• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2020

Recently, there have been many research on fever management using u-healthcare technology. Especially, fever of infants requires continuous monitoring of body temperature by parents. For infants between 4 weeks and under 5 years old, it is recommended to use an electronic thermometer or chemical thermometer in the axilla, or to use an infrared thermometer. However, in order to overcome the reality of not being able to waste significant time on continuous monitoring, there have been demands of patch type thermometers with the internet of things (IoT) and wireless communication technologies. Existing IoT thermometers are difficult to attach to infants' body because they do not take into account its size, and their interoperability is not guaranteed because they do not comply with standards in communication. Therefore, in this study, a patch-type thermometer with a diameter of 20 mm and a weight of 2.9 g was developed to manage the fever of infants, while it communicates wirelessly with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication protocol and complies with IEEE 11073 PHD(Personal Health Device) at the same time. We verified its performance under the requirements of thermometers regulated by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.120-131
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• 2009

Most world-leading companies are aware that Environment and Health and Safety Issues are critical to the product quality and sustainable growth of their company. Environment-friendly efforts are seen in almost all aspects of business operations in an advanced nation. The Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR) and EU Directive on Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment(WEEE) attempt to tackle the growing quantity of WEEE by making producers responsible for the costs of the collection and recycling of their products at the End-of-Life(EOL). To implement the RFID-based integration system for EOL household electric appliances, such as washing machines and refrigerators, we analyzed the process of collecting, recovering, and recycling the EOL products returned from the distribution points. Furthermore, we proposed a soon-to-be process using the RFID-based integration system in the metropolitan recycling center(MRC). This soon-to-be process model is composed of RFID tags, readers, ALEs, applications and several devices. Through the introduction of the RFID-based integration system, we are expecting to see increasing traceability and real-time management for EOL products from customers, and also improvements in valuable reusable materials(VRM) produced from recycling processes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.664-665
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• 2016

This paper proposes an identification system based on QR (Quick Response) code for production and disposal information of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Three thousands and five hundreds of electronic devices have replaced and discarded in South Korea in a year, and twenty millions to fifty millions tons of e-wastes have happened throughout the world every year. According to Gartner, market research institution, the number of IoT devices will increase from 2.3 billions in 2013 to 30 billions in 2020, however, the regulations and systems which take into account environment were not prepared. The identification systems for reflecting information of devices, which are produced or discarded, are required to resolve the problem. The proposed identification system based on QR code can store much more massive data such as the producer, product's model, serial number, recycling rate, recovering rate, recyclability rate, recoverability rate than RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification). Also, users can immediately recognize production and disposal information by a QR code application in a smartphone.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1524-1530
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• 2018

In this paper, we designed a product that can prevent environmental pollution, waste of resources, and leakage of foreign currency by commercializing a green IT solution by merging a used smart phone with the IoT object communication technology for the first time in the world. For the experiment of the designed system, various performance and communication condition was experimented by installing it in the actual crop cultivation facility. As a result, when a problem occurs, the alarm sound and video notification are generated by the user's smart phone, and remote control of various installed devices and data analysis in real time are possible. In this study, it is thought that the terminal management board developed for the utilization of the used smart phone can be applied to various fields such as agriculture and environment.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.76-83
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• 2018

This article aims to summarize the scrap recycling status of gold, silver, platinum and palladium from foreign countries by courntires and industries in order to utilize the data for securing the raw materials of the domestic urbanmining industry. The amount of gold from scrap has shown a tendency to decrease in countries other than China, which is attributed to the large imports of scrap containing gold in China. The industry demand for gold is the highest in electronic products, but demand is decreasing. The amount of scrap recycling in silver has declined in other regions compared to those in Europe, indicating that the world's overall scrap recycling volume has declined. Production and demand from scrap of platinum and palladium are mostly for catalysts and have been steadily increasing until now. However, it is expected that the amount of waste catalysts in automobiles will decrease with the increase of electric vehicle use.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.161-167
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• 2019

Recently, demand forecasting techniques have been actively studied due to interest in stable power supply with surging power demand, and increase in spread of smart meters that enable real-time power measurement. In this study, we proceeded the deep learning prediction model experiments which learns actual measured power usage data of home and outputs the forecasting result. And we proceeded pre-processing with moving average method. The predicted value made by the model is evaluated with the actual measured data. Through this forecasting, it is possible to lower the power supply reserve ratio and reduce the waste of the unused power. In this paper, we conducted experiments on three types of networks: Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and we evaluate the results of each scheme. Evaluation is conducted with following method: MSE(Mean Squared Error) method and MAE(Mean Absolute Error).

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.83-89
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• 2020

For the past few decades, as part of efforts to protect the environment where fossil fuels, which have been a key energy resource for mankind, are becoming increasingly depleted and pollution due to industrial development, ecofriendly secondary batteries, hydrogen generating energy devices, energy storage systems, and many other new energy technologies are being developed. Among them, the lithium-ion battery (LIB) is considered to be a next-generation energy device suitable for application as a large-capacity battery and capable of industrial application due to its high energy density and long lifespan. However, considering the growing battery market such as eco-friendly electric vehicles and drones, it is expected that a large amount of battery waste will spill out from some point due to the end of life. In order to prepare for this situation, development of a process for recovering lithium and various valuable metals from waste batteries is required, and at the same time, a plan to recycle them is socially required. In this study, we introduce a nanoscale pattern transfer printing (NTP) process of Li2CO3, a representative anode material for lithium ion batteries, one of the strategic materials for recycling waste batteries. First, Li2CO3 powder was formed by pressing in a vacuum, and a 3-inch sputter target for very pure Li2CO3 thin film deposition was successfully produced through high-temperature sintering. The target was mounted on a sputtering device, and a well-ordered Li2CO3 line pattern with a width of 250 nm was successfully obtained on the Si substrate using the NTP process. In addition, based on the nTP method, the periodic Li2CO3 line patterns were formed on the surfaces of metal, glass, flexible polymer substrates, and even curved goggles. These results are expected to be applied to the thin films of various functional materials used in battery devices in the future, and is also expected to be particularly helpful in improving the performance of lithium-ion battery devices on various substrates.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.37-58
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• 2001

This study placed its objectives in suggesting the basic data for setting up an approach to protect the educational environment, by analyzing the relevance between the misconducts of adolescence and the harmful environment around the school, as an object of study, middle school students and high school students all over the country. Thus, this study carried out the questionnaire survey, by the multi-stage of stratified sampling in 2,114 middle school and high school students from June 29, 2000 through July 29, 2000. And the results of analysis were as follows: 1. In case of the ratio of students using harmful environment, the electronic game room had the highest ratio (78.3％); next, the PC room (75.6％), the singing room (71.6％), and the cartoon room (34.3％). 2. In terms of the experiences of using the harmful environment according to the personal characteristics, high school students used it in a higher ratio, compared with middle school students (p〈0.001); the students, whose father graduated from a high school, comparatively used it much more(p〈0.05). Also, when a school is located near to amusement quarters or shopping centers, students used the harmful environment most highly (p〈0.001). And the differences were found to be statistically significant. 3. In case of the perceived susceptibility factors, the harmful environment was found to be used in lower ratio, by the students who answered “very so” to the question item, The more harmful environment facilities are positioned around school, the more student have the opportunities to use them. (p〈0.001). That is, the findings showed that the higher students' degree of perceived susceptibility factors was the less students used harmful environment facilities. The differences were statistically significant. In terms of the ratio of using harmful environment according to perceived seriousness factors, it was founded out that the students, who answered, “If I use any harmful environment facilities, it will be very harmful to myself.”. had the less opportunities of having used them, compared with the students who did not answer so (p〈0.001). This indicated that the higher the degrees perceived seriousness of students, the less they used harmful environment facilities. And the differences were statistically significant. In the side of the ratio of using harmful environment according to the perceived barriers, it was found out that there were any special large differences. That is, perceived barriers had nothing to do with students' using harmful environment. 4. As the result of having analyzed the factors influencing the behaviors of using harmful environment, the factor to explain the behaviors of using harmful environment was found to be the degree of perceived seriousness, among individual perceiving factors; next, the location of a school - one of personal characteristics, the degree of perceived susceptibility and ages, m sequence. 5. Among students' misconduct experiences, drinking was highest (21.6％), next, smoking (11.9％), drug abuse (4.3％), and sexual relations (1.6％), In sequence. Among other problematic behaviors, excessive waste was highest (14.6％); next, disobedience and lie (10.7％), night wandering (7.8％), and bad dressing and making-up (5.5％), in sequence. 6. In terms of the misconducts according to the behaviors of using harmful environment, compared with the students who did not commit any misconducts, harmful environment facilities were used more highly, by each group of students who experienced drinking (p〈0.00l), smoking (p〈0.001), sexual relations (p〈0.05), excessive waste (p〈0.001), disobedience ＆ lie (p〈0.001), and bad dressing ＆ making-up (p〈0.05). And the differences were statistically significant.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.457-465
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• 2013

This study discussed the influence of mixtures and curing conditions on the development of strength and microstructure of RPC using ternary pozzolanic materials. Through pilot experiment, various RPC was manufactured by adding single or mixed ternary pozzolanic materials such as silica fume, blast furnace slag and fly ash by mass of cement, up to 0~65%, and cured by using 4 types of method which are water and air-dried curing at $20^{\circ}C$, steam and hot-water curing at $90^{\circ}C$. The results show that the use of ternary pozzolanic materials and a suitable curing method are an effective method for improving development of strength and microstructure of RPC. The unit volume of cement was greatly reduced in RPC with ternary pozzolanic materials and unlike hydration reaction in cement, the pozzolanic reaction noticeably contributes to a reduction in hydration heat and dry shrinkage. A considerable improvement was found in the flexural strength of RPC using ternary pozzolanic materials, and then the utilization of a structural member subjected to bending was expected. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) revealed that the microstructure of RPC was denser by using the ternary pozzolanic materials than the original RPC containing silica fume only.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.26-36
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• 2009

A recovery process of Ruthenium from waste electronic scrap has been investigated by means of nitric acid leaching as a part of development for scrap pretreatment process to obtaining an optimum conditions for removal of removing various impurities such as Pb, Bi, Zn, Al, Bi, Ag Fe, Co, Zr, Si. From the experiments, 90% of Pb leached with 250 g/l pulp density in 10-15% nitric acid. Leaching behavior of Ba was also similar to that of the Pb, but those of other metal impurities, such as Zn, Al, Bi, Ag, Fe, Co, Zr, showed different behavior, in which the dissolution rate increased as the concentration of nitric acid in solution is increased up to the 10% $HNO_3$ in solution and then it was constant above 10% $HNO_3$ concentrations. Meanwhile, the dissolution of Ru in $HNO_3$ solution was less then 100ppm, and that the total content of Ru in undissolved residue scrap was resulted in an increment of 50%.