• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.973-988
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• 2012

Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) characterized by the lack of guaranteed end-to-end paths exploit opportunistic data forwarding mechanism, which depends on the hypothesis that nodes are willing to store, carry, and forward the in-transit messages in an opportunistic way. However, this hypothesis might easily be violated by the presence of selfish nodes constrained with energy, bandwidth, and processing power. To address this problem, we propose a practical reputation-based incentive scheme, named PRI, to stimulate honest forwarding and discipline selfish behavior. A novel concept of successful forwarding credential and an observation protocol are presented to cope with the detection of nodes' behavior, and a reputation model is proposed to determine egoistic individuals. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of our proposal.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.109-122
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find a mother's influence on her children regarding environmental preservation. The questions of this study are how a mother's background variables influence on their own behaviors, how the children's background variables influences on their own behaviors, how a mother's background variables influence on their children behaviors. This is used self-writing questionaires the 538 subjects are 4th, 5th and 6th grade children and their mothers living in Kwangiu, in June, 1998. The data are analyzed by Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Pearson's correlation, Regression analysis, Path analysis, Coronbach'$\alpha$ coefficent, and Factor analysis. These are the major resets of this study. 1) In case of mothers, the background variables for them to be influenced the environmental presentation behaviors show the frequency of contact for environmental information, average income, family cohesions, the level of communication, egoistic orientation, and age. 2) In Children, the background variables which are influenced on their environmental presentation behaviors represent the frequency of contact for environmental information, family cohesion, biospheric orientation, and the grade level of children. This is, the children who have the more chance of environmental information contact, the higher family cohesion, the higher biospheric orientation, and the lower grade level show the more environmental preservation behaviors. 3) The children who grow seeing their mothers'environmental behaviors such as sorted disposal, recycle behavior, and purchasing behaviors also show the more same behaviors.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1209-1219
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• 2016

In knowledge based society, lifelong learning is increasing in order to meet educational needs of adult learners. Credit Bank system which is credited by individual experience, learning and qualifications are also emphasized for continuing learning participation. However, in spite of the importance of concern in the Credit Bank System, adult learners expectation and value are not high. The purpose of this study is to analyze participation valence and learning flow of adult learner in the Credit Bank System. The result of this study is summarized as follows: first, adult learners participated in the Credit Bank System to get new knowledge and skill based on internal and external motivation and requirement not involved with individual degree. Second, adult learners participating in the Credit Bank System are experiencing learning flow realizing that behavior of participation is compensated, adult learners are concentrating and feeling with satisfaction and pleasure to study. Third, participation in the Credit Bank System based on adult learner's own right learning requirement have been analyzed as it has a positive effect to the learning flow and have indicated that adult learners having high level of valence experience, recognition immersion, behavioral devotion, and egoistic immersion. Based on the conclusion, further studies are suggested.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2003

From the perspectives of traditional Korean familism, the family was a life-giving and morality-building institution. The family was also a location where people of Chosun society developed an identity as humans. Due to these characteristics of the family in the traditional familism, that is, the family as the basis of life, morality, and identity, the family was a unit that transcends personal desires, thus the institution enjoyed a long-lasting stability. However, with industrialization, the transcendent values have been taken away from the family, and the modern Korean family has changed into a private unit of personal happiness and the interests of only the immediate members. Surely the traditional familism had values that are contradictory to the civil society, such as sexual discrimination and family egoism. In spite of the limits, the traditional familism contains some family values that can be utilized to improve today's family cultures in Korea. For example, the approach to the family as a unit for life, the emphasis on transcending personal interests for the sake of family stability and deep intimacy, and the importance of the family in human lifes could inspire today's Korean families.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제24권
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• pp.19-31
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• 2011

This article examines the historical view of Benito $P{\acute{e}}rez$ $Gald{\acute{o}}s$ in his historical novel named "Zaragoza" and "$C{\acute{a}}novas$" by comparing with Numancia of Cervantes. In front of the national survival crisis, $Gald{\acute{o}}s$ recognizes that it is necessary that Spain should recover humanity and morality on basis of the krausist ideal. The krausists warned subjective idealism, stressing on free-will and moral conscience in a harmonious balance of rationality. Without refusing patriotism, they warned egoistic patriotism deformed by national selfishness or nationalism. Giner de los Ríos insisted on a necessity of harmonizing national inclination and universal one. $Gald{\acute{o}}s$ emphasizes that the identity of Spain is not possession of privileged class but sweat and tears of the mass of people in daily life. He represents Efemera as the ideal history on the basis of Unamuno's 'intrahistoria', by which, instead of $Luk{\acute{a}}cs^{\prime}$ progressive history, we can peep into a historical poetics of human free nature and vividness of discontinuous and endless shifting. According to the sub-history, we come to the conclusion that $Gald{\acute{o}}s$ and Cervantes would lay emphasis on sub-history, aiming to essence of Spanish soul originated from national landscape and people's daily life.

• 철학연구
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• 제143권
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• pp.165-188
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• 2017

브레이부르크(1976)와 소벨(1976)에 따르면, 전통적인 사회계약론의 두 전제, 즉 투쟁적 자연상태라는 '상황'과 타인의 복지에 대해 무관심하고 자기 이익을 추구하는 합리적 개인이라는 '동기'의 두 가정 하에서는 계약의 성립과 준수는 불가능하다. 소위 '사회계약론의 문제'로 불리는 이 문제는 현대 사회계약론에도 유전된다. 그렇다면 현대 사회계약론은 이 문제를 해결하고 있는가? 이 논문은 전통적 사회계약론의 문제에 대한 현대 사회계약론의 해법에 '상황'과 '동기'가 어떻게 순환함으로서 선결문제를 요구하는지 분석한다. 그리고 현대 계약론에서 나타나는 순환을 벗어나기 위해서 사회계약론이 자연화 될 필요성을 관습주의를 참고하여 논변한다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.95-116
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• 2018

Although acclaimed as George Eliot's masterpiece, Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life (1871-72) has been attacked by feminists since shortly after it was serialized. The main cause of feminist criticism is that she portrays her heroine, Dorothea Brooke, in an androcentric viewpoint and describes her lived experiences through male discourses. In order to identify what such feminist criticism originates in, this article places the novel in the sociopolitical contexts where Dorothea lived while authoring herself, and then analyzes it with M. M. Bakhtin's two important concepts, self-authoring and architectonics. As a result, Middlemarch has many shortcomings in the phases of the heroine's self-authoring and eventually the architectonics. In case of self-authoring, Eliot does not fully explain Dorothea's responses to her first husband and egoistic priest Edward Casaubon, and then her second husband and English-Polish dilettante Will Ladislaw until she reaches her ultimate marriage conclusions. Incessant authorial intervention obstructs the heroine's smooth interactions with her two husbands. In addition, the novel does not provide any sufficient comments about Dorothea's responses to Middlemarchers' opinions even if handling their opinions in the heroine's self-authoring influences the novel's persuasiveness. Dorothea's story has proved its own limitations by its frequent omissions and authorial intrusions. In Bakhtin's terminology, Middlemarch does not properly contain I-formyself, the-other-for-me, and I-for-the-other. It can be said that these shortcomings resulting from Eliot's cross-dressing narrative have caused attacks by feminists.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.38-50
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• 2000

We are evidently Home Economicus, egoistic rational utility maximiger, and all the capitalism economic situation make us adapt to such life, and recognize that it is rational to act like that. This can be demonstrated in Prisoner′s Dilemma(PD) which always select the non-cooperative choice for free rider in rational selection process of public goods. This paper notice the "what is problem\ulcorner"The problem is not in free rider itself but in free rider egoism. The practical behavior of free rider egoism can be explained by way of Prisoner′s Dilemma. In PD situation, the prisoner makes a rational choice, non-cooperative alternative, but he doesn′arrive at preto-optimality. It is dilemma. Why can′t he arrive \ulcorner Because he is isolated from other prisoner. So we call it prisoner′s dilemma. The PD situation can be compared with our real economic life, which, we think, have kept by rational choice of the public goods. We actually have made our life as an individual one although we organized communities of capitalism. Of course, we know each others as members of same society, but each individual being can′t secure the belief, which has composed basis of community. So, it is very similar and common between PD situation and our real economic life in the production of public goods. We conclude that this non-cooperative process of PD situation can be utilized as instrument of EE. So this non-cooperative process can show us the effectiveness of EE as follows. \circled1 Game situation life PD can be used as good instrument for explaining the rational selection dilemma(error) to Homo-Economicus, the rational agent, with the optimal and rational language. \circled2 We can show that the selection result is dilemma, not arrive pareto - optimality. \circled3 The dilemma can be resolved with accomplishing the good communal life based on the belief, not on the isolation.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.675-683
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 개인의 불안 애착 성향이 사회적 일체감을 강조한 소구방식의 기부광고 선호에 미치는 영향력과 해당 과정을 매개하는 소속 욕구 요인을 실험을 통해 확인하고자 하였다. 실험 참가자들은 각각 개인적 소구 조건의 기부광고와 사회적 소구 조건의 기부광고에 노출된 후 광고에 대한 태도와 기부의도를 보고하였다. 두 차례의 실험 결과, 소비자의 불안 애착 정도가 클수록 사회적 일체감을 강조하는 소구방식의 기부 광고에 보다 긍정적인 태도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 소비자의 불안 애착과 사회적 소구방식의 기부광고 사이에서 소속에 대한 욕구가 매개하는 효과도 유의한 것으로 검증되었다. 즉, 기부를 촉구하는 광고 메시지를 구성할 때 개인의 불안정 애착 성향을 고려함으로서 소구력을 높일 수 있음을 입증하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 성인의 애착 불안이 기부 의도를 이끌어내는 하나의 준거로 작용할 수 있다는 사실을 발견하고, 불안정 애착자들이 기부행위에 기대하는 감정적 편익의 가치를 인식하도록 도움으로서 윤리적 소비 분야에서의 경제 주체간 상호 이익관계 구축 이슈를 제시하고 있다. 또한 사회적 소구 방식의 기부 광고 메시지에 대한 소비자의 태도, 호의를 점화를 통해 조정할 수 있음을 입증하였다는 점에서 학문적, 실무적 시사점을 제공한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2019

영화 라쇼몽에서 보여지는 캐릭터들의 목소리는 위기의 상황을 모면하기 위한 자의식이 빚어낸 기억의 부재이다. 등장인물들의 일치하지 않는 진술과 그 진술 속에 나타난 3가지의 전혀 다른 공간 나생문의 공간(폐허), 폴리포니로서의 재현 공간(숲속), 에고이즘적 진실의 공간(관아)은 당시 일본 국민들이 품고 있었던 전쟁의 패배로 인한 서로를 믿지 못하고 의심하는 사회적 병폐를 내포하고 있다. 이는 러시아의 문예 비평가 M.바흐친의 폴리포니 이론과 일맥상통한다. 폴리포니 이론의 주요 핵심은 서로가 일치하지 않는 목소리들이 조화되지 않는 상태로 불일치를 이루지만, 그 각각의 목소리들은 자신의 세계를 스스로 구축하며 창작자의 영역에서 벗어나 소설 속에 참여 한다는 것이다. 본 연구는 바흐친의 폴리포니 이론이 폴리포니 필름으로서 영화적 구성을 기능하게 하고 영화 <라쇼몽>에 나타난 폴리포니 필름의 공간특성에 대해 논의하고자 한다.