은 진단 도구로서 그 가능성에 주목을 받고 있으며 이에 대한 대규모 연구가 추후 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 최근의 면역학적 발견과 DNA 기술 발전은 자궁내막증의 진단에 있어 핵심적인 screening 도구의 발견에 일조할 것이며 이러한 기술적 발전을 근간으로 하여 머지 않아 획기적인 표지자가 개발될 것으로 기대한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 1995

In human IVF-ET, the development and morphology of the embryo have been known to affect implantation and pregnancy rates(PRs). Recently, pregnancy has been reported to related to the embryos with thick zona-pellucida, high levels of fragmentation, poor blastomere development and zona hardening. Although the mechanism of implantation is unclear, it is thought that the hatching process precedes implantation and that the hatching is related to implantation and PRs. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of assisted hatching(AHA) on the improvement of PRs in human IVF-ET. The results were as follows; 1. The PRs of the AHA group (40.8%) was significantly higher than that of control group(27.2%)(P<0.01). 2. According to the age of patients, the PRs of control and AHA groups were 33.9%(20/59), 44,4%(12/27) in <30 yrs, 26.1%(30/115), 38.3%(18/47) in 31-35 yrs, 22.4%(13/58), 41.4%(12/29) in >36 yrs, respectively. 3. According to the factors of infertility in AHA group, unexplained(immunologic factor) (40.0%) and male factors(41.9%) were higher than female(tubal obstruction, endometriosis, adhesion) factor (28.9%). As a result, it is suggested that AHA technique improve the PRs in poor prognosis patients. It is concluded that AHA method can be used to improve the PRs in human lVF-ET.