• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of the study is to find out the effect of wearing a weighted vest for sensory modulation disorder children. Methods : The participant of the study was an elementary school student, male, aged 7. The ABA single case study was used to design the study which was performed for 14 sessions. During the mediation period(B), the participant received the study cognitive education wearing weighted vest weighing 1.3kg. Results : Abnormal behaviors such as suddenly standing up from the chair, shaking body front and back, and left and right, sucking his thumb and putting the back of his hand to his mouth showed tendency to decrease gradually. Discussion : The participant's abnormal behaviors decreased as the sessions went by, which means the sensory integration therapy can improve the behavior of the child suffering the sensory modulation disorder. The design of the study had certain limitation to explain the influence a weighted vest to sustain the effect of the sensory integration therapy. New study design is needed for the extended studies to prove the lasting effect of a weighted vest for the sensory integration therapy and to suggest protocols incorporating wearing know-hows, proper wearing time, and the weight of a weighted vest.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 2020

This study examined whether the integrated education science and resource e-book developed for students with disabilities were properly implemented in terms of universal design for learning. For analysis, "Teaching and learning materials for inclusive education of students with disabilities: grade 3~6 sciences", which were instructional adaptation, were selected for students with disabilities who are unable to learn the contents of general textbooks for the 3rd to 6th grade of the elementary school science course in the 2015 revised curriculum. The science grades are composed of 40 units, including basic science inquiry, matter, life, kinetic and energy, earth and universe. The content analysis standard was based on detailed items of 9 definitions according to the 3 principles of UDL presented in CAST (2018). As a result of the study, the strategy network was the largest among the UDL principles. As for the domain of the science curriculum, the kinetic and energy was the most common. As UDL detailed items, informations presentation suitable for learners was most frequent in cognitive network. Various ways of searching for data, was most frequent in strategies network. Diverse materials optimized difficulty of contents was most frequent in affective network.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.205-216
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• 2010

In this paper, a method of MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS) multiplexing for Ultra HDTV (UHDTV) and its design and implementation as a SW tool is described. In practice, UHD video may be divided into several HD videos and each video is encoded in parallel. Therefore, it is necessary to synchronize and multiplex multiple bitstreams encoding each HD video for transmitting and storing UHD video. In this paper, it is assumed that 4 HD videos partitioning a UHD spatially are encoded as H.264/AVC and two 5.0 channel audios are encoded by AC-3. Therefore, 4 H.264/AVC elementary streams (ESs) and 2 AC-3 ESs is mainly considered in the TS multiplexing of UHD. For the carriage of H.264/AVC and AC-3 over MPEG-2 TS, PES packetization and TS multiplexing are designed and implemented based on the extended specification of the MPEG-2 Systems and ATSC (Digital audio compressed standard), respectively. The implemented UHD TS multiplexing tool emulates real time HW operation in the time unit corresponding to the duration of one TS packet transmission in a given TS rate. In particular, in order to satisfy the timing model, the buffers defined in the TS System Target Decoder (T-STD) are monitored and their statuses are considered in the scheduling of TS multiplexing. For UHD multiplexing, two kinds of multiplexing structures, which are UHD re-multiplexing and UHD program multiplexing, are implemented and their strength and weakness are investigated. The developed UHD TS multiplexing tool is tested and verified in terms of the syntax and semantics conformance and functionalities by using a commercial analyzer and real-time presentation tools.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

Objective: This study aims to assess the following issues - acquisition level in terms of the information on frequently used drugs of youth, access paths for the information, actual status of the use of drugs frequently used by youth, types of the used drugs, drug abuse among youth, and the consequent drawbacks. This study also takes aims at suggestion of correct role of pharmacists in consideration of drug abuse among youth. Methods: During the period from August 1, 2011 to October 31, 2012, a research design and a question development have been conducted. To the students of the schools that were randomly selected (elementary school's N=99, middle school's N=106, high school's N=115 and university's N=115), it was asked to complete given questionnaire from August 1, 2012 to August 31, 2012. During the period from September 1, 2012 to October 30, 2012, the questionnaires were collected back and the analysis and evaluation of them were carried out. Results: Drugs known to the respondents were a total of 115 different medicines and most of the drugs belonged to over-the-counter drugs. The most well known drug was pain reliever and the second most familiar drug was wound ointment. Most of the respondents found the drugs through direct use and advertisement. In everyday life, more than half of the respondents were using over-the-counter drugs as well as health supplements. The most commonly used drug was analgesic drug. It was showed that the respondents also frequently used the drugs for improving their grades and appearances. It was shown that among the cases of drug use, there were also the cases of misuse and abuse of drugs for the respondents or people around them. Reliability of pharmacists was shown to be high and many students were also satisfied with the pharmacists' guidance for medication. Conclusion: Currently many students are using different kinds of drug in daily life, and there is a possibility that the risk of misuse and abuse of drugs will be increased. Those age groups can easily engage in bad habit of drug use. Thus, promotion on accurate drug information has to be strengthened, and pharmacists are required to conduct correct guidance for drug user's medication in terms of use amount, usage, interactions among different drugs, and potential risks.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.385-394
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• 2003

An investigation by KRNIC (Korea Network Information Center) on the real state of usage of internet has shown that 96.9％ of children investigated had experiences of using internet. Especially the firstly ranked item that had been answered by children as a necessity of internet was 'Studying to solve tasks' rated by 83.9％. As seen from the research result, the need as a homework sonics is actually so dominant that it cannot be ignored when considering the profitability at the area of education contents, but any profound research has not been accomplished yet. Internet has been positioned as a more effective and fruitful learning tool, and also all activities done by users for exploring informations and choosing learning items under the on-line circumstances are based on the successive mutual reactions between users and computers. Up to now much of the web based learning circumstances has been introducing the User Interface using metaphor, and the same is found dominantly from the sites for children. But in spite of the availability of metaphor mentioned above the current status is much lack of profound researches about metaphor interface; and what is more, in the case of the site for elementary school students the gap of the ability recognizing metaphor is very large between lower classes and higher classes according to the degree of mental growth but that is used to be simply ignored, then a common concept is adapted to interface for all grades of classes and moreover for infant and kindergarten without any objections. Based on foregoing problems this research has put the main focus on the groping and presenting desirable directions on the prospect design of interface for children-oriented sites by analyzing the status of practical usage of metaphor interface in the field of the sites for children-oriented learning sites with concentration upon homework supporting domains.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.260-274
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to propose curriculum and teaching sequence for seasonal change by exploring a learning progression. For the purpose, 4 steps of construct modeling approach (specifying construct, item design, outcome space, and measurement model) proposed by Wilson (2005) was applied. In the stage of specifying construct, 'length of shadow according to seasons', 'position of constellation according to seasons', 'seasons of the southern hemisphere and northern hemisphere', 'cause and phenomenon of seasonal change' were selected as the subconstructs of seasonal changes, and constructed a construct map showing the level of development from level 1 to level 4 for each subconstruct based on the results of the previous research. In the item design stage, we developed five assessment items consisting of 3 items in the form of C-E (choose and explain) and two items in the form of CR (constructed response), applied it to 383 elementary, middle and high school students. In the outcome space stage, the students' responses to the assessment items were categorized based on the construct map. The categories were classified into 4 levels according to student ability and scores of 1-4 were given. In the measurement model stage, we applied the partial credit model of the Rasch model and compared whether the learning pathway created from the results of students' response coincides with the construct map. Based on the results of the research, we modified the construct map and finally created hypothetical learning progression on seasonal change. Finally, we proposed an orientation of curriculum amendment and effective teaching sequence for seasonal change.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.66-90
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze primary causes of indoor air pollution, including carbon dioxide, minute dust, and total volatile organic compounds, for each room before the beginning of a class through the time of discharge after the end of the class in general classrooms, computer rooms, and science rooms of three newly-established schools that opened in 2006, examine properties of indoor air environment in each room by educational activities at school, and determine effective management schemes; the results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) As for implications for each item found in the mean for each place, since minute dust (PM10) was more likely to occur in time slots full of students' activities, such as a traveling class and a recess, than in the middle of a class and could be expected fully, it is necessary to make a scheme for cleaning in order to reduce minute dust within a room, for example, by usually using a vacuum cleaner indoors. 2) While carbon dioxide was expected to vary with the differences in the amount of breath between higher-graders and lower-graders in a general classroom but showed insignificant difference by grades, showing differences in pollution by four times at a maximum according to the opening of a window as expected, it is necessary to implement artificial or natural ventilation and take a positive measure, for example, by presenting a concrete ventilation scheme, in order to improve indoor air pollution at a room practice. 3) Total volatile organic compounds were found to exceed the standard by more than twice in general classrooms, science rooms, and computer rooms of the schools because of building materials, furnitures including desks and chairs, panels and boards for environment beautification, and items which could be detected even from students' clothes; while a field directly-reading tool was used, obtaining high reliability for the results, it is necessary to apply an analytical method based on process test separately for actual correct measurement if a significantly great amount of total volatile organic compounds appear as compared with other schools due to measuring expenses and consecutive measurements. 4) Since formaldehyde (HCHO) was generally found to exceed the standard in general classrooms, science rooms, and computer rooms, it is necessary to establish and operate a ventilator during a class in a computer room which requires airtightness and a science room in which an organic compound should be used for a class.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.564-568
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• 2020

Problem-based learning (PBL) is applied to various subjects for the sake of learners' creative thinking, problem-solving skills, presentation skills, confidence, self-directed learning, cooperation, and for the communication skills required in a rapidly changing society. Among them, the English language-an official language-is invested in 2.3 times more than other subjects, according to the English education company Yoon's Teacher. Therefore, PBL is an important learning method. However, the reality is that teacher-centered instruction, acquiring knowledge of the best answers only, and traditional evaluations are the main subjects. In order to supplement these weak points, this study designed a learning model for English subjects based on Barrows & Myers (2002) and the analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model. As a result of a PBL English class based on the ADDIE model, the learners were able to improve their presentation skills by 86%, their interest in learning by 86%, their understanding of learning by 86%, and cooperation by 100%. As such, studies on designing the learning model should be carried out continuously to achieve the purpose of 21st century English education, which is to improve learners' communication skills and information processing skills.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.27-38
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study is to apply interactive metronome (IM) training to a child with praxis problems who are attending elementary school and to measure the change in participants' timing following IM training. Methods : A total of 11 sessions were conducted using a single subject design. The participant was a boy aged 12 years and two months. During period A, the IM Long Form Assessment (LFA) and the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) were administered along with clinical observation. During period B, IM training was conducted. During all sessions, tasks 1 and 2 of the IM Short Form Assessment (SFA) were carried out, and changes in the participant's timing were recorded. Results : As a result of the initial assessment, the participant was suspected to have bilateral integration and sequencing deficits. In SFA tasks 1 and 2, the accuracy of the participant's timing increased during the B period compared to the A period. In addition, the trend line of SFA task 1 showed a negative slope during the B period but a positive slope during the A period. Conclusion : This study indicates that IM has a positive effect on the timing of children who have problems with praxis. This result provides a basis for applying IM training in clinical practice.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.973-985
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to suggest the direction and implications of learning with AI in the future by analyzing the trends of research learning with AI in the field of education. For doing this, the final 78 papers published in domestic journals over the past three years from 2019 to July 2021 were selected for analysis through review. The analysis results are as follows. First of all, papers in 2020 among the three years were most published, and the most utilized research method was the qualitative research. In addition, according to the analysis by study subject, studies on elementary school students were the most common, followed by studies on college and graduate students. In the analysis by subject, research related to foreign language education was most utilized and chatbot was most used in the AI technology type. Finally, the research learning with AI accounted for the majority, and student support accounted for the majority as the type of education system learning with AI at the implementation stage among the areas of teaching and learning and evaluation. Based on these results, the direction and implications of learning with AI in the future were presented. This study is meaningful in that it grasped research trends of learning with AI in domestic from an overall perspective, and examined learning with AI focusing on the instructor-learner and the teaching and learning design process.