• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.209-225
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• 2020

Purpose: Marginal bone loss (MBL) is an important clinical issue in implant therapy. One feature that has been cited as a contributing factor to this bone loss is peri-implant mucosal thickness. Therefore, in this report, we conducted a systematic review of the literature comparing bone remodeling around implants placed in areas with thick (≥2-mm) vs. thin (<2-mm) mucosa. Methods: A PICO question was defined. Manual and electronic searches were performed of the MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Oral Health Group databases. The inclusion criteria were prospective studies that documented soft tissue thickness with direct intraoperative measurements and that included at least 1 year of follow-up. When possible, a meta-analysis was performed for both the overall and subgroup analyses. Results: Thirteen papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of 7 randomized clinical trials was conducted. Significantly less bone loss was found around implants with thick mucosa than around those with thin mucosa (difference, -0.53 mm; P<0.0001). Subgroups were analyzed regarding the apico-coronal positioning, the use of platform-matched vs. platform-switched (PS) connections, and the use of cement-retained vs. screw-retained prostheses. In these analyses, thick mucosa was found to be associated with significantly less MBL than thin mucosa (P<0.0001). Among non-matching (PS) connections and screw-retained prostheses, bone levels were not affected by mucosal thickness. Conclusions: Soft tissue thickness was found to be correlated with MBL except in cases of PS connections used on implants with thin tissues and screw-retained prostheses. Mucosal thickness did not affect implant survival or the occurrence of biological or aesthetic complications.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.26.1-26.10
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• 2018

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical, biological, and esthetic stability of a zirconium abutment according to evidence-based dentistry. Main text: An electronic search was performed. Domestic studies were found using the keywords "zirconia abutments" and "zirconium abutment" in KMbase, KoreaMed, and the National Assembly Library, and international studies were found using the same keywords in PubMed. All identified studies were divided by evidence level from the viewpoint of the research type utilizing the evidence-based review manual. A total of 102 domestic studies (with Korean language) were found, and 9 of these studies were selected. In these nine studies, 3 had evidence level 3 and 6 had evidence level 4. A total of 97 international studies (with English language) were found, and 19 were selected. Among these 19 studies, 5 had evidence level 2 and 7 had evidence level 3, whereas the remainder had evidence level 4. According to the studies, zirconium abutments are mechanically, biologically, and esthetically stable, but the evidence level of these studies is low, and the follow-up duration is no longer than 5 years. Conclusions: All examined studies verified the mechanical stability of zirconium abutments for a period no longer than 5 years. Therefore, a long-term clinical observation is needed. Zirconium abutments are thought to be biologically stable, but they are not superior to titanium abutments. As the esthetic stability of such abutments had a low evidence level in the studies that examined here, a much higher evidence level is needed.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to investigate conservative treatment of pelvic fracture, and report that Korean rehabilitation treatment is effective for pelvic fracture. We reported a case about pelvic fracture treated with Korean rehabilitation treatment. We searched 10 domestic electronic databases to find reports on conservative treatment of pelvic fracture. We selected and analyzed 12 studies. In this case, pain, range of motion, and Oswestry Disability Index of patient were improved by Korean rehabilitation treatment. In analysis, traction, pelvic sling, hip spica cast, pelvic belt, medication are used in western medical treatment. Acupuncture, herbal medicine, cupping, moxibustion, physical therapy, manual therapy are used in Korean medical treatment. Most of conservative treatments are effective for pain, bone union, osteoporosis, dysfunction. In this study, we expect further study of Korean rehabilitation treatment program for pelvic fracture to compensate existing conservative treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.26.1-26.18
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review the pain and flare-up effects of calcium hydroxide (CH) as intracanal medication (ICM) in non-vital mature teeth. Materials and Methods: Electronic-databases searching for published and grey literature and manual searching were conducted. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included comparing CH to other ICMs in non-vital mature teeth. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 Cochrane tool. The main outcomes were pain and flare-up. Qualitative and quantitative analysis, wherever applicable, was performed. The certainty of evidence (CoE) was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: Sixteen articles were included in 6 comparisons at different time points for different outcomes. CH reduced pain risk than no ICM within the 1-14-days interval (p < 0.05) and than triple-antibiotic paste within the first day (p < 0.05) and was similar to corticosteroid/antibiotics combination (p > 0.05). Chlorhexidine (CHX) or CH/CHX, however, reduced pain levels than CH alone (p < 0.05). CH showed higher flare-up risk than CHX (p < 0.05). CoE, however, ranged from very low to moderate. Conclusion: Most comparisons for different outcomes are based on very few studies, mostly low-powered, with an overall low CoE. Thus, the available evidence is considered insufficient to either support or refute CH effectiveness or to recommend one ICM over another. Therefore, further well-designed, larger RCTs are required.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.6
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• pp.753-760
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• 2001

Design Patterns are design knowledge for solving issues related to extensibility and maintainability which are independent from problems concerned by application, but despite vast interest in design pattern, the specification and application of patterns is generally assumed to rely on manual implementation. As a result, we need to spend a lot of time to develop software program not only because of being difficult to analyze and apply to a consistent pattern, but also because of happening the frequent programing faults. In this paper, we propose a notation using XML for describing design pattern and a framework using design pattern. We will also suggest a source code generation support system, and show a example of the application through this notation and the application framework. We may construct more stable system and be generated a compact source code to a user based on the application of structured documentations with XML.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2006

Since the late 1920's possibility of commercial hydroponics was testified practically. Hydroponics is used as environmentally friendly agriculture production system recently with high effectiveness. Now that existing irrigation control systems such as time control or solar radiation control cannot satisfy stable water content in root substrates, the needs for new irrigation system keep increasing. In this paper, we proposed environmentally friendly automatic irrigation management system by employing automation system based on electronic control system, which could solve problems based on manual irrigation management system. In addition, it suggested to be applied to any crops and will be able to overcome existing limit in irrigation by measuring the water content of root substrate in realtime.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.93-108
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• 2012

Objectives : This study aims to review randomized controlled trials on acupuncture for shoulder pain according to Jadad Scale and revised STRICTA. Methods : Seven electronic databases including PUBMED, SCOPUS, RISS were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) of acupuncture for shoulder pain. Results : 16 RCTs were included: 14 were published in English and 2 were published in Korean. According to Jadad scale, 15 RCTs had high quality. However, most of the studies could not meet the double blindness criteria. All RCTs meet 12.9 items on average in STRICTA. Conclusions : This systematic review shows four conclusions as follows. Traditional Chinese Medicine is often used in style of acupuncture. Spots of LI15, TE14, GB21 and LI11, stainless steel needle($0.3mm{\times}40mm$), 20 retention time, manual stimulation, $Deqi$, and 2 times a week treatment (total 12) are often used. Double-blinded clinical trials needs to be conducted. It is controversial to use minimal acupunctures on controlled groups of RCTs on acupuncture for shoulder pain. Description about practitioner's background needs clarifying.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.4 no.12
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• pp.391-398
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• 2015

This paper devises a performance improvement and evaluation process of circuit minimization algorithms for mentorship education of distinguished informatics gifted secondary students. In the process, students learn that there are several alternative equivalent circuits for a target function and recognize the necessity for formalized circuit minimization methods. Firstly, they come at the concept of circuit minimization principle from Karnaugh Map which is a manual methodology. Secondly, they explore Quine-McCluskey algorithm which is a computational methodology. Quine-McCluskey algorithm's time complexity is high because it uses set operations. To improve the performance of Quine-McCluskey algorithm, we encourage them to adopt a bit-wise data structure instead of integer array for sets. They will eventually see that the performance achievement is about 36%. The ultimate goal of the process is to enlarge gifted students' interest and integrated knowledge about computer science encompassing electronic switches, logic gates, logic circuits, programming languages, data structures and algorithms.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2019

The relative position of the orbital eye can be a criterion for evaluating several pathological conditions. It is especially useful to diagnose orbital fractures, thyroid eye disease, orbital tumors and to evaluate the outcome of medication and surgical treatment. Hertel and Naugle are representative measurement tools used to measure eyeball protrusion values, and have different measurement results, such as fixed orbits, every time they are inspected, even if the same inspector repeatedly measures them. Even with the same calibrator, it is inevitable that different manufacturers will change the design of the stationary part of the orbit, causing the surveyor to make a measurement error. In this paper, we designed and fabricated a protrusion measuring device using a white light interferometer and measured the protrusion of the human eye and found that the precision and repeatability were significantly higher than the manual measurement method.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.241-253
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• 2019

This study evaluated and compared the donor site morbidity following minimally invasive and conventional open harvesting of iliac bone for secondary alveolar bone grafting in cleft palate patients. A thorough electronic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and an institutional library and manual search of various journals was done; Inclusion criteria: 1) full-text articles using a minimally invasive or conventional open harvesting technique for iliac bone for secondary alveolar grafting in cleft palate patients and 2) articles published between January 1, 2001 and June 30, 2017 and Exclusion criteria: 1) articles published in languages other than English, 2) case reports, case series, animal studies, in vitro studies, and letters to the editor, and 3) full-text article unavailable even after writing to the authors. Preliminary screening of 274 studies excluded 223 studies for not meeting the eligibility criteria. Of the remaining 51 studies, 19 were removed for being duplicates. Of the remaining 32 studies, 15 were excluded after reading the abstract. Of the 17 studies that were left, 2 were excluded because they were in a language other than English, and 2 were excluded because the study group did not mention cleft palate patients. Thus, 13 studies providing results for a total of 654 patients were included in this qualitative synthesis. Minimally invasive bone graft harvest techniques are better than the conventional open iliac bone harvest method because they offer shorter operative time, decreased requirement for pain medications, less pain on discharge, and a shorter hospital stay.