• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1225-1234
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• 2009

The aim of this research was to apply experimental design methodology in the optimization condition of electrochemical oxidation of Rhodamine B(RhB). The reactions of electrochemical oxidation were mathematically described as a function of parameters amounts of current, NaCl dosage, pH and time being modeled by the use of the central composite design, which was used for fitting quadratic response surface model. The application of response surface methodology using central composite design(CCD) technique yielded the following regression equation, which is an empirical relationship between the removal efficiency of RhB and test variable in actual variables: RhB removal (%) = 3.977 + 23.279$\cdot$Current + 49.124$\cdot$NaCI - 5.539$\cdot$pH - 8.863$\cdot$time - 22.710$\cdot$Current$\cdot$NaCl + 5.409$\cdot$Current$\cdot$time + 2.390$\cdot$NaCl$\cdot$time + 1.061$\cdot$pH$\cdot$time - $0.570{\cdot}time^2$. The model predicted also agree with the experimentally observed result($R^2$ = 91.9%).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.999-1007
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• 2013

Electrochemical degradation of phenol was evaluated at DSA (dimensionally stable anode), JP202 (Ru, 25%; Ir, 25%; other, 50%) electrode for being a treatment method in non-biodegradable organic compounds such as phenol. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of applied current (1.0~4.0 A), electrolyte type (NaCl, KCl, $Na_2SO_4$, $H_2SO_4$) and concentration (0.5~3.0 g/L), initial phenol concentration (12.5~100.0 mg/L) on phenol degradation and $UV_{254}$ absorbance as indirect indicator of by-product degraded phenol. It was found that phenol concentration decreased from around 50 mg/L to zero after 10 min of electrolysis with 2.5 g/L NaCl as supporting electrolyte at the current of 3.5 A. Although phenol could be completely electrochemical degraded by JP202 anode, the degradation of phenol COD was required oxidation time over 60 min due to the generation of by-products. $UV_{254}$ absorbance can see the impact of as an indirect indicator of the creation and destruction of by-product. The initial removal rate of phenol is 5.63 times faster than the initial COD removal rate.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.143-146
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• 2007

Birnessite-type manganese dioxide($MnO_2$) was coated uniformly onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through a spontaneous direct redox reaction between CNTs and permanganate ions($MnO_4\;^-$). The initial specific capacitance of the $MnO_2/CNT$ nanocomposite in an organic electrolyte at a large current density of 1 A/g was 250 F/g, which is equivalent to 139 mAh/g based on the total weight of the electrode material including the electroactive material, conducting agent and binder. The specific capacitance of the $MnO_2$ in the $MnO_2/CNT$ nanocomposite was as high as 580 F/g (320 mAh/g), indicating excellent electrochemical utilization of the $MnO_2$. The addition of CNTs as a conducting agent can improve the high rate capability of $MnO_2/CNT$ nanocomposite considerably. An analysis of the in-situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) showed an improvement in the structural and electrochemical reversibility of the $MnO_2/CNT$ nanocomposite by heat-treatment.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 2016

Carbon-supported ordered Pt-Ti alloy nanoparticles were prepared as a durable and efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) via wet chemical reduction of Pt and Ti precursors with heat treatment at $800^{\circ}C$. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the prepared electrocatalysts with Ti precursor molar compositions of 40% (PtTi40) and 25% (PtTi25) had ordered $Pt_3Ti$ and $Pt_8Ti$ structures, respectively. Comparison of the ORR polarization before and after 1500 electrochemical cycles between 0.6 and 1.1 V showed little change in the ORR polarization curve of the electrocatalysts, demonstrating the high stability of the PtTi40 and PtTi25 alloys. Under the same conditions, commercial carbon-supported Pt nanoparticle electrocatalysts exhibited a negative potential shift (10 mV) in the ORR polarization curve after electrochemical cycling, indicating degradation of the ORR activity.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 2020

Copper has been proved to be the best catalyst for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction, however, for optimal efficiency and selectivity, its performance requires improvements. Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (RR) using CuO nanowire electrode was performed with different concentrations of KHCO3 electrolyte (0.1 M, 0.5 M, and 1 M). Cu(OH)2 was formed on Cu foil, followed by thermal-treatment at 200℃ under the air atmosphere for 2 hrs to transform it to the crystalline phase of CuO. We evaluated the effects of different KHCO3 electrolyte concentrations on electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (RR) using the CuO nanowire electrode. At a constant current (5mA), low concentrated bicarbonate exhibited a more negative potential -0.77 V vs. Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE) (briefly abbreviated as VRHE), while the negative potential reduced to -0.33 VRHE in the high concentration of bicarbonate solution. Production of H2 and CH4 increased with an increased concentration of electrolyte (KHCO3). CH4 production efficiency was high at low negative potential whereas HCOOH was not influenced by bicarbonate concentration. Our study provides insights into efficient, economically viable, and sustainable methods of mitigating the harmful environmental effects of CO2 emission.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2022

There is an increasing interest in monitoring of specific biomarker for determining progression of a disease or efficacy of a treatment. Conventional method for quantification of specific biomarkers as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has high material costs, long incubation periods, requires large volume of samples and involves special instruments, which necessitates clinical samples to be sent to a lab. This paper reports on the development of an electrochemical biosensor to measure total immunoglobulin E (IgE), a marker of asthma disease that varies with age, gender, and disease in concentrations from 0.3-1000 ng/mL with consuming 20 µL volume of whole blood sample. The sensor provides rapid, accurate, easy, point-of-care measurement of IgE, also, sequential monitoring of total IgE with ovalbumin (OVA) induced mice is another application of sensor. Taken together, these results provide an alternative way for detection of biomarkers in whole blood with low volumes and long-term ex-vivo assessments for understanding the progression of a disease.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.171-183
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• 2022

The performance and inhibitory action of the aqueous extract of Cyperus Conglomeratus's leaves against corrosion of XC70 steel in a 1M HCl acid medium are studied by the determination of the weight loss, the potentiodynamic polarization curves analysis, and electrochemical impedance measurements (electrochemical techniques). The corrosion inhibitory efficiency of XC70 steel increases with the increasing concentration of the green inhibitor, however, the corrosion rate of the steel decreases. Weight loss measurements show that the maximum percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency is approximately 61.86%, while the analysis of the mixed character polarization curves shows that the inhibitor could achieve an inhibition efficiency of 86.96%. The electrochemical impedance study confirmed that the value of the charge transfer resistance (R_ct) increases and the value of the double layer capacity (C_dl) decreases with increasing concentration of the aqueous extract of Cyperus Conglomeratus's leaves, thus increasing the inhibition efficiency. The study showed that this aqueous extract acts by adsorption on the metal surface; this adsorption follows the Langmuir isotherm. This research work showed that Cyperus Conglomeratus leaves extract acts as an effective and eco-friendly inhibitor on mild steel in an acid medium.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.986-992
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• 2007

This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of carbon films pyrolyzed with various photoresists for bioMEMS applications. To verify the usefulness of pyrolyzed carbon films as an electrode material in an electrochemical biosensor developed by the authors, interactions between avidin and biotin on the pyrolyzed carbon film were studied via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy based on electrostatic interactions between avidin and negatively-charged ferricyanide. The pyrolyzed carbon films were characterized using a surface profiler, a precision semiconductor parameter analyzer, a nanoindentor, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Amine conjugated biotin was immobilized on the electrode using EDC/NHS as crosslinkers after $O_2$ plasma treatment to enhance functional groups on the carbon electrode pyrolyzed at $1000^{\circ}C$ with AZ9260. The detection of avidin binding with different concentrations in a range of 0.75 nM to $7.5\;{\mu}M$ to the pyrolyzed carbon electrode modified with biotin was carried out by measuring the electrochemical impedance change. The results show that avidin binds to the biotin on the electrode not by non-specific interaction but by specific interaction, and that EIS successfully detects this binding event. Pyrolyzed carbon films are a promising material for miniaturization, integration, and low-cost fabrication in electrochemical biosensors.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.112-125
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• 2021

The new emerging "High entropy materials" attract the attention of the scientific society because of their simpler structure and spectacular applications in many fields. A novel nanocrystalline high entropy (Be,Mg,Ca,Sr,Zn,Ni)3O4 oxide has been successfully synthesized through mechanochemical treatment followed by sintering and air quenching. The present research work focuses on the possibility of single-phase formation in the aforementioned high entropy oxide despite the great difference in the atomic sizes of reactant alkaline earth and 3d transition metal oxides. Structural properties of (Be,Mg,Ca,Sr,Zn,Ni)3O4 high entropy oxide were explored by confirmation of its single-phase Fd-3m spinel structure by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Further, nanocrystalline nature and morphology were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Among thermal properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the (Be,Mg,Ca,Sr,Zn,Ni)3O4 high entropy oxide is thermally stable up to a temperature of 1200℃. Whereas phase evolution in (Be,Mg,Ca,Sr,Zn,Ni)3O4 high entropy oxide before and after sintering was analyzed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Electrochemical studies of (Be,Mg,Ca,Sr,Zn,Ni)3O4 high entropy oxide consists of a comparison of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of water and hydrazine hydrate oxidation. Values of activation energy for water oxidation (9.31 kJ mol-1) and hydrazine hydrate oxidation (13.93 kJ mol-1) reveal that (Be,Mg,Ca,Sr,Zn,Ni)3O4 high entropy oxide is catalytically more active towards water oxidation as compared to that of hydrazine hydrate oxidation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is also performed to get insight into the kinetics of both types of reactions.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.627-632
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• 2010

In this paper the effect of the structure, particle size, morphology of nanofibers and nanoparticles for the electrochemical characteristics of $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ was investigated. The $H_2Ti_2O_5{\cdot}H_2O$ synthesized in hydrothermal treatment from a NaOH treatment on $TiO_2$ by ion exchange processing with HCl solutions. After the $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ nanofibers synthesized in hydrothermal treatment of $H_2Ti_2O_5{\cdot}H_2O$ and $LiOH{\cdot}H_2O$. The hydrogen titanate precursor prepared by ion exchange processing with 0.1~0.3M HCl solutions and the final products calcined at $350^{\circ}C{\sim}400^{\circ}C$. The $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ nanofibers showed well reversibility during the insertion and extraction of Li, good cycle performance, high capacity and low electrochemical reaction resistance than nanoparticles. also c-rate exhibited a discharge capacity of 172 mAh/g at 0.2C and 115mAh/g at 5C, which is the 77%, 67% of that obtained in the process charged, discharged at 0.2C.