• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.151-167
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• 2001

This study tests the path model which examines how the variables of past and present family dynamics, school adjustment, filed life events affect the adolescents'depression which in tum influencing their suicidal ideation. In the path model, the exogenous varialbes were negative parenting experience in childhood, maladjustment history of the family (e.g., alcohol, divorce), present parent-adolesecent communication, school adjustment, filed life events were used, whereas the adolescent depression was used as the mediated variable. The endogenous variable was the adolescent suicidal ideation. The respondents of the survey were 635 adolescent who were 1st and 2nd grade of high school located in Seoul and Busan. Using SPSS for Windows, the path analysis was done for male and female adolescents separately, since female adolescents were found to report significantly higher degree of depression and suicidal ideation then were male adolescents. The results of the path analysis were as followings. First, for both the male and female adolescents, depression was the strongest predictor of their suicidal ideation. Also, school adjustment strongly affected the adolescents'depression as well as their suicidal ideation. Meanwhile, filed life events indirectly influenced the suicidal ideation only through the depression. Second, for the male adolescents, negative parenting experience in childhood affected both the depression and suicidal ideation, while the parent-adolescent communication directly affected the suicidal ideation. Third, for the female adolescents, maladjustment family history and negative parenting experience did not affect their depression, but the suicidal ideation. Meanwhile, parent-adolescent communication was a significant predictor of female adolescents'suicidal ideation as well as their depression. In conclusion, discussion on different path of male and female adolescents'suicidal ideation was provided.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2011

The paper aims at examining the behavioral characteristics of the passenger car export of Gunsan, Pyeongtaek, and Ulsan port. This is accomplished by modelling export demand as exchange rate and the Unites States industrial production. All series span the period January 2001 to December 2010. I first show that both the series and the residuals are stationary at the 5 percent significance level. The result cannot reject the null hypothesis of a unit root in each of the level variables and of a unit root for the residuals from the cointegration regression at the 5 percent significance level. I hitherto make use of forecast error decomposition and historical decompositions The forecast error decomposition indicates that car export is endogenous to industrial production and exchange rate. The historical decompositions for the export show that the entire difference between actual export and the base forecast can be attributed to industrial production shocks since exchange rate moves closer to the actual data or the base forecast. It indicates that industrial production outperforms exchange rate in explaining the passenger car exports.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.274-285
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• 2021

Objectives: The question of whether the level of fees paid to working environment measurement agencies is appropriate has long been a matter of concern to the government. In addition, measurement institutions express dissatisfaction with their level of compensation, which has a great influence on the evaluation of a subject's policy. This study is intended to find a way to appropriately calculate working environment measurement fees. Methods: We looked at the principle of fee determination as a basic theory of fee calculation used in fee calculation, the legal and academic aspects of the general method of fee calculation, and government cost calculation standards. Furthermore, we reviewed the research methods applied so far to derive a method of calculating fees appropriate for this environment. Results: The working environment measurement environment is different from other commission calculation environments. The other environment is to appropriately calculate the service price provided by a monopoly public enterprise, while the situation is to appropriately calculate the fees provided by competitive private enterprises. Therefore, the service delivery environment and the delivery entity are different. In this case, the appropriate method of calculating service fees would be competitive pricing. There have also been many problems under the method of calculation by service cost. Conclusions: First, the working environment measurement fee requires an accounting correction of endogenous variables. Second, the theory of calculating fees appropriate for this situation is appropriate for competitive pricing that applies to private competitors. Third, the government should make efforts to make the service supply market a fully competitive market while ensuring that the service fee level is determined at the marginal cost level. Fourth, economically, research on marginal cost levels is needed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.68-77
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to The exhibition's service quality was divided into three factors: event content, publicity, and empathy. First, the exhibition's service quality had positive effects on visitors' perceived value and overall satisfaction. Visitors' perceived value also showed a positive effect on their overall satisfaction. Second, each of visitors' perceived value and overall satisfaction had positive effects on their loyalty. Third, in effect decomposition, the total effect of the exhibition's service quality on visitors' perceived value was largest, followed by the service quality's total effect on their overall satisfaction and the service quality's total effect on their loyalty in order. In addition, statistically significant total effects were found between visitors' perceived value and overall satisfaction, as well as between visitors' perceived value and loyalty. As a result, mediating effects such as visitors' overall satisfaction had a positive contribution. Accordingly, statistically significant effects were confirmed in the relationships between all endogenous and exogenous variables.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.29-56
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• 2014

This study conduct for 200 farmhouses who didn't accept new technology like mulberry Protected Cultivation. Through research model combined Innovation diffusion theory(IDT) and Technology Acceptance Model(TAM), it analysed which factors affect for new technology acceptance and diffusion. To verify relations between external factors which affect new technology acceptance and diffusion by endogenous variables such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived riskiness, with external factors, mothed used to analyse it. Most of adopted variables were showed positive results except for individual innovativeness and reliability. Based on the results of these analyses, we can suggest rapid. First, technique diffusion agents should have heighten the level of expertise and technology, and build up the network to solve difficulties with technique supply with mulberry farmhouses. Secondly farmhouses of mulberry outdoor cultivation showed positive attitude protected cultivation, but negative attitude it bacause of the burden of facilities investment. Thus, it is needed to capital investment for individual farmhouse hold. Finally, through cultivation technology education, field trip about mulberry protected cultivation, we can diffuse technology receive for negative farmers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2008

Traffic accident forecasting model has been developed steadily to understand factors affecting traffic accidents and to reduce them. In Korea, the length of highways is over 3,000km, and it is within the top ten in the world. However, the number of accidents-per-one kilometer highway is higher than any other countries. The rapid increase of travel demand and transportation infrastructures since 1980's may influence on the high rates of traffic accident. Accident severity is one of the important indices as well as the rate of accident and factors such as road geometric conditions, driver characteristics and type of vehicles may be related to traffic accident severity. However, since all these factors are interacted complicatedly, the interactions are not easily identified. A structural equations model is adopted to capture the complex relationships among variables. In the model estimation, we use 2,880 accident data on highways in Korea. The SEM with several factors mentioned above as endogenous and exogenous variables shows that they have complex and strong relationships.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.458-465
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of policy in Jeju, using a macro-economic forecasting model of Jeju. First, the model's reality explanatory power improved by updating its statistics to 2017 and expanding new policy variables and modules. Also, the industrial structure of the model was further subdivided and extended to be considered simultaneously in the demand side of Keynesian theory. Second, it was determined that the predictive power for the model of this study was better than that of the existing model. However, with some endogenous variables, it was possible to identify implications that should be developed and considered when the model is improved with additional data in the future. Third, when the second airport construction was considered, it was observed that its effect was an increase of 1.25 times for GRDP, 1.2 times for employment, 1.48 times for private consumption, and 2.06 times for investment. Also, the economic growth rate was estimated to be 1.6% point higher than when the second airport was not constructed. Finally, the results of this study are expected to be used for policy decision making of the Jeju Government.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.597-632
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• 2010

There is general agreement that global warming is occurring and that the main contributor to this probably is the buildup of green house gasses, GHG, in the atmosphere. Two main contributors are the utilization of fossil fuels and the deforestation of many regions of the world. The burning of fossil fuels increases atmospheric carbon while the burning of fuel-wood reducing fossil fuel consumption along with its forest source maintain an atmospheric carbon level. The standing timber in the forests is a carbon sink, as are wood buildings and structures, and fossil fuel in the ground. This paper is designed to examine a number of current issues related to mitigating the global warming problem through forestry. For this purpose, we develop a modeling approach by integrating timber market, fossil fuel market and carbon cycling model. We use discrete time optimal control theory to identify optimal time paths, the laws of motion, and stationary stats solutions of endogenous variables in the model. On the basis of these results, we identify the optimal amounts of subsidies to be provided or taxes to be imposed by the regulatory agency to mitigate atmospheric carbon accumulation. We also present a numerical example to help illustrate the characteristics of variables in the model when the social cost for atmospheric carbon incrementally shifts upward. A surprising result is that the social cost function for atmospheric carbon has a very smaller impact on the optimal rotation period than previous literature suggested.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.161-173
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to develope and test the structural model for quality of life in women having hysterectomies. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of previous studies and a review of literature. The conceptual framework was built around eight constructs. Exogenous variables included in this model were marital intimacy, importance of uterus, professional support, positive coping behavior and pre-operative symptoms. Endogenous variables were spouse's support, sense of loss and quality of life. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model was collected using a self-report questionnare from 203 women having hysterectomies at the outpatient clinics of four general hospitals and a mail survey in Pusan City. The Data was collected from December, 1997 to January, 1998. Reliability of the eight instruments was tested with Cronbach's alpha which ranged from 0.639-0.915. For the data analysis, SPSS 7.5 WIN Program and LISREL 8.12 WIN Program were used for descriptive statistics and covariance structural analysis. The results of covariance structure analysis were as follows : 1. Hypothetical model showed a good fit with the empirical data. ［$\chi$$^2$＝6.93(df＝5, P＝.23), GFI＝.99, AGFI＝.94, RMSR＝.019, NNFI＝.97, NFI＝.98, CN＝440, standardized residuals(-2.14-2.10)］ 2. For the parsimony of model, a modified model was constructed by deleting 3 paths and adding 1 path according to the criteria of statistical significance and meaning. 3. The modified model also showed a good fit with the data. ［$\chi$$^2$＝5.26(df＝7, P＝.63), GFI＝.99, AGFI＝.97, RMSR＝.014, NNFI＝1.02, NFI＝.99, CN＝710, standardized residuals(-1.46-1.70)］ Results of the testing of the hypothesis were as follows : 1. Marital intimacy(${\gamma}$11＝.78, t＝14.37) and professional support(${\gamma}$13＝.12, t＝2.12) had a significant direct effect on the spouse's support. 2. Pre-operative symptoms(${\gamma}$25＝.32, t＝3.12), importance of uterus(${\gamma}$22＝.20, t＝2.61) and spouse's support($\beta$2l＝-.19, t＝-2.43) had a significant direct effect on the sense of loss. 3. Sense of loss($\beta$32＝-.66, t＝-9.83) had a direct effect on the quality of life. Marital intimacy had a direct(${\gamma}$31＝.19, t＝3.33), indirect(${\gamma}$31＝.14, t＝2.52) and total effect(${\gamma}$31＝.25, t＝4.41) on the quality of life. Professional support had a direct effect(${\gamma}$33＝.11, t＝2.07) and total effect(${\gamma}$33＝.13, t＝2.31) on the quality of life. The direct effect of pre-operative symptoms(${\gamma}$35＝-.36, t＝4.02) and positive coping behavior(${\gamma}$34＝.15, t＝2.06) had the insignificant effect on the quality of life while, due to the idirect effect these variables had overall significant effect on the quality of life. The results of this study showed that the sense of loss had the most significant direct effect on the quality of life. Marital intimacy, pre -operative symptoms and spouse's support had a significant direct effect on this sense of loss. These four variables, the sense of loss, marital intimacy, pre-operative symptoms and spouse's support, were identified as relatively important variables. The results of this study suggested that there is needed to determine if nursing intervention would alleviate this sense of loss and promote a greater quality of life in women who have had hysterectomies.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.122-140
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• 2001

The aims of this study were to understand and to predict the determinent factors affecting the exercise behaviors and physical fitness by testing the Pender's revised health promotion model, and to help the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis perform the continous exercise program, and to help them maximize the physical effect such as muscle strength, endurance, and functional status and mental effects including self efficacy and quality of life, and improve the physical and mental well being, and to provide a basis for the nursing intervention strategies. Of the selected variables in this study, the endogenous variables included the physical fitness, exercise score, exercise participation, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action to exercise, activity-related affect(depression) and perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences(family support), situational factors(duration of arthritis, fatigue) and the exogenous variables included personal sociocultural factor(education level), personal biologic factor(body mass index), personal psychologic factor(perceived health status) and prior related behavior factors(previous participation in exercise, life-style). We analyzed the clinical records of 208 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative arthritis who visited the outpatient clinics at H university hospital in Seoul. Data were composed of self reported qustionnaire and good of fitness score which were obtained by padalling the ergometer of bicycle for 9 minutes. SPSS Win 8.0 and Window LISREL 8.12a were used for statistical analysis. Of 75 hypothetical paths that influence on physical fitness, exercise participation, exercise score, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action to exercise, activity-related affect(depression) and perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences(family support), situational factors(duration of arthritis, fatigue), 40 were supported. The physical fitness was directly influenced by life-style, perceived health status, education level, family support, fatigue, which explained 12% of physical fitness. The exercise participation were directly influenced by life-style, education level, past exercise behavior, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action, depression and duration of arthritis, which explained 47% of exercise participation. Exercise score were directly affected by perceived self efficacy. BMI, life-style, past exercise behavior, perceived benefits of action, family support, perceived health status. perceived barriers of action, and fatigue, which explained 70%. Perceived benefits of action was directly influenced by BMI, life-style, which explained 39%. Perceived barriers of action were directly influeced by past exercise behavior, perceived health status, which explained 7%. Perceived self efficacy were directly influeced by level of education, perceived health status, life-style, which explained 57%. Depression were directly influeced by past exercise behavior, BMI, life-style, which explained 27%. Family support were directly influeced by life-style, perceived health status, which explained 29%. Fatigue were directly influeced by BMI, life-style, perceived health status. which explained 41%. Duration of arthritis were directly influeced by life-style, past exercise behavior, BMI, which explained 6%. In conclusion, important variables for physical fitness were life-style, and variable affecting exercise participation were life-style. Perceived self-efficacy of exercise was a significant predictor of exercise score. BMI, Life-style, perceived benefits of action, family support, past exercise behavior showed direct effects on perceived self-efficacy. Therefore, disease related factor should be minimized for physical performance and well being in nursing intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and plans to promote and continue exercise should be seeked to reduce disability. In addition, Exercise program should be planned and performed by the exact evaluation of exercise according to the ability of the patients and the contents to improve the importance of exercise and self efficacy in self control program, dedicated educational program should be involved. This study suggest that the methods to reduce the disease related factors, the importance of daily life-style, recognition of benefit of exercise, and educational program to promote self efficacy should be considered in the exercise behavior promotion and nursing intervention for continous performance. The significance of this study is also thought to provide patients with chronic arthritis the specific data for maximal physical and mental well being through exercise, chronic therapeutic procedure, daily adaptation and confrontation in nursing intervention.