• 생약학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.203-206
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• 1987

An activity guided fractionation of the methanol extract of Cassiae Semen yielded three platelet anti-aggregatory components, aurantio-obtusin, chryso-obtusin and emodin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.159-162
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• 2000

A new stilbene diglycoside, piceatannol-3, 4'-O-$\beta$-D-diglucopyranoside (I), together with desoxyrhaponticin (II), emodin-1-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (III), and physcion-8-O-b-D-gluco-pyranoside (IV), were isolated from the rhizomes of cultivated Korean rhubarb rhizomes(Rheum undulatum), Jong DaeWhang, and the structures of 1-IV were identified on the basis of chemical and spectral evidences.

• 생약학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-9
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• 1982

From the leaves of Polygonum sachalinense Fr. Schm.(Polygonaceae) physcion(I) mp $205{\sim}6^{\circ}$, emodin(II) mp $248{\sim}50^{\circ}$, $physcion-8-0-{\beta}-glucoside(III)$ mp $245{\sim}6^{\circ}$, and $emodin-8-0-{\beta}-glucoside(IV)$ mp $186{\sim}8^{\circ}$ were isolated.

• 약학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1983

The rhizome of Polygonum sachalinense Fr. Schm. (=Reynoutria sachalinensis Nakai, Polygonaceae) has been used as "Polygoni Rhizoma" (Hu Zhang) in the Orient as laxatives, diuretics and for treatment of suppurative dermatitis, gonorrhoea, favus and athlete's foot. From the methanolic extract of the dried rhizome physcion, emodin, emodin-8-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside as anthraquinone derivatives and .betha.-sitosterol glucoside were isolated and identified. Stilbene derivatives which have antibacterial and antifungal activities were also isolated.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.612-619
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of the ethanol extracts and soluble dietary fiber from Cassia tora L. seed. The proximate composition of Cassia tora, soluble solid contents, color intensity and contents of emodin and rhein of Cassia tora extract, molecular mass distribution, sugar contents and viscosity of soluble fiber from Cassia tora were analyzed. Cassia tora contains 12.6% of moisture, 5.2% of ash, 13.4% of crude protein, 7.2% of crude fat, 8.8% of insoluble fiber and 48.3% of soluble fiber. The effects of extract condition on soluble solid contents, color intensity and contents of emodin and rhein of Cassia tora extract were investigated. The soluble solid contents were higher in 70% or 50% ethanol extracts than those in 100% ethanol extracts and showed highest value in grind sample extracts. In Hunter's color value, 100% ethanol extracts and whole Cassia tora sample extracts were higher in L and b value, but on the contrary, were lower in a value, than those of the other. The highest emodin and rhein contents were observed in 70% and 50% ethanol extracts, respectively, and showed higher value in room temperature extracts than in heating extracts. The molecular mass of soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed was estimated by gel filtration chromatography. Most soluble fiber(80%) exhibited a molecular mass range of between 50~2000 kDa. The major sugars of soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed were identified as xylose, mannose and galactose. The apparent viscosity of 0.5% soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed was 33 mPas showing a higher value than pectin or xanthan gum.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.200-208
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• 2014

In this study, we performed quantification determination of four major components including aurantio-obtusin, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion in the 70% ethanol extracts of non-processed Cassiae Semen and processed Cassiae Semen using a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector. The analytical column for separation of the 4 constituents used a Gemini $C_{18}$ column kept at $40^{\circ}C$ by the gradient elution with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in water and 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in acetonitrile as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the injection volume was $10{\mu}L$. The amount of aurantio-obtusin, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion in non-processed Cassiae Semen were 0.07%, 0.02%, 0.25%, and 0.10%, respectively. The amount of aurantio-obtusin, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion in processed Cassiae Semen were 0.04-0.14%, 0.01-0.03%, 0.02-0.42%, and 0.01-0.24%, respectively. Consequently, the optimal processing condition of Cassiae Semen for the improvements of amounts of four anthraquinone compounds was obtained by roasting at $240^{\circ}C$ for 15 min.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2000

Rheum undulatum L. has been used as Rhei Radix in Korean Pharmacopea although their pharmacological effects were not studied much. In this studym, we tested anti-inflammatory effect as a representative activity of Rheum undulatum L. extracts using cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibition. Murine macrophage, Raw 264.7 cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) to induce COX-2. The prostagladin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) levels as an indicator of COX-2 activity were determined in the culture medium using ELISA. Inhibition of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) as a standard, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, 80% ethanol extract of Rheum undulatum L. (Ex) and ether fraction (Fr) after acid hydrolysis of Rheum undulatum L. were tested in induced COX-2 described above. $IC_{50}$ values were 0.082 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for ASA. 181 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for aloe-emodin, 3.65 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for emodin, 144 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for chrysophanol, 39.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for rhein, 141 $\mu\textrm{g}$ of herb/ml for Ex, and 95.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$ of herb/ml for Fr. We found that Ex and Fr of Rheum undulatum L. were more effective than other anthraquinones, since their $IC_{50}$ are lower than others.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2000

Polygoni Multiflori Radix, the root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., has been used as a tonic, and in the inflammation and constipation in Korea. In order to evaluate the quality of Polygoni Multiflori Radix, the method of isolation and quantitative determination of emodin as a reference standard compound has been developed. Different specimens of Polygoni Multiflori Radix were collected from twenty Korean markets and were analyzed with HPLC using the mobile phase of MeOH-water (64:36). The average content of emodin from Polygoni Multiflori Radix in Korean markets was 0.021%.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2016

To determine the protective effect of aloe-emodin (AE) from high glucose induced toxicity in RIN-5F (pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell) cell and restoration of its function was analyzed. RIN-5F cells have been cultured in high glucose (25 mM glucose) condition, with and without AE treatment. RIN-5F cells cultured in high glucose decreased cell viability and increased ROS levels after 48 hr compared with standard medium (5.5 mM glucose). Glucotoxicity was confirmed by significantly increased ROS production, increased pro-inflammatory (IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-$1{\beta}$,) & decreased anti-inflammatory (IL-6&IL-10) cytokine levels, increased DNA fragmentation. In addition, we found increased Bax, caspase 3, Fadd, and Fas and significantly reduced Bcl-2 expression after 48 hr. RIN-5F treated with both high glucose and AE ($20{\mu}M$) decreased ROS generation and prevent RIN-5F cell from glucotoxicity. In addition, AE treated cells cultured in high glucose were transferred to standard medium, normal responsiveness to glucose was restored within 8hr and normal basal insulin release within 24 hr was achieved when compared to high glucose.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.595-598
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• 2008

Emodin (3-methyl-1,6,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone) is a natural chemotherapeutic compound with diverse biological properties including an antitumor activity. Emodin, a specific inhibitor of the protein tyrosine kinase, has a number of cellular targets in related to it. Its inhibition activity affects the mammalian cell cycle regulation in specific oncogene. Practically, it has been proven to inhibit HER-2/neu tyrosine kinase expressing breast cancer cells as an anticancer agent. 2-[123I]iodoemodin has been synthesized and evaluated human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, fibroblast as a control) which express basal levels of HER-2/neu tyrosine kinase to investigate its suitability as a breast cancer imaging agent and 2-iodoemodin has been synthesized as a standard compound. The radiochemical yield of the 2-[123I]iodoemodin was about 72% and its radiochemical purity was over 97% after purification. The radioactivity of the 2-[123I]iodoemodin was increased in a time dependent manner in both cell lines and the ratio of MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 to fibroblast was 2.9 and 1.7, respectively.