• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.494-498
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• 2009

The emergence and spread of drug-resistant malaria parasites is a serious public health problem in the tropical world. Useful antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine have resistance in the world now. Moreover, other antimalarialdrugs such as mefloquine, halofantrine, atovaquone, proguanil, artemether and lumefantrine retain efficacy but have limitations, one of which is their high cost. New antimalarial drugs are clearly needed now. Cytotoxicity assay and susceptibility assay were performed for the selectivity of herb extracts in vitro. On the basis of high selectivity, 4-day suppressive test and survival test were progressed in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The selectivity of Areca catechu L. (ACL) and butanol extract of ACL (ACL-BuOH extract) were 3.4 and 3.0 in vitro, respectively. Moreover in vivo, 4-day suppressive test showed 39.1 % inhibition effect after treated with 150 mg/kg/day ACL-BuOH to P. berghei-infected mice. Survival test also showed 60% survival rate with ACL-BuOH-treated group while all other group mice died. In this study, ACL and ACL-BuOH were investigated for antimalarial activity in vitro and in vivo and they showed a potent antimalarial activity. In particular,ACL-BuOH could specifically lead higher survival rate of mice in vivo. Therefore ACL-BuOH would be a candidate of antimalarial drugs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4273-4278
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• 2013

Objective: We aimed to define clinicopathologic risk factors associated with regional recurrence (RR) and thus the effectiveness of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for neck control for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) with differing cervical lymph node status. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 196 HNSCC patients with pathologically positive neck node (N+) to evaluate the high-risk factors for RR and to define the role of PORT in control after neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT). Results: Overall, the RR rate after neck dissection and PORT was 29%. Extracapsular spread (ECS) was confirmed to be the only independent risk factor for RR. There were no significant risk factors associated with RR in the ECS- group. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 45%, which descended to 10% with the emergence of RR. Conclusions: ECS remains a determined risk factor for RR after neck dissection and PORT in patients with N+. PORT alone is not adequate for preventing RR in the neck with ECS after neck dissection. More intensive postoperative adjuvant therapies, especially combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are needed to prevent regional failure in HNSCC patients with ECS.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.738-746
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• 1995

인공안개처리에 따른 보리의 생장, 잡초경합양상 및 제초제반을을 검토코자 온실내에서 일련의 pot시험이 수행되었다. 안개조건에서 보리의 초장, 엽령, 엽폭 및 지상부 생체중은 증가하였으나 출수가 지연되고 출수율과 수량 구성요소인 수당영화수, 천립중 및 발아율은 감소하였다. 안개조건으로 초종수의 차이는 없으나 잡초발생량은 유의적으로 증가하였고, 주요한 발생초종은 둑새풀, 새포아풀, 벼룩나물, 점나도나물, 황새냉이 및 갈퀴덩쿨등이었다. 안개조건에서는잡초와의 경합기간이 길수록 초장의 감소가 인정되었으며 1,000립중은 초기경합에서만 감소하였으며 그밖의 보리의 생장은 경합의 영향을 받지 않았다. 안개조건에서 제초제처리에 따른 보리의 생체중은 공시 제초제 공히 증가되었으나 1,000립중은 오히려 감소되었으며, 그 중 Butachlor 및 Thiobencarb의 약해가 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. 처리 후 25일째 생체중에 의한 잡초방제가는 75∼90%로써 안개조건이 비안개조건보다 3∼15% 낮게 나타났으나 60일째는 96%이상으로 대등한 방제가를 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2000

The effects of sludge and fertilizer application on germination and seedling growth of woody plants on heavy metal mine tailings were evaluated by greenhouse experiment. Two different mine tailings (Lead-zinc mine tailings from Kwangmyong, Kyonggi-do and tungsten mine tailings from Sangdong. Kangwon-do). four fertilizer treatments (N +P +K: 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg/m$^3$), and four sewage sludge treatments (5.5, 11, 22.5, and 45 Mg/m$^3$) were used in the experiment. Tested plants were Pinus densiflora, Larix leptolepis, Amorpha fruticosa, and Alnus hirsuta. There were three replicates for each treatment. In addition, vermiculite was used instead of mine tailings to determine the effect of physical amendments. Fifty seeds of a species were sown in a pot (upper diameter 13.5 cm, depth 10 cm) and seedling emergence were recorded daily for 30 days. The highest germination rate was 53% for all treatments. Germination rate of Larix leptolepis was lowest among the four species studied. One month later after seeding, seedlings were thinned and only 5 seedling were left in each pot, and fertilizer and sewage sludge were applied once again. Growth of seedlings were determined for 10 weeks since then. Most plants grew very poorly or died within 5 weeks on lead/zinc mine tailings from Kwangmyong. The analysis of heavy metal contents by the total dissolution method showed that heavy metals generally increased in the order of tungsten mine tailings from Sangdong < sewage sludge from Puchon < lead/zinc mine tailings from Kwangmyong. Growth of woody plants was improved significantly by the fertilizer treatments on tungsten mine tailings. In contrast. survival and growth of woody plants were not affected significantly by the sewage sludge treatment on both tailings. This study shows that fertilizer applied to established seeded stands may provide some benefits in terms of increased ground cover in the field. It is suggested that reclamation should be proceeded by the study of the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of mine tailings.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.274-284
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• 2013

The incidence of Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) on red pepper was investigated using the samples obtained from 24 areas of 8 provinces in Korea. Two hundred and five samples (79%) out of 260 collected samples were found to be infected with BBWV2. While the single infection rate of BBWV2 was 21.5%, the co-infection rate of BBWV2 with Cucumber mosaic virus, Pepper mottle virus, Pepper mild mottle virus and/or Potato virus Y was 78.5%. To characterize the genetic diversity of BBWV2 Korean isolates, 7 isolates were fully sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that BBWV2 isolates could be divided largely into two groups as Group I and Group II. Based on the partial sequence analyses, 153 selected BBWV2 isolates were subgrouped into GS-I (21.6%), GS-II (3.9%) and GS-III (56.9%). BBWV2 GS-III, which was predominant in Korea, appears to be a new combination between Group I RNA-1 and Group II RNA-2. Viral disease incidence of BBWV2 on red pepper was under 2% before 2004. However, the incidence was increased abruptly to 41.3% in 2005, 58.2% in 2006 and 79% in 2007. These rapid increases might be related with the emergence of new combinations between BBWV2 groups.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2006

Germination and early elongation of rice after germination were investigated in anoxic air treatment, nitric oxide gas treatment, and six concentrations of mercuric chloride solutions to determine the effects of limited oxygen environment, nitric oxide, and inhibited water flux through cell membrane in $17^{\circ}C$. Anoxic air treatment affected germination of tested six varieties very little. However root elongation rates were severely inhibited while shoot growth was affected less. Reductions in shoot and root elongations demonstrated genotypic variations. Nitric oxide delayed the germination of rice even though it didn't affect the final percent germination. Elongations of root and shoot were inhibited in nitric oxide treatment. The inhibitor effect of nitric oxide on the shoot elongation of rice was less severe, while nitric oxide completely inhibited the root emergence of rice. Concentrations of $HgCl_2$ greater than $300{\mu}M$ dramatically reduced the rate and percentage of germination when compared to distilled water treatment. The reduced percent germination showed the greatest variation among rice varieties in $500{\mu}M$ solution of mercuric chloride. Ansanbyeo, Jinheung, and Odaebyeo were affected less by $HgCl_2$, Nonganbyeo and Sangmibyeo were intermediate, and the germination of Andabyeo was greatly reduced by $HgCl_2$. Root elongation of germinated rice seedlings was more sensitive to oxygen deficits, nitric oxide, and $HgCl_2$ treatments than germination and shoot elongation. In conclusion, poor seedling establishment of rice sown in flooded paddy soils, in which the oxygen supply to the seeds is restricted, appears to the result of limited root elongation rate.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of demineralized and particulate autogenous tooth, and interleukin-6 in bone regeneration. A demineralized and particulate autogenous tooth was prepared and human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) and human osteosarcoma cells were inoculated into the culture. The rate of cell adhesion, proliferation and mineralization were examined, and the appearance of cellular attachment was observed. An 8 mm critical size defect was created in the cranium of rabbits. Nine rabbits were divided into three groups including: An experimental group A (3 rabbits), in which a demineralised and particulate autogenous tooth was grafted; an experimental group B (3 rabbits), in which a demineralized, particulate autogenous tooth was grafted in addition to interleukin-6 (20 ng/mL); and a control group. The rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks for histopathological examination with H-E and Masson's Trichrome, and immunohistochemistry with osteocalcin. The cell-based assay showed a higher rate of cell adhesion, mineralization and cellular attachment in the experimental group A compared with the control group. The animal study revealed an increased number of osteoclasts, newly formed and mature bones in the experimental group A compared with the control group. Eventually, a higher number of osteoclasts were observed in the experimental group B. However, the emergence of newly formed and mature bone was lower than in the experimental group A. The current results suggest that treatment with demineralized and particulate autogenous tooth and interleukin-6 is not effective in stimulating bone regeneration during the bone grafting procedure.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.172-176
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• 1984

몇가지 수도용 살충제를 공시하여 아치사약량 수집($LD_{10}$과 $LD_{50}$)을 처리하였을 때 차세대 벼멸구의 밀도에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 1. 농약원제의 $LD_{10}$과 $LD_{50}$ 수집의 약량을 처리하였을 때 공시약제 모두 무처리밀도보다 낮았고 $LD_{50}$보다 $LD_{10}$ 수집에서 밀도증식이 높았으며 Diazinon 처리에서 밀도증식이 비교적 높았다. 2. 제품농약의 유천약량을 벼멸구 자성충과 약충에 처리한 다음 1세대후 벼멸구의 약충기간은 약간 지연되는 경향이었으나 우화율은 약제처리에서 약간 높은 경향이나 자성충의 수명은 약제간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 산란수는 무처리에 비하여 Diazinon 처리에서 오히려 높았다. 3. 제품농약의 유천약량을 처리한 후 밀도변동을 조사한 결과 처리 약 38일까지는 무처리에 비하여 낮은 밀도를 보였으나 54일후 Diazinon 처리에서는 오히려 벼멸구의 밀도가 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.104-120
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• 1980

The effects of temperature on transpiration, chlorophyll content, frequency and aperture of stomata, and leaf temperature of Panax ginseng were reviewed. Temperature changes of soil and air under spade roof were also reviewed. Growth responses of responses of ginseng plant at various temperature were assessed in relation to suseptibillity of ginseng plants. Reasonable management of ginseng fields was suggested based on the response of ginseng to various temperatures. Stomata frequency may be increased under high temperature during leaf$.$growing stage. Stomata aperture increased by high temperature but the increase of both frequency and aperture appears not enough for transpiration to overcome high temperature encountered during summer in most fields. Serial high temperature disorder, i.e high leaf temperature, chlorophyll loss, inhibition of photosynthesis, increased respiration and wilting might be alleviated by high humidity and abundant water supply to leaf. High air temperature which limits light transmission rate inside the shade roof, induces high soil temperature(optimum soil temperature 16∼18$^{\circ}C$) and both(especially the latter) are the principal factors to increase alternaria blight, anthracnose, early leaf fall, root rot and high missing rate of plant resulting in poor yield. High temperature disorder was lessen by abundant soil water(optimum 17∼21%) and could be decreased by lowering the content of availability of phosphorus and nitrogen in soil consequently resulting in less activity of microorganisms. Repeated plowing of fields during preparation seems to be effective for sterilization of pathogenic microoganisms by high soil temperature only on surface of soils. Low temperature damage appeared at thowing of soils and emergence stage of ginseng but reports were limited. Most limiting factor of yield appeared as physiological disorder and high pathogen activity due to high temperature during summer(about three months).

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2003

우리나라 남부 도서지역인 진도 지방에서 울금 다수확의 기 초 자료를 얻고자 차광 재배를 실시 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 진도 지역에서 울금을 4월 20일 정식할 경우 4주 지난 후에 출현되고, 출현율은 83­88%이었다. 초장은 129cm­147cm이였고, 차광의 정도가 높을수록 초장이 커지는 경향이었다. 엽장은 47.5cm­49.4cm로 차광 30­60%에서 약간 양호하였다. 또한 엽폭은 16.9­17.9cm로 차광이 높을수록 짧아지는 경향이었으나 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 울금의 1주 근경중은 941­993g으로 비대가 잘되었고, 10a당 3,980­4,200kg을 생산 할 수 있었으며, 15%와 30%차광이 수량이 약간 증수되었으나 45%이상의 차광에서는 오히려 감소되는 경향으로 차광의 효과는 인정되지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 보아 울금을 재배할 경우 15%차광에서 생육이 가장 양호한 것으로 나타나고, 근경 수량이 약간 증수되나 경제성을 고려하여 재배하여야 할 것으로 생각된다.