• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.13-22
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• 2017

Emotion has a direct influence such as decision-making, perception, etc. and plays an important role in human life. For the convenient and accurate recognition of high-arousal negative emotion, the purpose of this paper is to design an algorithm for analysis using the bio-signal. In this study, after two emotional induction using the 'normal' / 'fear' emotion types of videos, we measured the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) signal which is the simple of bio-signals. Then, by decomposing Tonic component and Phasic component in the measured GSR and decomposing Skin Conductance Very Slow Response (SCVSR) and Skin Conductance Slow Response (SCSR) in the Phasic component associated with emotional stimulation, extracting the major features of the components for an accurate analysis, we used a discrete wavelet transform with excellent time-frequency localization characteristics, not the method used previously. The extracted features are maximum value of Phasic component, amplitude of Phasic component, zero crossing rate of SCVSR and zero crossing rate of SCSR for distinguishing high-arousal negative emotion. As results, the case of high-arousal negative emotion exhibited higher value than the case of low-arousal normal emotion in all 4 of the features, and the more significant difference between the two emotion was found statistically than the previous analysis method. Accordingly, the results of this study indicate that the GSR may be a useful indicator for a high-arousal negative emotion measurement and contribute to the development of the emotional real-time rating system using the GSR.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to draw emotional evaluation model related to LED lighting colors and suggest basic informations that enable planned directions of architectural pacade lighting to simulate beforehand in a laboratory. As experimental methods, extracted PAD emotional evaluation model and then directed a experimental model of 10 LED lighting colors, studied and analyzed survey questions. The results are as follows; First, in the case of P(Pleasure-Unpleasure), Red, Yellow, Green, Cyan, Magenta, White and Combination of $G{\leftrightarrow}B$ Colors are satisfying, vibrant and positive distribution chart has shown. Second, in the case of A(Arousal-Unarousal), Red, Yellow, Green, Cyan, Blue, White and Combinations of $R{\leftrightarrow}G$, $G{\leftrightarrow}B$, $R{\leftrightarrow}B$ Colors, it makes a little difference, they have shown useful distribution chart to induce sight in a aroused state. Third, in the case of D(Dominance-Submissiveness), Red, Cyan, Green and Combinations of $G{\leftrightarrow}B$ Colors are free, controlling and extent of effect was excellent. On the contrary, in the case of Yellow and Magenta and Combinations of $R{\leftrightarrow}B$, they are gentle and arouse the protective instinct or feminine distribution chart has shown. Fourth, it showed difference of preference that difference of select ratios of both men and women in Orange, Blue, Greenish-Yellow (preference of man) and Magenta, Combinations of $R{\leftrightarrow}B$ Colors(preference of woman).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.13-32
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• 2020

This study investigates the multi-dimensional structure of fashion store window creativity and examines its effects on consumer responses. Through an expert evaluation survey, this study proposes that fashion store window creativity involves originality, relevance, and artistry. Two experiments are conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. Consumers' emotional responses to the level of window creativity are collected using psychophysiological and self-report methods. Fashion store window creativity has positive effects on psychophysiological affective responses. When the three dimensions of creativity are specified as explanatory factors of emotional responses, relevance and artistry show positive effects on arousal and pleasure, whereas originality has a negative effect on pleasure. Its effect on attitudes is mediated by arousal and pleasure; in addition, the effect on entering intentions is mediated by arousal. Attitudes toward window display also have a positive effect on entering intentions. This study extends existing research on creativity in marketing into the context of visual merchandising in fashion store windows. Findings provide meaningful implications in that the effects of fashion store window creativity on emotions affect consumer attitudes and behavioral intention. By adopting multiple approaches in the empirical phase of this study, the findings are built on strong reliability and validity.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2017

We propose a novel method for modeling emotional dimensions using expansion of Russell's (1980) emotional dimensions (Circumplex Model). The Circumplex Model represents emotional words in two axes (Arousal, Valence). However, other researchers have insisted that location of word in Russell's model which is expressed by single point could not represent exact position. Consequently, it is difficult to apply this model in engineering fields (such as Science of Emotion & Sensibility, Human-Computer-Interaction, Ergonomics, etc.). Therefore, we propose a new modeling method which expresses emotional word not as a single point but as a region. We conducted survey to obtain actual data and derived equations using ellipse formula to represent emotional region. Furthermore, we applied ANEW and IAPS which are commonly used in many studies to our emotional model using pattern recognition algorithm. Using our method, we could solve problems with Russell's model and our model is easily applicable to the field of engineering.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.51-70
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the semantic relation network and valence-arousal dimension through the words that describe emotions in Korean language. The results of this analysis are summarized as follows. Firstly, each emotion word was semantically linked in the network. This particular feature hinders differentiating various types of "emotion words" in accordance with similarity in meaning. Instead, central emotion words playing a central role in a network was identified. Secondly, many words are classified as two categories at the valence and arousal level: (1) negative of valence and high of arousal, (2) negative of valence and middle of arousal. This aspects of Korean emotional words would be useful to analyze emotions in various text data of books and document information.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.220-223
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• 1997

The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) developed by Lang and colleagues[1] is widely used in studies relating a variety of physiological indices to subjective emotions. In this study we investigated whether the IAPS can be used for Koreans without significant cultural biases in their subjective emotional reactions. Thirty IAPS picture slides were presented to a group of 52 college students and different 30 slides with similar 3 dimensional emotion ratings to another group of 42 students. Fof each slieds with exposal time of 8sec, subjects were asked to rate on the Semantic Differential Scale (SDS) and Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) in the 3 dimensions of pleasure valence, arousal, and domensions of pleasure valence, arousal, and dominance. Fnctor analysis was done for SDS ratings, and correlations of SDS and SAM were calculated. Eighteen bipolar adjective were grouped into 3 dimensions of pleasure, arousal, dominance showing good agreement with previous study. SAM were calculated. Eighteen bipolar adjectives were grouped into 3 dimensions of pleasure, arousal, dominance showing good agreement with the previous study. SAM ratings were highly corrlated with two of the 6 SDS adjective pairs associated with the pleasure and dominance dimensions, but not with those associated with arousal dimension suggerting some cultural differences.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2010

This research is to evaluate the arousal level by using cardiovascular response. PPG was used in this study as one of the method of measuring it rather than ECG (Electrocardiography) for the purpose of solving ergonomic problem of sensing. The participants were in the age group of 20 (mean=24, standard deviation=1.25): five men and five women. Each experiment composed with four identical sets. First, a black screen was displayed for 30 second rest. Then, the prepared 6 pair images were randomly presented for 10 second stimulation and for 30 second non-stimulation. PPG was measured on the earlobes of experimenters at 200Hz sampling frequency. PPG amplitude, PPI(Pulse to Pulse Interval), and PRV(Pulse Rate Variability) were analyzed according to arousal level. T-test was performed to compare between the PPG variables of rest and relaxation, rest and arousal, and relaxation and arousal. Relative to the rest state, PPG amplitude decreased in relaxed state and increased in aroused state. Relative to the rest state, PPI decreased in both emotional states. However, more significant decline was observed in aroused state. PRV's LF and HF were used in the form of LF/HF to compare between the relaxed and the aroused state. Therefore, PPG signal showed significant differences between relaxed and aroused state. In conclusion, evaluation of human arousal level used in the PPG analysis demonstrated that PPG has better usability and comforter measurement than ECG and is clearly an alternative method of measuring arousal level.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been evolving to recognize and learn the languages, voice tones, and facial expressions of users so that they can respond to users' emotions in various contexts. Many AI-based services of particular importance in communications with users provide emotional interaction. However, research on nonverbal interaction as a means of expressing emotion in the AI system is still insufficient. We studied the effect of lighting on users' emotional interaction with an AI device, focusing on color and flickering motion. The AI device used in this study expresses emotions with six colors of light (red, yellow, green, blue, purple, and white) and with a three-level flickering effect (high, middle, and low velocity). We studied the responses of 50 men and women in their 20s and 30s to the emotions expressed by the light colors and flickering effects of the AI device. We found that each light color represented an emotion that was largely similar to the user's emotional image shown in a previous color-sensibility study. The rate of flickering of the lights produced changes in emotional arousal and balance. The change in arousal patterns produced similar intensities of all colors. On the other hand, changes in balance patterns were somewhat related to the emotional image in the previous color-sensibility study, but the colors were different. As AI systems and devices are becoming more diverse, our findings are expected to contribute to designing the users emotional with AI devices through lighting.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.192-201
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• 2010

This research deals with expressive definition of visual contents by using the distance between a subject and a screen resolution, and what changes affect the emotion of those looking at the expressive definition. A visual image captured from a HDTV screen was shown to the 61 students attending a university in the Busan area and SAM evaluation method was used to measure 3 different emotions such as pleasant, arousal, and dominance. While comparing different resolution, looking at high resolution contents rather than low resolution resulted in a direction of pleasant, arousal, and dominance. Also showing a different resolution than consistently showing the same resolution had a more volatile emotional effect. Aftermath multiple comparison resulted in a tendency for emotions to become unpleasant and un-arousal when high resolution contents were shown and then switched to a low resolution contents. There was no result of any significance in the control variables. Also on the aftermath multiple comparison on short, medium and long distance between the subject and the screen resolution, short distance had a bigger pleasant, arousal, and dominance emotional numbers than the rest. In a multiple variable verification result, a resolution and the distance of happiness and excitement showed a positive correlation.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.5-15
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identity the distribution of post-traumatic stress types and coping methods and to find the relationship between the post-traumatic stress types and the coping methods, for firefighters who experienced in Dea-Gu Subway Fire Disaster. The Subjects of this study were 126 firefighters who experienced Deagu Subway Disaster. Q questionnaire developed by Q-study and coping methods instrument based on that of Folkman & Lazaruswas revised and complemented by Kim Jung Hee was used. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA using SPSS. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The distribution of post-traumatic stress types were 52.4% of Emotional arousal trauma, 34.1% of Trauma experience persistence and 13.5% of Physiological symptom experience. 2. The difference of post-traumatic stress types according to the general characteristics were significantly related to the physical injury(p = .010). 3. The minimum score of coping with post-traumatic stress types was 0.07, the maximum was 2.96 and the mean score was 1.27. 4. The coping methods according to the general characteristics were significantly different at active coping method according to educational level(p = .001), passive coping method according to educational level(p = .003) and passive coping method according to diagnosis(p = 0.20). 5. The mean score of active coping method according types were Emotional arousal trauma(1.505), trauma experience persistance(1.322) and Physiological symptom experience(1.276). The mean score of passive coping method related with types were Emotional arousal trauma(1.328), trauma experience persistance(1.254) and Physiological symptom experience(1.219).