• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.193-204
• /
• 2009

Although the majority of elderly are residentially stable, many western studies have recently reported that there has been a gradual growth of retirement migration. However, little is known about that in Korea. Therefore, this study intended to examine the trend and nature of elderly migration. For this purpose, inter- and intra-province migration among the aged 65 and over were analyzed, using the migration data of the Korea National Statistical Office, compiled from the 2000 and 2006 resident registration records. The results were as follows. First, there was an increase of elderly migrants to 531 thousand persons in 2006 from 383 thousand persons in 2000. Secondly, the migration rate of elderly has steadily grown with a 11.7% in 2000 and 12% in 2006. Also, the move of female among old population was active but this trend tended to decrease in 2006. Thirdly, the number of provinces which showed a positive net inter-province migration of old population increased from 7 provinces in 2000 to 8 provinces in 2006. Fourthly, we found that the destinations of elderly migrants were mostly neighboring province except the Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Jeju. These results suggested that elderly migration would be expected to increase gradually and be important in the future of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2004

An areal elderly migration model (AEMM) was developed to assess the demand of rural development projects targeted towards elderly people. The AEMM was developed with adaptation of the gravity model to represent spatial interaction regarding amenities. Areal characteristics were classified for estimating the amenities from the perspective of net migration. From 1990 to 2000, data were acquired from USCB, PASDA, PAHEALTH, PADCNR, PFBC, and NCDC in 67 Pennsylvania counties for analysis and application. The results revealed that elderly migration can be explained not only by areal characteristics but also by spatial interaction considering the population, distances, and amenities of surrounding areas.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-33
• /
• 2011

In-migration has long been recognized as on important factor in rural development. Its impact can be expected to increase even further as the elderly population continues to grow. Recently with the retirement of baby boomers, postretirement moves have become increasingly important issue in rural Korea. Because the consequences of rural in-migration are often most pronounced at the local or regional level, rural planners are among the many scholars and practitioners seeking to understand the patterns and consequences of in-migration. At the same time, however, planners have sometimes overlooked basic research on the causes and determinants of mobility, and on the relationships between retirement migration and other socioeconomic processes. The papers aims to explore the reviews of rural in-migration studies and its practical implications, providing an interdisciplinary review of the most important studies published between 1990-2009. Through the literature review of in-migration, this study suggests that main arguments for rural in-imgration studies such as rural populations, counterurbanization, rural businesses incubator and rural amenity be emphasized to vitalize and diversify rural economies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.49-62
• /
• 2010

As people get aged, we need to pay more attention to the elderly living condition with respect to welfare policy. The present study focuses on housing condition of elderly people living in rural area, and analyzes its determinants, periodical difference, and regional disparities, incorporating an index of minimum housing standard. This study applies multi-level logit model that has a strong statistical advantage that can take random aspects of household and regional context into account. We found that married couple household, presence of economically-active family members, higher education, specialized profession, migration and higher level of land price tend to lower the probability of residing in substandard housings. We also found that housing conditions for elderly people prove to be different by regions and it is particularly noticeable in mountainous rural areas in Gyeongsangnam-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do with the poorest elderly housing conditions. Results also implies that housing welfare policies should be implemented differently considering the target groups based on regional differences. We conclude with some additional policy implications for the elderly living in rural areas.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.299-303
• /
• 2014

Demand of moving auxiliary equipment has increased recently to an increase in the elderly population. pedestrian demand is either moving auxiliary equipment are also increasing. regional migration, such as pedestrian and the elderly and patients is a device to support the sharing received walking the weight of inconvenient people. In this paper, by mounting the electric function to the current manual walking, to prepare the electric walking to support the user's walking. the design applies a lightweight folding structure so that it can be moved to a ride at long distances, were fabricated.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.34 no.7
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2018

In this study, it was started with the research for improving the housing plan of the elderly and the aged housing environment. The spatial extent of the study is in Haedoji Village, Yeongdo, Busan, and the time ranged from the mid-1950s, when the Korean war broke out and the refugees started to settle, to the present as of August 2017. As Result, the size of the residential space per capita was overcrowded at $9.2m^2$ in the 1970s and 1980s, when the number of families was high, but since 2010, the size of the residential space currently living alone with only one elderly or couple was $29.2m^2$. In the future, it can be judged that the size of elderly housing can be expected to be envisioned within about $35{\sim}40m^2$ in consideration of the diversity of housing including table space in the 2LDK type.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2000

This study is to investigate and analyze regional patterns of aging in Taejeon Metropolitan city-the overpopulated area of Choong-Cheong Province-by cohort analysis method. According to the population structure transition caused by rapid social and economic changes, Korea has made a rapid progress in population aging since 1970. This trend is so rapid that we should prepare for and cope with aging society. It is not only slow to cope with it in our society, but also there are few studies on population aging of the geographical field in Korea. The data of this study are the reports of Population and Housing Censuses in 1975 and 1985 and General Population and Housing Censuses with 10% sample survey in 1995 taken by National Statistical Office. The research method is to sample as the aging district the area with high aged population rate where the populations over 60 reside among total population during the years of 1975, 1985, 1995 and to sample the special districts of decreasing population where the population decreases very much and the special districts of increasing population in which the population increases greatly, presuming that the reason why aged population rate increases is that non-elderly population high in mobility moves out. It is then verified and ascertained whether it is true or not with cohort analysis method by age. Finally regional patterns in the city are found through the classification and modeling by type based on the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population, and the special districts of increasing population. The characteristics of the regional patterns show that there is social population transition and that non-elderly population moves out. The aging district with the high aged population rate is divided into high-level keeping-up type, relative falling type below the average of Taejeon city in aging progress, and relative rising type above the average of the city. This district can be found at both the central area of the city and the suburbs because Taejeon city has the characteristic of over-bounded city. But it cannot be found at the new built-up area with the in-migration of large population. The special districts of decreasing population where the population continues to decrease can be said to be the population doughnuts found at the CBD and its neighboring inner area. On the other hand, the special districts of increasing population where the population continues to increase are located at the new built-up area of the northern part in Taejeon city. The special districts of decreasing population are overlapping with the aging district and higher in aged population rate by the out-migration of non-elderly population. The special districts of increasing population are not overlapping with the aging district and lower in aged population rate by the in-migration of non-elderly population. To clarify the distribution map of the aging district, the special districts of decreasing and increasing population and the aging district are divided into four groups such as the special districts of decreasing population group-the same one as the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population group, the special districts of increasing population group, and the other district. With the cohort analysis method by age used to investigate the definite increase and decrease of aging population through population transition of each group, it is found that the progress of population aging is closely related to the social population fluctuation, especially that aged population rate is higher with the out-migration of non-elderly population. This is to explain each model of CBD, inner area, and the suburbs after modeling the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population, and the special districts of increasing population in Taejeon city. On the assumption that the city area is a concentric circle, it is possible to divide it into three areas such as CBD(A), the inner area(B), and the suburbs(C). The special districts of increasing and decreasing population in the city are divided into three districts-the special districts of decreasing population(a), the special districts of increasing population(b), and the others(c). The aging district of this city is divided into the aging district($\alpha$) and the others($\beta$). And then modeling these districts, it is probable to find regional patterns in the city. $Aa{\alpha}$ and $Ac{\beta}$ patterns are found in the CBD, in which $Aa{\alpha}$ is the special district of decreasing population and is higher in aged population rate because of aged population low in mobility staying behind and out-migration of non-elderly population. $Ba{\alpha}$, $Ba{\beta}$, $Bb{\beta}$, and $Bc{\beta}$ patterns are found in the inner area, in which neighboring area $Ba{\alpha}$ pattern is located. $Bb{\beta}$ pattern is located at the new developing area of newly built apartment complex. $Cb{\beta}$, $Cc{\alpha}$, and $Cc{\beta}$ patterns are found in the suburbs, among which $Cc{\alpha}$ pattern is highest in population aging. It is likely that the $Cc{\beta}$ under housing land readjustment on a large scale will be the $Cb{\beta}$ pattern. As analyzed above, marriage and out-migration of new family, non-elderly population, with house purchase are main factors in accelerating population aging in the central area of the city. Population aging is responsible for the great increase of aged population with longer life expectancy by the low death rate, the out-migration of non-elderly population, and the age group of new aged population in the suburbs. It is necessary to investigate and analyze the regional patterns of population aging at the time when population problems caused by aging as well as longer life expectancy are now on the increase. I hope that this will help the future study on population aging of the geographical field in Korea. As in the future population aging will be a major problem in our society, local autonomy should make a plan for the problem to the extent that population aging progresses by regional groups and inevitably prepare for it.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.29-29
• /
• 2004

통계청에 따르면 2000년 현재 우리나라는 노인인구 7.2%로 이미 고령화사회에 진입하였고, 2019년 노인인구 14%로 예측된다. 이렇듯 고령화가 급격히 진행됨에 따라 전체 인구에서 노인의 비중이 커지게 되었고, 노인은 지역계획의 주요한 요소로 자리잡아, 이에 관련된 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 현재 노인관련연구는 식생활과 생활상, 지역특성으로 인한 수명변화 등 피동적인 연구에 집중되고 있으며, 인구이동과 같은 개인의 능동적인 선택에 관한 연구는 미흡한 면이 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2018

This study analyzes the effect of the level of satisfaction with the living environment of rural people on migration. The analysis data were used by the Rural Development Administration for the survey of welfare systems for farmers and fishermen in 2017, and samples of 3,776 were used for the analysis. The analysis variables were divided into a group of migrants, a group of permanent residents, and a group of decision-keeping, and the level of satisfaction with the living environment of each of the 10 rural areas was used as an independent variable. According to the analysis results, the basic living base and safety of rural residents were having a positive effect. The results show that the projects for developing rural areas, which increase the basic living base, are making substantial contributions to preventing the breakaway of the rural population. Safety has been neglected in the area of rural planning, but if the level of discontent is not enough, it has had the greatest impact on the livelihoods of rural residents. Welfare and cultural leisure set the main demand level for welfare and cultural leisure to the elderly and vulnerable classes, and interpret it as a result of weakened defense against stress from relocation of residence, difficulty of migration due to low income levels, and migration. Therefore, the paradoxical analysis results could be interpreted as showing that measures to increase the satisfaction of the people on welfare and cultural leisure should be taken.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.58-81
• /
• 1987

The purpose of this study is to examine major factors that affect patterns of living arrangements of older Korean noncitizens in the United States using the 1990 8% Public Use Microdata Sample(PUMS). In order to do so, I analyzed the effects of four factors including acculturation(English proficiency and Age at migration), economic circumstances(Personal Income and Supplemental Security Income: SSI receipt), health status(Mobility and Personal care limitation), and the ethnic community. The results show that acculturation and economic circumstances play an important role in determining the patterns of living arrangements among older Korean aliens, whereas the health status and the ethnic community do not show consistent effects. Regardless of marital status, the impact of age at migration is positively associated with solitary living of older Korean noncitizens, though, the effect of English proficiency show the opposite direction in accordance with marital status. That is, among nonmarried elders, those who cannot speak English are more likely to live alone. The case is reverse for married elders. The impact of economic feasibility is also positively associated with independent living arrangements. Those who receive SSI are much more likely to live apart from family, and elders whose annual personal income between $5,001 and $10,000 have the greatest propensity of solitary living-a large proportion of their income source is SSI. Individuals who receive SSI are also qualified to collect Medicaid, food stamps, rent subsidies, and other welfare benefits. In a sense, the economic feasibility provided by welfare benefits is the key determinant of independent living of older Korean noncitizens. Therefore, the recent welfare reform which denies legal aliens welfare benefits such as SSI and food stamps will severly affect the present living arrangements of older Korean aliens, and give economic burden to their family member The findings also show that there are significant differences within the elderly Korean Americans in terms of demographics, income, fertility, health status, and patterns of living arrangements by U.S. citizenship status. In particular, after controlling for age at migration as a proxy for acculturation, there is a statistically significant variation in living arrangements between elderly Korean noncitizens and naturalized citizens. For both theoretical and methodological reasons, future research on minority aging needs to investigate the concept of U.S. citizenship status for its impact on patterns of living arrangements among the minority elderly.