• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.279-285
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• 2005

Endocrine disrupting effects of four pharmaceutical products were evaluated with fish. The test pharmaceuticals, i.e., sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, oxytetracycline and tetracycline have been often detected in aquatic environment, but their ecological hazard on receptors of various trophic levels has seldom been evaluated. In the present study, we conducted acute toxicity assays with a fish, Japanese medake (Oryziα lαtipes). The vitellogenin induced in female fish normally, but a endocrine disrupting chemical could give effects even male fish. We have tried 4 pharmaceutic chemicals to find out the endocrine disrupting effects. Sulfamethoxazole 1, 0.5 ppm induced vitellogenin even at male Japanese medaka. Sulfamethazine 10, 5, 1 ppm could induced vitellogenin at male fish. Oxytetracycline 10, 5, 1ppm could induced vitellogenin With the fish. Tetracycline 10, 5 ppm could induced vitellogenin at male fish. Some pharmaceuticals such as sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, oxytetracycline and tetracycline could give effects to male Oryzias latipes. They could induced vitellogenin under exposure range 0.5 ${\sim}$ 10 ppm of chemicals at male Oryzias latipes.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.128-128
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• 2002

In association with the international validation project to establish a test protocol for the "Enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407", we performed a 28-day repeated-dose toxicity study of vinclozolin (VCZ), an androgen antagonist, and ketoconazole (KCZ), a biosynthesis inhibitor of testosterone (T), and assessed the sensitivity of new parameters for detecting endocrine-related effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals.(omitted)

• 한국식품위생안전성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품위생안전성학회 2001년도 The Asia-Pacific Conference on Reproductive Biology and Environmental Sciences
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• pp.120-122
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• 2001

This study was carried out to monitor suspected endocrine disrupting pesticides and industrial organic chemicals among circulated agricultural products in the north area of Seoul in 2001. Procymidone, vinclozolin, endosulfan, chlorothalonil, chloropyrifos and pendimetaline (pesticides) and butylated hydroxytoluene(industrial organic chemicals) were certified by GC-MS. Detected 6 pesticides were remained mostly in the green vegetables, spices and wild plants with $3\%$ detected. Butylated hydroxytoluene(industrial organic chemicals) used for green house cover stuffs was contained mostly in the green vegetables, spices and wild plants not in the fruits and cereals with $43\%$ detected. In the same agricultural products containing butylated hydroxy toluene showed same detection tendency with remaining endocrine disrupting pesticides.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2022

현대사회에서 내분비계 교란물질(Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals)은 다양한 질환을 유발하는 원인 물질로 잘 알려져 있다. 내분비계 교란물질은 플라스틱병 및 용기, 세제, 금속 식품 캔 라이너, 난연제, 식품, 장난감, 화장품 및 살충제를 비롯한 많은 상업용 제품에서 발견된다. 내분비계 교란물질은 호르몬의 작용을 모방하여 인체 내 뇌하수체, 갑상샘, 부신, 난소 등을 포함한 내분비계를 교란해 생식 기능의 저하, 저티록신 혈증 및 암까지 유발할 수 있는 물질로 사료되고 있다. 최근, 신경과학 분야에서 내분비계 교란물질과 신경 질환과의 연관성에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 내분비계 교란물질은 신경세포의 증식, 발달, 분화에 부정적인 영향을 미쳐 자폐증, 주의력 결핍 장애를 포함한 신경 발달장애질환과 파킨슨병, 알츠하이머병과 같은 퇴행성 뇌질환을 유발한다는 연구결과가 발표되었다. 하지만 전 세계적으로 내분비계 교란물질은 인간 생활에 편리함을 제공한다는 이유로 계속 사용되고 있다. 이에 각국의 정부에서는 내분비계 교란물질의 노출을 최소화하기 위한 적절한 규제 및 정책 수립이 필요하며, 내분비계 교란물질이 인체에 미치는 정확한 기전 이해가 절실히 필요한 실정이다. 특히, 내분비계 교란물질이 신경계에 미치는 영향에 대한 정확한 기전 연구가 필요하며 전 세계적으로 이들 연구가 활발히 이루어져야 한다고 사료된다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제20권4호통권51호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2005

장기간 노출 시 발암 등 인체 유해성을 갖는 환경유래 내분비장애물질(endocrine disrupting chemicals, EDCs)에 대한 선택적이고 민감한 노출지표를 개발하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 DNA microarray를 이용하였다. 피험자는 아직 특별한 질환을 갖지 않는 18세 이상 연령, 성을 맞춘 EDCs고농도 노출군(N = 16)과 저농도군(N = 16)으로 구성되었다. 노출정도 구분은 10년 이상 거주지가 K산업폐기물 소각장과 2.5 km 반경 내, 외 인지에 따라 고노출군,저노출군으로 구분하였다. 피험자의 말초혈에서 total RNA를 분리, 각 군당 B인씩 pool로 cDNA를 합성하여 oligonucleotide DNA 칩에 적용하였다. 유전자발현의 차이를 GenePixPro 4.0 software를 이용하여 분석하였다. 총 3장의 칩을 이용하여 공통적으로 저노출군보다 고노출군에서 2배 이상 발현의 증가를 보인 유전자는 plasminogen activator(PLAT)등 12종이 관찰되었고, l/2이하로 발현의 감소를 보인 유전자는 kallikrein 3 (KLK3)등 29종이었다. 이 들 유전자는 PLAT등 면역계 반응에 관여하는 유전자 및 apoptosis, transport, G protein, chromatin, 암화, 발생 (development), 대사 등에 관여하는 유전자들이었다. 그러므로 KLK3등 본 연구에서 발굴한 유전자는 향후 확대된 인구에서 본 연구 결과의 확인을 통하여 EDCs특이적 노출지표로써, 나아가 암 등 EDCs관련 질병의 기전 및 병인학을 구명하는데 이용가치가 높다고 사료된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2007

I improved an analytical method for determining trace amounts of eleven phenolic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (11 phenolic EOCs) in human urine. The 11 phenolic EOCs were subjected to hydrolysis and then to solid phase extraction with a XAD-4 column. Alkylphenols, chlorophenols, and bisphenol A in XAD-4 column were eluted with acetonitrile, and the eluate was concentrated under a nitrogen stream, and then tert-butyldimethylsilylation. Separation and determination were done by gas chromatography, using mass spectrometry operating in the selective ion monitoring mode for quantitation. For tert-butyldimethylsily (TBDMS) derivatization the recoveries were $91.2{\sim}125.9%$, the limits of quantitation (LOQ) for the 11 phenolic EOCs in the nanogram-per-milliliter range ($0.025{\sim}1.000\;ng/mL$) were thus achieved by using 1 mL of urine, and the SIM responses were linear with the correlation coefficient varying by $0.9300{\sim}0.9943$. Based on the results for urine samples from unexposed individuals, 4-tert-octylphenol and pentachlorophenol were detected in hydrolysed urine sample. Other alkylphenols, chlorophenols and bisphenol A were not detected.

• Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.182-195
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• 2018

Increasing prevalence of childhood obesity poses threats to the global health burden. Because this rising prevalence cannot be fully explained by traditional risk factors such as unhealthy diet and physical inactivity, early-life exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is recognized as emerging novel risk factors for childhood obesity. EDCs can disrupt the hormone-mediated metabolic pathways, affect children's growth and mediate the development of childhood obesity. Many organic pollutants are recently classified to be EDCs. In this review, we summarized the epidemiological and laboratory evidence related to EDCs and childhood obesity, and discussed the possible mechanisms underpinning childhood obesity and early-life exposure to non-persistent organic pollutants (phthalates, bisphenol A, triclosan) and persistent organic pollutants (dichlorodip henyltrichloroethane, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). Understanding the relationship between EDCs and childhood obesity helps to raise public awareness and formulate public health policy to protect the youth from exposure to the harmful effects of EDCs.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2001년도 춘계심포지움 및 학술발표회
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• pp.126-126
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• 2001

Over the last few years, an increased awareness of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their potential to affect wildlife and humans has produced a demand for practical screening methods to identify endocrine activity in a wild range of environmental and industrial chemicals. It is clear that in vivo methods will be required to identify adverse effects produced by these chemicals. (omitted)

• 약학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.416-423
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• 2000

There is a growing concern that a wide variety of chemicals released into the environment can disrupt the endocrine system of fish, wildlife and humans. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) include pesticides such as DDT lindane and atrazine, the food packaging chemicals, phthalates and bisphenol A, alkylphenol ethoxylate detergents and the chemical industry by-products, dioxins. Xenoestrogens in the environment have been argued about health risk, because of estrogen mimetic chemicals are exposed only small amounts to human. A number of in vivo and in vitro assays are now in use to assess the activity of xenoestrogens in the environment. A human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was used to develop in vitro screening assay for the detection of xenoestrogenic environmental pollutants. The E-SCREEN (MCF7-BUS) assay is proposed as a reliable, easy and rapid-to-perform method. To optimize and validate this method before it can be used routinely, several phenol compounds and pesticides suspected to be estrogenic were tested using I-SCREEN assay. The results showed that this method is a valuable tool for screening potential estrogen-mimicking environmental pollutants and quantitative determination of estrogeniciy.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.313-317
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• 2001

The Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan has set up six research groups concerning the endocrine disrupting chemicals. One of these projects was "A study on development of testing methodology for health effects due to exposure of environmental endocrine disruptors". In this paper, three topics are described. In OECD collaboration for pre-validation of uterotrophic assay, the most sensitive response to ethnyl estradiol was noted in the ovarectomized rats treated subcutaneously for 7 days. Secondly, it was suggested that changes of the serum $\alpha_{2u}$-globulin level may be a sensitive parameter for detecting the estrogenic activities of chemicals. Finally, development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of preoptic area in the brain oj male rats was inhibited by the treatment with estrogenic chemicals, and their masculine behaviors and reproductive abilities were impaired after sexual maturation. In conclusion, these parameters are considered to be sensitive endpoints for testing estrogenic chemicals.chemicals.