• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.379-385
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to determine the immediate effects of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) in subjects with upper trapezius (UT) trigger point (TrP). Methods: Fifteen subjects with UT TrP were recruited for the study's PMF group (pain threshold=$2.29kg/cm^2$), and 15 age-, weight-, and gender-matched subjects with UT TrP were recruited for control group (pain threshold=$2.25kg/cm^2$). Pressure algometer was used to measure pressure pain threshold on UT TrP and, cervical range of motion (ROM) inclinometer was used to measure cervical ROM. Surface electromyography was used to record UT, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior muscle activity and relative ratio during scapular plane abduction between pre- and post-treatment. Results: The PMF effectively improved pain threshold and concurrently increased ROM (rotation to the painful side, lateral flexion to the nonpainful side). In addition, the PMF may effectively deactivate UT activity during abduction and the muscle activity ratio between UT and serratus anterior. Conclusion: These findings provided empirical evidence that PMF can be an effective treatment method to reduce pain threshold, to increase cervical ROM, and deactivate UT activity in individuals with TrP.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2014

In this study Cyclomatic Complexity of Web Software has been analyzed quantitatively by correlation between complexity and Number of Classes(NOC), and Number of Methods(NOM) which are object oriented programming measures. Based on the frequency distribution of complexity, NOC and NOM of software at the Web environment, correlation between complexity threshold and NOC threshold, and NOM threshold has been measured and more than 4,000 ASP files of 10 Web real projects have been used as the sample. The empirical result shows that NOC threshold is 21, NOM threshold is 40 and complexity threshold is 68 as high value, and 8 projects among of 10 except 2 projects with especially high frequency distribution shows that NOC threshold is 12, NOM threshold is 21 and complexity threshold is 52 with relatively low value, so correlation has been found out as exists. And also 8 projects with low threshold of complexity, NOC and NOM were internal management software, and the other 2 projects were external sales service software, Number of Classes and Number of Methods can be defined at the design stage according to business properties, and also the complexity can be estimated in order to improve the software quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.23-29
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• 2016

Rotary machine is major equipment in industry. The rotary machine is applied for a machine tool, ship, vehicle, power plant, and so on. But a spindle fault increase product's expense and decrease quality of a workpiece in machine tool. A turbine in power plant is directly connected to human safety. National crisis could be happened by stopping of rotary machine in nuclear plant. Therefore, it is very important to know rotary machine condition in industry field. This study mentioned fault diagnosis algorithm with statistical parameter and empirical mode decomposition. Vibration locations can be found by analyze kurtosis of data from triaxial axis. Support vector of data determine threshold using hyperplane with fault location. Empirical mode decomposition is used to find fault caused by intrinsic mode. This paper suggested algorithm to find direction and causes from generated fault.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.104-109
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• 2008

A simple and efficient way of modeling backgating in GaAs MESFET's is presented through depletion width modulation of Schottky junction and channel-substrate interface. It is shown semi-empirically that such a modulation of depletion widths causes serious troubles in designing precision circuits since backgating drastically reduces threshold voltage of MESFET as well as drain current. Finally, some of the results are compared with reported experimental results. This model may serve as a starting point for rigorous characterization of backgating effect on various device parameters of GaAs MESFET's.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.5-8
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• 2001

This paper describes the development of SiC MOSFET model for high temperature applications. The temperature dependence of the threshold voltage and mobility of SiC MOSFET is quite different from that of silicon MOSFET. We developed the empirical temperature model of threshold voltage and mobility of SiC MOSFET and implemented into HSPICE. Using this model the MOSFET Id-Vds characteristics as a function of temperature are simillated. Also the SiC CMOS operational amplifieris designed using this model and the temperature dependence of the frequency response, transfer characteristics and slew rate as a function of temperature are analyzed.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.211-224
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• 2006

This study investigates the application of data mining techniques such as artificial neural networks, rough sets, and induction teaming to the intrusion detection systems. To maximize the effectiveness of data mining for intrusion detection systems, we introduced the asymmetric costs with false positive errors and false negative errors. And we present a method for intrusion detection systems to utilize the asymmetric costs of errors in data mining. The results of our empirical experiment show our intrusion detection model provides high accuracy in intrusion detection. In addition the approach using the asymmetric costs of errors in rough sets and neural networks is effective according to the change of threshold value. We found the threshold has most important role of intrusion detection model for decreasing the costs, which result from false negative errors.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.31-39
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• 2021

This study empirically examines the proposition that the domestic fundamentals of a nation can emerge as absorptive capacity factors to reap the benefits of inward FDI. The study is contextualized in Asia, set from1982 to 2017, and data is grouped into low-income and lower-middle-income economies, in comparison to high-income and upper-middle-income economies, catering to different geographical regions within Asia. The investigation is based on a series of absorptive capacity factors such as infrastructure, human capital, domestic credit, and health indicator. The methodological analysis is premised on dynamic panel structure and employs the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique. The empirical findings suggest that that the infrastructure variable appears to be the major absorptive capacity factor for both groups of countries. The health indicator, on the other hand, can help reap the benefits of inward FDI, but only if the threshold level is met. The selected economies must achieve this threshold level to reap the benefits of FDI. To absorb the benefits of inward FDI, countries must be proactive in providing sound infrastructure and implementing proper healthcare measures.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.71.1-71.1
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• 2014

To investigate physical properties of Solar pores, we use SDO/HMI data from 2010 to 2013. For this, we select single and isolated pores from the active region (Axx, Bxo, Bxi and Bxc-type) listed in Solar Region Summary. Pore is defined by connected pixels satisfying the intensity threshold from pixel of minimum intensity. We try to obtain area, intensity, magnetic field, and Doppler velocity of pores from HMI data. After removing the effects of orbital motion of the SDO satellite and differential rotation of the Sun, we identify that significant daily variations of Doppler velocity with non-zero ordinates still remain in the umbral region, and the artifact is quite dependent on the strength of magnetic field and radial component of velocity of SDO satellite. In this study we develope empirical model to remove the artifact. A preliminary result on the elimination of the artifact will be presented.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.529-536
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• 2005

This paper presents a novel design of a fuzzy control strategy (FCS) based on torque distribution for parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). An empirical load-regulating vehicle operation strategy is developed on the basis of analysis of the components efficiency map data and the overall energy conversion efficiency. The aim of the strategy is to optimize the fuel economy and balance the battery state-of-charge (SOC), while satisfying the vehicle performance and drivability requirements. In order to accomplish this strategy, a fuzzy inference engine with a rule-base extracted from the empirical strategy is designed, which works as the kernel of a fuzzy torque distribution controller to determine the optimal distribution of the driver torque request between the engine and the motor. Simulation results reveal that compared with the conventional strategy which uses precise threshold parameters the proposed FCS improves fuel economy as well as maintains better battery SOC within its operation range.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.523-537
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• 2011

A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve plots the true positive rate of a classier against its false positive rate, both of which are accuracy measures of the classier. The ROC curve has several interesting geometrical properties, including concavity which is a necessary condition for a classier to be optimal. In this paper, we study the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator (NPMLE) of a concave ROC curve and its modification to reduce bias. We characterize the NPMLE as a solution to a geometric programming, a special type of a mathematical optimization problem. We find that the NPMLE is close to the convex hull of the empirical ROC curve and, thus, has smaller variance but positive bias at a given false positive rate. To reduce the bias, we propose a modification of the NPMLE which minimizes the $L_1$ distance from the empirical ROC curve. We numerically compare the finite sample performance of three estimators, the empirical ROC curve, the NMPLE, and the modified NPMLE. Finally, we apply the estimators to estimating the optimal ROC curve of the variance-threshold classier to segment a low depth of field image and to finding a diagnostic tool with multiple tests for detection of hemophilia A carrier.