• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.196.2-196.2
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• 2015

There are various issues fabricating the successful and efficient solar cell structures. One of the most important issues is band alignment technique. The solar cells make the carrier in their active region over the p-n junction. Then, electrons and holes diffuse by minority carrier diffusion length. After they reach the edge of solar cells, there exist large energy barrier unless the good electrode are chosen. Many various conductor with different work functions can be selected to solve this energy barrier problem to efficiently extract carriers. Tungsten oxide has large band gap known as approximately 3.4 eV, and usually this material shows n-type property with reported work function of 6.65 eV. They are extremely high work function and trap level by oxygen vacancy cause them to become the hole extraction layer for optical devices like solar cells. In this study, we deposited tungsten oxide thin films by sputtering technique with various sputtering conditions. Their electrical contact properties were characterized with transmission line model pattern. The structure of tungsten oxide thin films were measured by x-ray diffraction. With x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the content of oxygen was investigated, and their defect states were examined by spectroscopic ellipsometry, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and photoluminescence measurements.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1255-1260
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• 2003

Plasma-photocatalytic oxidation process was applied in the decomposition of Triethylamine(TEA) and Methyl ethyl ketone(MEK). Plasma reactor was made entirely of pyrex glass and consists of 24mm inner diameter, 1,800mm length and discharge electrode of 0.4mm stainless steel. And initial concentrations of TEA and MEK for plasma-photocatalytic oxidation are 100 ppm. Odor gas samples were taken by gas-tight syringe from a glass sampling bulb which was located at reactor inlet and outlet, and TEA and MEK were determined by GC-FID. For plasma process, the decomposition efficiency of TEA and MEK were evaluated by varying different flowrates and decomposition efficiency of TEA and MEK increased considerably with decreasing treatment flowrates. For photocatalytic oxidation process, also the decomposition efficiency of TEA and MEK increased considerably with decreasing treatment flowrates. The decomposition efficiency of MEK was 57.8％, 34.2％, 18.8％ respectively and the decomposition efficiency of TEA was reached all 100％. This result is higher than that of plasma process only, From this study, the results indicate that plasma-photocatalytic oxidation process is ideal for treatment of TEA and MEK.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.1568-1569
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• 2011

최근 기후변화로 인해 낙뢰의 발생빈도가 크게 증가하고 있으며 이에 따라 피뢰시스템의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 피뢰시스템의 원활한 기능을 수행하기 위해 접지시스템의 성능이 보장되어야 하며, 접지전극은 뇌격전류를 안전하게 대지로 방류시켜야 한다. 본 논문에서는 피뢰시스템에서 가장 흔하게 사용되는 수직접지전극을 대상으로 서지전류가 인가되었을 때 접지전극이 묻힌 대지저항률, 접지전극의 길이, 서지 전류의 파두시간 등에 따른 규약접지임피던스를 측정하고 그 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 대지저항률이 높은 토양과 접지전극의 길이가 짧은 경우 접지임피던스가 감소하는 용량성 특성이 지배적으로 나타나며, 대지저항률이 작고 접지전극의 길이가 긴 경우 접지임피던스가 증가하는 유도성 특성이 지배적으로 나타났다. 따라서 피뢰시스템을 위한 접지시스템 설계 시 대지저항률 및 접지전극의 길이를 고려하여 유도성 특성을 최소화 할 수 있도록 설계해야 한다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.169-172
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• 2008

We attempted to fabricate carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNT-FET) using single walled carbon nanotube(SWNT) on the heavily doped Si substrate used as a bottom gate, source and drain electrode were fabricated bye-beam lithography on the 500 nm thick $SiO_2$ gate dielectric layer. We investigated electrical and physical properties of this CNT-FET using Scanning Probe Microscope(SPM) and conventional method based on tungsten probe tip technique. The gate length of CNT-FET was 600 nm and the diameter of identified SWNT was about 4 nm. We could observed gating effect and typical p-MOS property from the obtained $V_G-I_{DS}$ curve. The threshold voltage of CNT-FET is about -4.6V and transconductance is 47 nS. In the physical aspect, we could identified SWNT with phase mode of SPM which detecting phase shift by force gradient between cantilever tip and sample surface.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1487_1488
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• 2009

In these days, the common grounding systems are adapted in most large structures. In order to evaluate the performance of grounding system, it is needed to measure ground impedance. Measuring methods of ground impedance for a large scale grounding systems have not been yet presented in detail. In this paper, we analyze earth mutual resistance and mutual coupling of $15{\times}15m$ grounding grid in different arrangements of auxiliary electrode. As a results, the auxiliary electrodes are installed where the error rate due to earth mutual resistance is less than 5%. Also, the potential lead is installed at obtuse angle from the current lead and the overlapped length between potential lead and grounding grid are minimized.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.98.2-98.2
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• 2011

For optimal performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) requires hydration, and the membrane's conductivity depends on water content. A humidifier is required to ensure that the reactant gas, usually hydrogen and air, is hydrated before entering the fuel cell. Dry membrane operation or improper hydration causes performance degradation. Typically, the humidification of a fuel cell is carried out by means of an internal or external humidifier. A membrane humidifier is applied to the external humidification of transportation or residential power generation fuel cell due to its convenience and high performance. In this study, The experiments were constructed with a plate-type membrane humidifier in terms of geometric parameters and operating parameters. The results show that the temperature and pressure, the channel length, the membrane thickness and gas flow rate are critical parameters affecting the performance of the humidifier.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.83-91
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• 2011

Even if smoke, fumes, mist or dust particles are removed by electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), the occurrence of ozone, which is harmful to human body, has to be severely restricted in the indoor environments of hospitals, offices, and workshops. Therefore, the two-stage ESP generating positive corona at the ionizer is typically used because it creates less ozone than the two-stage ESP generating negative corona at the ionizer. In order to predict the collection performance and the optimal design of the two-stage ESP applied to positive high-voltage, particle concentration is experimentally investigated in this paper. In addition, particle motion within the collector section is also numerically analyzed. The positive corona discharge current of the ionizer is found to be affected by the applied voltage in the collector section but less so by the particle concentration. Particle concentration shows a minimum near the high voltage electrode of the collector section. The minimum value of the collection efficiency is almost proportional to gas velocity. When the collector length decreases, the minimum value of the collection efficiency increases. Charged particles entering the collector region are linearly deflected towards the grounded plate by an electric field. From the above experimental and numerical results, two empirical equations on the concentration ratio and the collection efficiency are derived, and are in good agreement with the experimental data.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.313-317
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• 2007

In-situ micro-channeled multi tubular solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) was fabricated using multi-pass extrusion process with out side diameter of 2.7 mm and active length of 5 mm that contained 61 individual cells. Cell materials used in this work were NiO-YSZ (50 : 50 vol.%), 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia(8YSZ), $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}MnO_3(LSM)$ as anode, electrolyte, and cathode, respectively. The arrangement of each electrode and electrolyte layer in green bodies showed uniformity and integrity after extrusion and sintering. The XRD analysis confirmed that no reaction phases appeared and the microstructure of the electrolyte was fairly dense (relative density > 96%) after sintering.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.33A no.7
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• pp.176-184
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• 1996

To overcome the drawbacks of conventional LDMOSFETs, we propose RESURF EDMOSFETs which can be adapted in varous circuit applications, be driven without charge pumping circuity and thowe threshold voltage can be adjusted. The devices have the diffused drift region formed by a high tmperature process before the gate oxidaton. After the polysilicon gate electrode formation, a fraction of the drift region around the gate edge is opened for supplemental self-aligned ion implantation to obtain self-aligned drift region. This leads to a shorter gate length and desirable drift region junction contour under the gate edge for minimum specific-on-resistance. In additon, a and maximize the breakdown voltage. Also, by biasing the metal field plate, we can reduce the specific-on-resistance further. The devices are optimized by using the TSUPREM-4 process simulator and the MEDICI device simulator. The optimized devices have the breakdwon voltage and the specific-on-resistance of 101.5V and 1.14m${\Omega}{\cdot}cm^{2}$, respectively for n-channel RESURF EDMOSFET, and 98V and 2.75m.ohm..cm$^{2}$ respectively for p-channel RESURF EDMOSFET. To check the validity of the simulations, we fabricated n-channel EDMOSFETs and confirmed the measured breakdown voltage of 97V and the specific-on-resistance of 1.28m${\Omega}{\cdot}cm^{2}$. These results are superior to those of any other reported power devices for smart power IC applications.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1995.11a
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• pp.435-437
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• 1995

It is important to understand tile behaviours of tile high pressure DC glow discharge with a micro gap inside a pixel of the plasmas display panel. We prepared a narrow gap discharge system and have measured electron temperature and density by means of double probe methods in high pressure which was between 100torr and 200torr. And the electrode gap was 7mm. When the pressure varied from 100torr to 200torr, the negative glow was created at a distance less than 1mm from the cathode. And the length of the faraday dark space decreased from 8mm to 5mm. Hence probe measurements was mainly, performed in the region of the Faraday dark space. The dependence of electron temperature and density on the pressure and current density was same with that of the general flow discharge, i.e. as the pressure increased the electron temperature decreased and the density increased. But the spatial electron density distribution in the Faraday dark space was highly distorted because of the effect of high pressure.