• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1988.07a
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• pp.636-639
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• 1988

This paper suggests the operation performing the noise elimination of binary image. The image is read by the scanner. And operand is selected according to the size of input image. Through the Dilation and Erosion, elementary vector operation with selected operand, the noise of input image is eliminated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.507-518
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• 2016

In this paper, using forms of conjugations, we give some algebraic properties of bicomplex numbers. We research differential operators, elementary functions and the analogous Cauchy-Riemann system in bicomplex number systems. Also, we investigate the definition and properties of regular functions with values in bicomplex settings in Clifford analysis.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.83-102
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore students' understanding on units embedded in multiple interpretations of fractions: (a) part-whole relationships, (b) measures, (c) quotients, (d) ratios, and (e) operators. A total of 150 sixth graders in elementary schools were surveyed by a questionnaire comprised of 20 tasks in relation to multiple interpretations of fractions. As results, students' performance on units varied depending on the interpretations of fractions. Students had a tendency to regard the given whole as the unit, which led to incorrect answers. This study suggests that students should have rich experience to identify and operate various units in the context of multiple fractions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.341-348
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the operators' perception of the allowable price range and the optimal price of kindergarten meals by using the PSM (price sensitivity measurement) technique and provide basic data on calculating kindergarten meal costs reflecting realistic meals. From April to May 2021, 779 kindergartens in Seoul were surveyed, based on 246 (31.6%) of the respondents. According to the survey, kindergarteners spent 3,506 won for meals on average, followed by 3,822 won for kindergarten attached to elementary school, 3,316 won for public kindergartens, and 2,896 won for private kindergartens (p<0.001). The allowed price range for the kindergarten meal service workers was estimated at 3,447~3854 won, 3,447 won for PMC (Point of Marginal Cheapness), and 3,854 won for PME (Point of Marginal Expensiveness). The appropriate cost of the kindergarten meal service provider was 3,950 won for kindergartens attached to elementary school, 3,425 won for public kindergartens, and 3,546 won for private kindergartens.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Background: As the impact of climate change intensifies, exposure to heat stress will grow, leading to a loss of work capacity for vulnerable occupations and affecting individual labor decisions. This study estimates the future work capacity under the Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 scenario and discusses its regional impacts on the occupational structure in the Republic of Korea. Methods: The data utilized for this study constitute the local wet bulb globe temperature from the Korea Meteorological Administration and information from the Korean Working Condition Survey from the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute of Korea. Using these data, we classify the occupations vulnerable to heat stress and estimate future changes in work capacity at the local scale, considering the occupational structure. We then identify the spatial cluster of diminishing work capacity using exploratory spatial data analysis. Results: Our findings indicate that 52 occupations are at risk of heat stress, including machine operators and elementary laborers working in the construction, welding, metal, and mining industries. Moreover, spatial clusters with diminished work capacity appear in southwest Korea. Conclusion: Although previous studies investigated the work capacity associated with heat stress in terms of climatic impact, this study quantifies the local impacts due to the global risk of climate change. The results suggest the need for mainstreaming an adaptation policy related to work capacity in regional development strategies.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.69-85
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore ways to revitalize the community-based child care community by identifying the factors that are hindering and activating the operation and use of this community by elementary school students. To this end, an in-depth interview survey was conducted of operators of child care communities in Jeollabuk-do and users of caring communities. Detailed themes, sub-ranges and upper ranges were determined through a qualitative research method. As a result of the study, it was determined that the basic environmental weakness of the caring community and its lack of power are the things hindering the operation and use of rhe communities the most. On the other hand, the main activation factors for community-based child care community activities were the stabilization of the environment and the strengthening of the internal capacity of the care community. This study is meaningful as basic data for the safe establishment and activation of a community-based child care community, which is emerging as an alternative to the child care gap due to the prolonged effects of COVID-19.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.491-504
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to analyze the quality attributes, quality factors and customer satisfaction in school foodservice and to provide suggestions for improving school foodservice environments. The survey was distributed to different respondents (5,771 students, 2,045 parents, and 1,981 faculty members) at different types of schools (elementary school, middle school, and high school) on September 2010 in 16 cities and provinces. The data were analyzed using SPSS for descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, t-test and multiple linear regression analysis. First, all foodservice quality attributes were significant different by respondents and the faculty had higher scores than parents and students. A comparison of scores by respondents and distribution place demonstrated that classroom of student and parents had a higher score for quality attributes. The overall satisfaction with school foodservice was significant different by respondents and higher for classroom than for dining hall for student and parents. In comparison of annual data, there was decreased overall satisfaction and quality attributes in student and parents. Second, in the regression results, which showed the effects of the foodservice quality attributes on overall satisfaction by respondents and distribution place, improvements of 'food taste', 'pleasant foodservice environment', and 'kindness of employee' would increase satisfaction in most of the respondents. Third, the overall satisfaction with school foodservice was higher for nutrition teachers than dietitians for students and faculty. Therefore, the operators will need to make different efforts based on each customer needs to improve the overall satisfaction on school foodservice.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.53
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• pp.285-310
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• 2003

As National Pension Scheme for all nation complete in 1999 through expanding application in cities, the public pension including Public Occupational Pension became main axis of old-age income maintenance. After 4years since then, now, it is only half of total National Pension insured persons who have been qualified to receive pension through participate and contribution. The other half of National Pension insured is left the excluded from public pension. This paper is intended to identify scale and characteristics of the excluded from public pension and to analysis its cause, and to explore policy measures for solving the excluded's problem. for current recipients over 60 years old generation, the its excluded's scale is no less than 86% of the old over 60 years. The probability of getting in the excluded is high in case of old elderly and female for current elderly generation. For future recipients 18-59 years working generation, the its excluded's scale is no less than 61% of the 18-59 years total population. The probability of getting in the excluded is high in case of 18-29 years and female for current working generation. As logistic regression analysis determinant factor of paying or not pension contribution for future recipients, it appear that probability of getting in the excluded for current working generation is high in case of younger old, lower education attainment, irregular employee, working at agriculture forestry fishery sector, construction sector, wholesale retail trade restaurants hotels sector, financial institution and insurance real estate renting and leasing sector in comparison with manufacturing sector, occpaying at elementary occupation, professionals technicians and associate professionals, sale and service workers, plant machine operators and assemblers, legislators senior officials and managers in comparison with clerks. The Policy measures for the current recipient old generation have need to reinforce supplemental role of Senior's pension(non-contribution pension) until maturing of public pension, because of no having chance of public pension participants for them. And the Policy measures for the future recipient working generation have need to restructure social security fundamentally corresponding with social-economic change as labour market and family structure etc. The pension system has need to change from one earner one pension to one citizen one pension with citizenship rights. At this point, public pension have need to manage with combining insurance's contribution principle and citizenship principle financing by taxes. Then public pension will become substantially universal social network for old-age income maintenance and we can find real solution for the excluded from.