• Title/Summary/Keyword: elevated temperatures test

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Characteristics of Fatigue Crack Initiation and Fatigue Strength of Nitrided 1 Cr- 1Mo-0.25V Turbine Rotor Steels

  • Suh, Chang-Min;Hwang, Byung-Won;Murakami, Ri-Ichi
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • v.16 no.8
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    • pp.1109-1116
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    • 2002
  • To investigate the effect of nitriding layer on both fatigue crack initiation and fatigue life, turbine rotor steel ( IC.- 1Mo-0.25V steel) specimens were nitrided by the nitemper method and then put to a rotary bending fatigue test at room and elevated temperatures. In nitriding, temperature and time were controlled to obtain a different nitrided thickness. Microstructure analysis, micro-Victors hardness test, and scanning electron microscope observation were carried out for evaluating experiments. In results, the fatigue cracks of nitrided specimens were initiated at inclusion near the interface between nitrided layer and substrate, which showed fish-eye type appearance in fractograph. The fatigue life of nitrided specimens at every temperature was prolonged compared to that of the non-nitrided. However, there was not observable improvement in fatigue characteristics with the increase of a nitrided thickness.

Flexural Creep Model of Recycled-PET Polymer Concrete (재활용 PET 폴리머 콘크리트의 휨 크리프모델)

  • Tae, Ghi-Ho;Jo, Byung-Wan;Park, Jong-Wha
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2006.05b
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    • pp.661-664
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    • 2006
  • As polymer concrete become more widely used by design engineers, it is important that the viscoelastic mechanical behavior of these materials is properly taken into account. Also, an important consideration in the design of polymer concrete is the behavior of creep according to ages of polymer concrete. In this study, flexural creep test was performed on recycled-PET polymer concrete. An method of accelerating the flexural creep tests, called the two-point method, was developed. The two-point method uses the results of three 24-hours creep tests performed at elevated temperatures to develop a Prony series equation that predicts the long-term creep strains at room temperature. The test results demonstrated that two-point method can predict long-term creep strain with sufficient accuracy. The difference between the predicted creep compliance values from those obtained experimentally was less than 5 percent.

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Characteristics of Liquid Phase Diffusion Bonded Joints Using Newly Developed Ni-3Cr-4Si-3B Insert Metal of Heat Resistant Alloy (신개발 Ni-3Cr-4Si-3B 삽입금속으로 액상확산접합한 내열주강 접합부의 특성)

    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.62-67
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    • 2000
  • Metallurgical characteristics of bonded region and high temperature mechanical properties of heat resistant alloy, Fe-35Ni-26Cr during liquid phase diffusion bonding were investigated employing AM17 insert metal. The insert metal for bonding, AM17 was newly developed Ni-base metal using interpolation method. Bonding of specimens were carried out at 1,403~1,463K for 600s in vacuum. The microconstituents in the bonded interlayer disappeared in the bonding temperature over 1,423K. The microstructures, alloying elements and hardness distribution in the base metal. The tensile strength and elongation of the joints at elevated temperatures were the same level as one of the base metal in the bonding temperature over 1,423K. The creep rupture strength and rupture lives of joints were almost identical to those of base metal.

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Relationship Between Small-punch Creep Test Data and Uniaxial Creep Test Data based on the Monkman-Grant Relation (몽크만·그랜트관계에 기초한 소형펀치 크리프시험 데이터와 일축 크리프시험 데이터의 관계)

  • Kim, Bum Joon;Sohn, Ilseon;Lim, Byeong Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.30 no.8
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    • pp.809-814
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    • 2013
  • The relationship between the small-punch creep test and the conventional creep test was investigated experimentally using a method similar to that of the Monkman-Grant relationship. Uniaxial and small-punch creep rupture tests were carried out on 9Cr-2W ferritic steel (Commercial Grade 92 steel: X10CrWMoVNb 9-2) at elevated temperatures. From the relation derived in the same manner as the Monkman-Grant relation, a correlation between the displacement rate in response to the small-punch creep test and the strain rate in the uniaxial creep test was found, and the creep life was calculated using this relation. Furthermore, the failure modes of the small punch creep test specimens were investigated to show that the fracture was caused by creep.

High Temperatures and Kidney Disease Morbidity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

  • Lee, Woo-Seok;Kim, Woo-Sung;Lim, Youn-Hee;Hong, Yun-Chul
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: In recent years, serious concerns have been raised regarding the impacts of rising temperatures on health. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between elevated temperatures and kidney disease through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: In October 2017, 2 researchers independently searched related studies in PubMed and Embase. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, including only studies that presented odds ratios, relative risks, or percentage changes, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The characteristics of each study were summarized, and the Egger test and funnel plots were used to evaluate publication bias. Results: Eleven studies that met the criteria were included in the final analysis. The pooled results suggest an increase of 30% (95% CI, 20 to 40) in kidney disease morbidity with high temperatures. In a disease-specific subgroup analysis, statistically significant results were observed for both renal colic or kidney stones and other renal diseases. In a study design-specific subgroup analysis, statistically significant results were observed in both time-series analyses and studies with other designs. In a temperature measure-specific subgroup analysis, significant results were likewise found for both studies using mean temperature measurements and studies measuring heat waves or heat stress. Conclusions: Our results indicate that morbidity due to kidney disease increases at high temperatures. We also found significant results in subgroup analyses. However, further time-series analyses are needed to obtain more generalizable evidence.

Prediction of Carcass Fat, Protein, and Energy Content from Carcass Dry Matter and Specific Gravity of Broilers

  • Wiernusz, C.J.;Park, B.C.;Teeter, R.G.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 1999
  • Three experiments were conducted to develop and test equations for predicting carcass composition. In the first study using 52 d-old Cobb ${\times}$ Cobb male broilers, twenty four carcasses were selected from 325 processed birds based upon visual appraisal for abdominal fat (low, medium, high) and assayed for specific gravity (SG), dry matter (DM), fat, protein, and ash. In experiment 2, 120 birds were fed rations containing 2 caloric densities (2,880 and $3,200kcal\;ME_n/kg$ diet) and assayed as described above on weeks 2,3,4,5, and 6. Carcass fat was elevated (p < 0.05) with increased caloric density. In both studies predictive variables were significantly correlated with chemically determined carcass fat, protein, and ash contents. Pooled across the 2 studies, data were used to form SG, DM, and or age based equations for predicting carcass composition. Results were tested in experiment 3, where 576 birds reared to 49-d consumed either 2,880, 3,200, or $3,574kcal\;ME_n/kg$ diet while exposed to constant $24^{\circ}C$ or cycling 24 to $35^{\circ}C$ ambient temperatures. Both dietary and environmental effects impacted (p < 0.05) carcass composition. The fat content analyzed chemically was enhanced from 12.4 to 15.7%, and predicted fat was also elevated from 13.4 to 14.8% with increasing caloric density. Heat distress reduced (p < 0.05) analyzed carcass protein (18.9 vs 18.3%) and predicted protein (18.2 vs 17.5%). Predicted equation values for carcass fat, protein, ash, and energy were correlated with the chemically analyzed values at r=0.96, 0.77, 0.86, and 0.79, respectively. Results suggest that prediction equations based on DM and SG may be used to estimate carcass fat, protein, ash, and energy contents of broilers consuming diets that differ in caloric density (2,800 to $3,574kcal\;ME_n/kg$) and for broilers exposed to either constant ($24^{\circ}C$) or cycling high (24 to $35^{\circ}C$) ambient temperatures during 49-d rearing period tested in the present study.

Evaluation of Fretting Fatigue Behavior for Inconel Alloy at 320℃ (320℃에서의 인코넬 합금의 프레팅 피로 거동 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Kwon, Jae-Do;Jeung, Han-Kyu;Chung, Il-Sup;Park, Dae-Kyu;Yoon, Dong-Hwan
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.35 no.8
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    • pp.951-956
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    • 2011
  • Inconel alloys are generally used as steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants. These alloys are highnickel chromium alloys that exhibit excellent resistance to aqueous corrosion. In this paper, the effects of elevated temperatures such as an operating temperature of $320^{\circ}C$ on the fretting fatigue behavior of inconel 600 and 690. We observed that the plain and fretting fatigue limits at $320^{\circ}C$ were slightly lower than those at room temperature. The frictional forces varied depending on the number of load cycles. After each test, we studied the fretting fatigue mechanisms via SEM observations. These results can be used for structural integrity evaluations at elevated temperatures and for studying fretting damage in steam generator systems.

Evaluating fire resistance of prestressed concrete bridge girders

  • Zhang, Gang;Kodur, Venkatesh;Hou, Wei;He, Shuanhai
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.62 no.6
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    • pp.663-674
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    • 2017
  • This paper presents an approach for evaluating performance of prestressed concrete (PC) bridge girders exposed to fire. A finite element based numerical model for tracing the response of fire exposed T girders is developed in ANSYS. The analysis is carried out in three stages, namely, fire temperature calculation, cross sectional temperature evaluation, and then strength, deformation and effective prestress analysis on girders exposed to elevated temperatures. The applicability of the computer program in tracing the response of PC bridge girders from the initial preloading stage to failure stage, due to combined effects of fire and structure loading, is demonstrated through a case study, and validated by test data of a scaled PC box girder under ISO834 fire condition. Results from the case study show that fire severity has a significant influence on the fire resistance of PC T girders and hydrocarbon fire is most dangerous for the girder. The prestress loss caused by elevated temperature is about 10% under hydrocarbon fire till the girder failure, which can lead to the increase in deflection of the PC girder. The rate of deflection failure criterion is suggested to determine the failure of PC T girder under fire.

Microstructure and Elevated Temperature Strength of W-ZrC Composites with Micrometric and Nanosized ZrC Particles (서로 다른 입자크기의 ZrC가 첨가된 W-ZrC 복합체의 미세구조 및 고온강도에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Yoon Soo;Ryu, Sung-Soo
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.415-421
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    • 2014
  • W-10vol.%ZrC composites reinforced by micrometric and nanosized ZrC particles were prepared by hot-pressing of 25 MPa for 2 h at $1900^{\circ}C$. The effect of ZrC particle size on microstructure and mechanical properties at room temperature and elevated temperatures was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope observations and the flexural strength test of the W-ZrC composite. Microstructural analysis of the W-ZrC composite revealed that nanosized ZrC particles were homogeneously dispersed in the W matrix inhibiting W grain growth compared to W specimen with micrometric ZrC particle. As a result, its flexural strength was significantly improved. The flexural strength at room temperature for W-ZrC composite using nanosized ZrC particle being 740 MPa increased by around 2 times than that of specimen using micrometric ZrC particle which was 377 MPa. The maximum strength of 935 MPa was tested at $1200^{\circ}C$ on the W composite specimen containing nanosized ZrC particle.

Creep Damage Evaluation of High-Temperature Pipeline in Power Plant by Using Ultrasonic Velocity Measurement and Hardness Test (초음파 음속 및 경도법에 의한 발전소 고온배관재의 크리프 손상평가)

  • Hur, Kwang-Beom;Yoo, Keun-Bong;Cho, Yong-Sang;Lee, Sang-Guk
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.13 no.3 s.33
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    • pp.92-99
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    • 1999
  • High temperature and pressure materials in power plant are degraded by creep damage, if they are exposed to constant loads for long times, which occurs in load bearing structures of pressurized components operationg at elevated temperatures. Many conventional measurement techniques such as replica method, electric resistance method, and hardness test method for measuring creep damgage have been used. So far, the replica method is mainly used for the inspection of high temperature and pressure components. This technique is, however, restricted to applications at the surface of the testpieces and cannot be used to material inside. In this paper, ultrasonic evaluation for the detection of creep damage in the form of cavaties on grain boundaries or intergranular microcracks were carried out. And the absolute measuring method of quantitative ultrasonic velocity technique for Cr-Mo material degradation was analyzed. As a result of ultrasonic tests for crept for specimens, we founded that the sound velocity was decreased as increase of creep life fraction(${phi}c$) and also, confirmed that hardness was decreased as increase of creep life fraction(${phi}c$).

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