• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.53-78
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• 1999

Despite of the vibrant nature of the fitness industry, there has not been a sustained effort to understand the dynamics of the industry, particularly with reference to the quality of services offered in that industry. The purpose of this paper is to present a system based process model of quality in health/fitness services. The characteristics of the organization, the service employees and the client are the inputs into the service encounter where the service is produced (i.e., the throughput). The output is the quality of the service. The extent of quality perceived by both the service provider and the client is said to influence the satisfaction of the respective parties, and subsequent motivation to participate in the production of quality in the service. The model also suggests that physical environment as well as other customers and their behaviors influence customer perception of service quality. The quality of service is enhanced through the quality assurance practices of the organization and the feedback from client. Further, the input, throughput, and output in our model reflect (a) quality of the design of the service delivery system, (b) objective quality of the product, and (c) quality as perceived by client. The specific attributes of the design element (i.e., organization, service employee, and the client) are elaborated upon. It is suggested that the organization can assure quality by seeking feedback from clients and service employees, monitoring the service production phases, and managing inter-customer interactions.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-42
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• 2009

In a knowledge-based society, a firm's intellectual capital represents the wealth of ideas and ability to innovate, which are indispensable elements for the future growth. Therefore, the intellectual capital is evidently recognized as the most valuable asset in the organization. Considered as intangible asset, intellectual capital is the basis based on which firms can foster their sustainable competitive advantage. One of the essential components of the intellectual capital is a social capital, indicating the firm's individual members' ability to build a firm's social networks. As such, social capital is a powerful concept necessary for understanding the emergence, growth, and functioning of network linkages. The more social capital a firm is equipped with, the more successfully it can establish new social networks. By providing a shared context for social interactions, social capital facilitates the creation of new linkages in the organizational setting. This concept of "person-environment fit" has long been prevalent in the management literature. The fit is grounded in the interaction theory of behavior. The interaction perspective has a fairly long theoretical tradition, beginning with proposition that behavior is a function of the person and environment. This view asserts that neither personal characteristics nor the situation alone adequately explains the variance in behavioral and attitudinal variables. Instead, the interaction of personal and situational variables accounts for the greatest variance. Accordingly, the person-environment fit is defined as the degree of congruence or match between personal and situational variables in producing significant selected outcomes. In addition, information systems acceptance factors enable organizations to build large electronic communities with huge knowledge resources. For example, the Intranet helps to build knowledge-based communities, which in turn increases employee communication and collaboration. It is vital since through active communication and collaborative efforts can employees build common basis for shared understandings that evolve into stronger relationships embedded with trust. To this aim, the electronic communication network allows the formation of social network to be more viable to rapid mobilization and assimilation of knowledge assets in the organizations. The purpose of this study is to investigate: (1) the impact of person-environment fit(person-job fit, person-person fit, person-group fit, person-organization fit) on social capital(network ties, trust, norm, shared language); (2) the impact of information systems acceptance factors(availability, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use) on social capital; (3) the impact of social capital on personal performance(work performance, work satisfaction); and (4) the mediating role of social capital between person-environment fit and personal performance. In general, social capital is defined as the aggregated actual or collective potential resources which lead to the possession of a durable network. The concept of social capital was originally developed by sociologists for their analysis in social context. Recently, it has become an increasingly popular jargon used in the management literature in describing organizational phenomena outside the realm of transaction costs. Since both environmental factors and information systems acceptance factors affect the network of employee's relationships, this study proposes that these two factors have significant influence on the social capital of employees. The person-environment fit basically refers to the alignment between characteristics of people and their environments, thereby resulting in positive outcomes for both individuals and organizations. In addition, the information systems acceptance factors have rather direct influences on the social network of employees. Based on such theoretical framework, namely person-environment fit and social capital theory, we develop our research model and hypotheses. The results of data analysis, based on 458 employee cases are as follow: Firstly, both person-environment fit(person-job fit, person-person fit, person-group fit, person-organization fit) and information systems acceptance factors(availability perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use) significantly influence social capital(network ties, norm, shared language). In addition, person-environment fit is a stronger factor influencing social capital than information systems acceptance factors. Secondly, social capital is a significant factor in both work satisfaction and work performance. Finally, social capital partly plays a mediating role between person-environment fit and personal performance. Our findings suggest that it is vital for firms to understand the importance of environmental factors affecting social capital of employees and accordingly identify the importance of information systems acceptance factors in building formal and informal relationships of employees. Firms also need to reflect their recognition of the importance of social capital's mediating role in boosting personal performance. Some limitations arisen in the course of the research and suggestions for future research directions are also discussed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1832-1843
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• 2015

최근 금융환경의 변화로 증권회사간의 경쟁이 더욱 거세짐에 따라, 경영성과 증진을 위한 다양한 전략이 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 증권회사의 서비스 품질을 기업속성, 직원속성, 금융상품속성으로 구분하고 이에 따른 신뢰도 및 고객만족도가 지속적 사용의도에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 연구대상은 각 증권회사의 실제 이용고객이며, 전체 표본 400부 중에서 378부를 최종 유효 표본으로 선정하였다. 분석은 SPSS 20.0을 활용하였고, 그 결과 첫째, 기업속성의 윤리성, 혁신성, 규모, 직원속성의 친절성, 전문성, 윤리성, 상품속성의 수익성과 다양성이 지속적 사용의도에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 신뢰도와 고객 만족도의 지속적 사용의도에 대한 조절효과가 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 증권회사 고객의 선택행동을 이해하고 경영환경에서의 다양한 전략을 도출하는데 유용한 기초자료로 근거한다는 점에서 산업적 학문적 의의를 둘 수 있을 것이다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2015

Purpose - Since the early 1990s, it has been observed that the number and substance of studies on female leadership have been increasing. One of the reasons for this development may be concerned with the increasing number of female labor market participants as well as the greater opportunities for them to take higher positions in various organizations. In addition to this, the transition from mechanistic organizational structures that emphasize authority, control, and efficiency toward organic ones that focus on environmental adaptability, equality, and trust has also encouraged research on female leadership. The research tendency is based on the assumption that male and female leaders tend to exhibit different leadership styles according to their gender differences. Recent research has cast doubt on this assumption, by showing that the sociological gender roles of men and women are independent such that some female leaders show authoritative and control-oriented leadership, which were once considered to be male leadership styles. Research design, data, and methodology - This research attempts to carry out an empirical study on the gender-related leadership styles of female leaders and to examine their effect on group performance in the K business organization. This study also focuses on leader attributes such as trust, and it aims to discover whether these attributes should be regarded as independent or as moderating variables between leadership styles and performance. For these purposes, this study generated four hypotheses based on a review of the literature and it tested them using a survey. Female workers in the sales departments of the K Company, all of whom are women, were asked to provide answers to the presented questionnaires. This study hypothesizes that the type of gender roles played by women leaders will affect the job satisfaction and organizational commitment among the members of the sales group, and that the level of trust that is garnered by women leaders will also affect the types of gender roles that they play as well as employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Results - The results of this study show that both androgynous and masculine leadership styles are superior to the feminine leadership style in terms of employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. However, contrary to our expectations, this study fails to show the superiority of the androgynous leadership style over the masculine leadership style. Moreover, there are no significant differences between these two leadership styles with regard to group performance. Conclusions - This study shows that it is important that different attributes of leaders, such as how trusted they are, be treated as moderating variables between leadership and performance rather than as independent variables. Finally, as this is the first attempt to view the role of the gender in a new perspective, the managerial implications of this study for leadership research, as well as its limitations, are presented. Suggestions for future related research are also proposed.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

Purpose - This study aimed to (a) investigate the effects of emotional intelligence on customer orientation, (b) examine the impact of customer orientation on customer relationship management (CRM) performance (including CRM-related variables such as 'relationship commitment,' 'image of corporation,' and 'customer loyalty'), and (c) identify the conceptual framework of emotional intelligence. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected using a questionnaire given to a sample of employees of luxury hotels in the metropolitan area. To test the hypotheses, AMOS were conducted for the 271 respondents of the sample using the SPSS Win 17.0 software. The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has been on the radar of many leaders and managers over the past few decades. Emotional intelligence is generally accepted to be a combination of emotional and interpersonal competencies that influence behavior, thoughts, and interactions with others. Emotional intelligence consists of four factors: understanding the self's emotion, understanding other people's emotions, emotion utilization, and emotion control. Understanding the self's emotion means to understand of my own emotions. Understanding other people's emotions is to understand of the emotions of the people around me and to know how my friends feel based on their behavior. The concept of emotion utilization means to set goals for myself and then try to achieve them, encouraging myself to do my best. The concept of emotion control means I can control my temper, handle difficult situations rationally, and calm down quickly when I am very angry. Results - As a result of the analysis, three factors (understanding the self's emotion, understanding of other people's emotions, and emotion utilization) were shown to have a significant effect on customer orientation. Emotion control had an insignificant effect on customer orientation. Only emotion control makes it difficult to solve customers' problems because it is a passive behavior. In order to solve the customers' problems, hotel employees have to show a positive attitude. Second, customer orientation had a significant effect on customer relationship management performance (customer relationship commitment, corporate image, and customer loyalty). In other words, customer orientation increases commitment to customer relationships. For example, employees who have a customer-orientated perspective provide good service to their customers, while employees who don't have a customer-orientated perspective can't satisfy their customers. Customer orientation can also generate a good image among customers, because they evaluate the image of a hotel through the behavior of hotel employees. So it is very important for employees to show excellent customer orientation. Conclusions - It is very important for hotel CEOs to manage their employees' emotional intelligence. In order to increase their employees' emotional intelligence abilities, CEOs have to manage the overall corporate culture and reward programs to achieve what they want. This is because the system can lead to a customer-orientated mind-set and CRM performance among employees. As a result, the hotel CEO has to pay attention to the emotional intelligence of employees to achieve strong CRM performance. The sentence as originally written was a bit unclear. If this edit does not retain your intended meaning please consider: "Only emotion control does not have a significant impact on customer orientation, and therefore on the ability of an employee to solve customer problems, because it is a passive behavior." Please use the version of the sentence that best captures your original meaning.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to investigate the current status of contracted hospital food services and to find out the difference in accordance with the number of beds in hospitals. Thirty six hospitals having more than 100beds in Seoul, Inchon and Kyungkido were the subjects of this study. Data was collected through surveys. The survey was conducted during March and April in 2002. The Questionnaires were mailed to the 36 directors of dietetic departments of the hospitals and 36 managers of contracting patient food services. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS Win(11.0) for descriptive analysis and t-test. The results of the study are summerized as follows; Ⅰ. Hospital perspective : The range covered by contract food service was 63.3% and 36.7% in hospital food services, and medical nutrition services. The patient and employee food services were in 83.3%, and patient food services were in 6.7%. The methods selecting contractors are general, limited, selected and competitive biddings, and private contracts. The responsibility for supervision of contract food services was the dietetic department (51.7%) in most cases. Hospitals having personnel responsible for contracting affairs were in 75.9% of the cases and 24.1% did not have personnel. The biggest reason for contracting was facilitation of personnel management. The most important criteria on selecting food services contractors was the professionality of the contractor. Ⅱ. Contractor's perspective : The cost per meal in the year 2001 was composed of 1,905 won for food cost, 1,081 won for labor cost, 222 won for expenses, 114 won for VAT, 14 won for rent and 146 won for miscellaneous or controllable expense, representing 109 won loss per meal. The profit-and-loss contract cost is higher than the fee-contract cost. The ratios of food cost, labor cost and expenses are higher and the ratios of miscellaneous or controllable expense, VAT, rent and profit are lower in hospitals with more than 400 beds compared with those less than 400 beds. However, no significant differences are present between these two groups of hospitals. The actual contract period was 2.2 years upon initial contract and 1.2 years upon renewal. The initial investment cost was 53 million won and the cost of renovation and repair was 8.5 million won. Significant differences were present between two groups of hospitals. The conditions of employment and number of personnel hired by contractors for contract patient food services were significantly different according to the number of beds.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.187-221
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• 2016

본 연구는 공급자 측면과 수요자 측면의 관점에서 보훈의료서비스 전달체계의 효과성과 만족도의 영향요인에 대하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 첫째, 공급자 측면의 인식에 초점을 두고 보훈의료서비스 전달체계의 구성요인에 해당하는 조직요인(통합성, 접근성), 인적요인(전문성, 책임성), 재정요인(충분성, 적절성)과 효과성과의 상호연계성을 살펴보았다. 둘째, 수요자 측면의 인식에 초점을 두고 보훈의료서비스를 이용하는 수요자의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴보고자 하였다. 효과성의 영향요인은 시설단일수준의 다중회귀분석을 실시하였고, 수요자의 만족도의 영향요인은 다층분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석을 위한 설문은 서울 부산 등 5개 보훈병원과 보훈병원을 이용하는 국가유공자를 대상으로 획득하였다. 분석결과 보훈의료서비스의 공급자 측면에서 효과성의 영향요인으로는 조직요인에서는 통합성(${\beta}=.156$), 인적요인에서는 책임성(${\beta}=.376$), 재정요인에서는 충분성(${\beta}=.109$)과 적절성(${\beta}=.367$)이 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에, 보훈의료서비스를 이용하는 수요자의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 전문성(${\beta}=0.99$)과 효과성(${\beta}=-1.09$)이 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 본 연구의 주요 관심사항의 하나인 효과성(${\beta}=-1.09$)이 부(-)의 방향에서 만족도에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 점은 주목할 만한 결과이다. 본 연구는 기존 연구에서는 좀처럼 시도하지 않았던 접근방법을 통해 국가보훈의료서비스의 공급자 측면의 효과성과 수요자 측면의 만족도의 영향요인을 살펴봄으로써 향후 국가보훈의료서비스의 질적인 향상에 실천적으로 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

본 연구는 현대기업의 경쟁력과 관련된 중요한 요인 중 하나인 기업평판에 관한 연구이다. 기업평판에 관한 연구들은 주로 외부고객관점에서 이루어져 왔는데, 최근들어 내부고객관점에서 평판의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 비교적 외부이해관계자 관점에서 주로 고려된 기업평판을 내부이해관계자인 종업원 관점에서 고찰함으로써 기업의 성과를 예측하는 중요한 변수로서 기업평판의 관리가 필요하다는 점을 주장하고 있다. 이론적 논의와 실증분석을 통해 기업평판이 회사몰입과 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였고, 기업평판의 보다 다양한 시사점을 위해 기업차원의 사회적 자본이라고 할 수 있는 경영자신뢰의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 포항지역의 금속산업 종업원 239명을 대상으로 연구가설을 검증하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 기업평판이 높을수록 회사몰입은 높고 이직 의도는 낮게 나타났다. 둘째, 경영자신뢰는 기업평판이 회사몰입에 미치는 영향을 강화하는 작용을 하였지만 이직의도에 미치는 영향에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 실증연구결과를 토대로 연구의 시사점 제시하고 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.853-864
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• 2009

호텔종사원을 대상으로 한 감정노동의 개념은 이론적 실증적으로 매우 중요하나 아직까지 연구가 미미하다. 따라서 본 연구는 호텔종사원의 감정노동이 직무스트레스, 소진에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 가설을 설정하였다. 가설검증을 위해 서울지역 특급호텔 종사원을 대상으로 회수된 설문지 330부를 실증분석에 이용하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 호텔종사원의 감정표현 주의정도, 감정표현 빈도, 감정부조화는 직무스트레스에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 감정표현의 빈도, 감정부조화는 소진에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 직무스트레스는 소진에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 호텔산업에 있어서 유용한 시사점을 제공해 줄 것이다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.101-116
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• 2012

Knowledge management system is crucial for increasing organizational performance. However, despite this importance of knowledge management system, many companies fail to facilitate individual employees' knowledge sharing. One of reasons for this failure is the lack of consideration of how individual employees' characteristics and their interpersonal relationship influence on individual-level knowledge sharing. To explain individual-level knowledge sharing, this study investigates the mechanism that employees engage in knowledge sharing activities with their coworkers from the social exchange perspective. We have two purposes of study. First, we examine whether coworker's task-related help seeking affects employee's knowledge sharing with them. Second, we investigate the influence of help-seeker' characteristics as moderators on the relationship between task-related help seeking and knowledge sharing. Specifically, we considered coworker's maladjustment, LMX, and ability as moderators. Our analysis of 192 employees shows that the main effect of coworker's task-related help seeking on knowledge sharing is not significant. However, coworker's maladjustment and LMX moderate the relationship between task-related help seeking and knowledge sharing. The positive relationship between task-related help seeking and knowledge sharing is stronger when help seeker's maladjustment is high than when it is low. And the positive relationship between task-related help seeking and knowledge sharing is weaker when help seeker's LMX is high than when LMX is low. The results of this study have theoretical implications that enrich our understanding of individual-level knowledge sharing, and managerial implications that suggest employees' appropriate attitudes to facilitate knowledge sharing in a coworker relationship.