• 제목/요약/키워드: eggshell

검색결과 286건 처리시간 0.022초

닭 배자 조작을 위한 난각 주입부위별 생존율 비교 (Comparison of Viable Rates of Chick Embryos by Different Eggshell Window Positioning)

  • J. Y. Han;D. S. Seo;Y. H. Hong;D. K. Jeong;Y. S. Shin
    • 한국가금학회지
    • /
    • 제23권1호
    • /
    • pp.9-17
    • /
    • 1996
  • 이 연구의 목적은 주입구의 위치에 따른 병아리 배아의 생존율을 서로 비교하고 가장 적합한 주입구 위치를 찾기 위하여 실시되었다. 멸균처리된 핀셋을 사용하여 난각의 첨단부와 둔단부 그리고 옆부분에 주입구를 각각 만들었다. 연구 결과, 둔단부에 주입구 (BE1)를 만든 수정란의 발생율이 가장 높았으나 내부난각막이 불투명하여 혈관내 미세주입이 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 첨단부에 주입구를 만든 다음 이 주입구를 통하여 약 2 $\mu$L의 DMEM 용액을 2.5일령된 배자의 혈관에 주입하였고, 주입부위의 출혈을 막기 위해 DMEM 용액을 주입한 후 공기방울을 넣은 결과 생존율이 약 17.0% 이었다. 따라서 이러한 주입구에 의한 방법은 생식세포가 조작된 germline chimera 또는 형질전환닭을 생산하는데 매우 유용한 시스템으로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

  • PDF

한국 재래계의 난 형질에 관한 연구 (Studies on Various Egg Traits of Korean Native Chicken)

  • 오희정
    • 한국가금학회지
    • /
    • 제23권1호
    • /
    • pp.19-26
    • /
    • 1996
  • 본 연구는 한국 재래계의 난질 개량을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 수행하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 재래계는 개량계(Decalb Brown)에 비하여 난중, 난황중, 농후난백중, 수양난백중, 난각중 등이 가벼웠으나(P<0.01), 난중비는 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 2. 재래계는 개량계에 비하여 난각 형질에서 변이계수가 낮았으며, 이는 환경 적응성이 재래계에서 높음을 시사해 주고 있다. 3. 재래계와 개량계 공히 난중, 난황중, 농후난백중, 수양난백중, 그리고 난각중 간의 표현상관이 높았고(P<0.01), 특히 재래계에서 0.842~0.992 로 높아서, 난중 개량에 의한 간접 선발의 효과가 클 것으로 기대되었다. 4. 난각두께에서 재래계와 개량계가 각각 362.5와 407.9 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 로서 차이가 있었다(P<0.01). 5. 재래계는 개량계에 비하여 난의 각 형질에서 회귀계수가 공히 낮게 나타나서 난중개량과 동시에 난각 형질의 개량이 요구되었다.

  • PDF

산란계에 대한 오전용 사료와 오후용 사료의 별도 급여가 난각질에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Feeding Split Diets for a.m. and p.m. on Egg Shell Quality)

  • 이규호;정연종
    • 한국가금학회지
    • /
    • 제23권1호
    • /
    • pp.39-46
    • /
    • 1996
  • 산란계에 대한 오전사료와 오후사료의 별도 급여가 계란의 난각질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고, 난각질 조사항목 상호간의 관계를 조사하기 위해 ISA Brown 갈색산란계 480수를 공시하여 32~36주령과 52~56주령 및 72~76주령에 각각 4주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 각 산란기별로 처리당 60개씩 모두 1,080개의 계란을 수집하여 난각질을 조사하고 난각질 조사항목 상호간의 관계를 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 계란의 비중, 난각 강도, 난각 후도 및 난각 비율등은 모두 오전사료 와 오후사료를 별도급여한 시험구들(T$_1$-T$_{5}$)이 대조구(C)에 비해 향상되었으며(P<0.05), 오후사료의 Ca 수준이 증가할수록 향상되는 경향이었다(P<0.05). 2. 난각질 조사항목간의 상관계수(r)는 0.79~0.90 으로 모두 고도의 유의적인 상관관계가 있었다(P<0.01). 3. 난각질 조사방법간의 관계를 조사하기 위해 단순회귀방정식과 다중회귀방정식을 구하였다.

  • PDF

Effects of Replacing Corn with Rice or Brown Rice on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, and Apparent Fecal Digestibility of Nutrient in Hy-Line Brown Laying Hens

  • Kim, Chan Ho;Park, Seong Bok;Kang, Hwan Ku
    • 한국가금학회지
    • /
    • 제43권2호
    • /
    • pp.97-103
    • /
    • 2016
  • This study aimed of effects of replacing maize with rice or brown rice on laying performance, egg quality, and apparent fecal digestibility of nutrient in Hy-Line Brown laying hens. A total of 200, 25-week old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to one of 5 treatments, each of which was replicated 4 times. Four experimental diets that were formulated two different grains (brown rice or rice) with two inclusion levels of (15 and 30%) as a replacement of maize. The experimental period was 8 weeks. During the experiment, hens were provided with feed and water ad libitum and were exposed to a 16:8=L:D lighting schedule. There were no differences in feed intake, egg weight, and egg mass during the 8 weeks of the feeding trial among groups. However, hen-day egg production was greater (P<0.05) for Brown rice treatment groups than that for basal and rice treatment groups. In addition, the supplementation of brown rice or rice did not have an effect on eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, and HU during of the feeding trial (Table 4). However, egg yolk color was less (P<0.05) for basal treatment groups than that for among treatment group. ATTD of dry matter (DM) and crude fat were greater (P<0.05) for brown rice 15 treatment than for rice 30 treatment. Crude protein (CP) was greater (P<0.05) for brown rice 15 treatment than for basal treatment. In conclusion, brown rice or rice grains is a good alternative energy feedstuff and can be used in laying hens, totally replacing maize, without any negative effect on the laying performance, egg quality, and nutrient digestibility.

Effects of Graded Levels of Rice Bran Oil on Laying Performance, Blood Parameters and Egg Yolk Cholesterol in Hy-Line Laying Hens

  • Kim, Chan Ho;Park, Seong Bok;Kang, Hwan Ku
    • 한국가금학회지
    • /
    • 제43권2호
    • /
    • pp.89-96
    • /
    • 2016
  • This study aimed to determine the effect of different dietary level of rice bran extract (RBO) on the laying performance, egg quality, blood parameter, cholesterol, and fatty acids in yolk of Hy-Line Laying hens. In all, 144 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (29 weeks old) were randomly allocated to one of 4 dietary treatments, with 4 replicates per treatment. A commercial basal diet was used and three additional diets were prepared by supplementing 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 g/kg of RBO to the basal diet. The experimental diets were fed on an ad libitum basis to the bird during 8 weeks. Hen-day egg production increased (quadratic, p<0.05) with inclusion level of RBO, but feed intake, egg weight, and egg mass were not influenced by inclusion of level of RBO in diet. However, the supplementation of RBO did not have an effect on eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg yolk color, and HU during the feeding trial. There were no significant differences in the level of leukocyte. However, heterophil and lymphocytes decreased (quadratic, p<0.01) with inclusion level of RBO. H:L ratio tended to decrease (linear p=0.08) with inclusion level of RBO. As expected, increasing inclusion level of RBO in diets decreased (linear, p<0.01) the concentrations of total cholesterol in plasma. AST, ALT, glucose, and albumin were not affected by inclusion of RBO in diets. Egg yolk cholesterol increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) with inclusion level of RBO in diet. The results of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of RBO improves laying performance and decreased total cholesterol and egg yolk cholesterol levels in laying hens. Therefore, dietary RBO is considered a valuable functional ingredient to improve the performance of birds.

Astaxanthin supplementation enriches productive performance, physiological and immunological responses in laying hens

  • Zhu, Yuanzhao;Yin, Long;Ge, Jinshan;Wu, Xuezhuang;Peng, Yuhan;Zhang, Tao;Jiang, Meihong
    • Animal Bioscience
    • /
    • 제34권3_spc호
    • /
    • pp.443-448
    • /
    • 2021
  • Objective: Astaxanthin is a natural super antioxidant. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of astaxanthin rich Phaffia rhodozyma (PR) supplementation in diets on laying production performance, egg quality, antioxidant defenses and immune defenses in laying hens. Methods: A total of five hundred and twelve 60-week-old Lohmann Brown laying hens (2,243±12 g) were randomly assigned to four groups, each including 4 replicates with 32 birds per replicate. Astaxanthin rich PR was added to corn-soybean meal diets to produce experimental diets containing 0 (Control), 800 mg/kg, 1,200 mg/kg, and 1,600 mg/kg PR, respectively. The astaxanthin content in the diet was 0.96 mg/kg, 1.44 mg/kg and 1.92 mg/kg respectively. Results: Results showed that dietary PR supplementation tended to increase daily feed intake (p = 0.0512). There was no effect of astaxanthin rich PR on Haugh units, albumen height, egg shape index, eggshell strength, and eggshell thickness at weeks 6 (p>0.05). However, egg yolk color was significantly improved (p<0.05). In addition, astaxanthin rich PR supplementation significantly increased serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity (p<0.05), increased serum immunoglobulin G content (p<0.05), and reduced malondialdehyde content (p<0.05) in laying hens. Conclusion: In conclusion, astaxanthin rich PR can improve the color of egg yolk, enhance the antioxidant defenses, and regulate the immune function.

Effects of dietary mulberry leaves on growth, production performance, gut microbiota, and immunological parameters in poultry and livestock: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Bing Geng;Jinbo Gao;Hongbing Cheng;Guang Guo;Zhaohong Wang
    • Animal Bioscience
    • /
    • 제37권6호
    • /
    • pp.1065-1076
    • /
    • 2024
  • Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary mulberry leaves on the growth, production performance, gut microbiota, and immunological parameters of poultry and livestock. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were systematically analyzed to identify pertinent studies up to December 2022. The effects of mulberry leaf diet was assessed using the weighted mean difference, and the 95% confidence interval was calculated using a random-effects model. Results: In total, 18 studies that sampled 2,335 poultry and livestock were selected for analysis. Mulberry leaves improved the average daily gain and reduced the feed/meat ratio in finishing pigs, and the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in chicken. In production performance, mulberry leaves lowered the half carcass weight, slaughter rate, and loin eye area in pigs, and the slaughter rate in chickens. Regarding meat quality in pigs, mulberry leaves reduced the cooked meat percentage, shear force, crude protein, and crude ash, and increased the 24 h pH and water content. In chickens, it increased the drip loss, shear force, 45 min and 24 h pH, crude protein, and crude ash. Mulberry leaves also affect the abundances of gut microbiota, including Bacteroides, Prevotella, Megamonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Butyricicoccus, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Escherichia coli in poultry and livestock. Mulberry leaves at different doses were associated with changes in antioxidant capacity in chickens, and immune organ indexes in pigs. With respect to egg quality, mulberry leaves at different doses improved the shell strength, yolk color, eggshell thickness, and eggshell weight. However, moderate doses diminished the egg yolk ratio and the egg yolk moisture content. Conclusion: In general, dietary mulberry leaves improved the growth, production performance, and immunological parameters in poultry and livestock, although the effects varied at different doses.

Genome-wide identification of histone lysine methyltransferases and their implications in the epigenetic regulation of eggshell formation-related genes in a trematode parasite Clonorchis sinensis

  • Min-Ji Park;Woon-Mok Sohn;Young-An Bae
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
    • /
    • 제62권1호
    • /
    • pp.98-116
    • /
    • 2024
  • Epigenetic writers including DNA and histone lysine methyltransferases (DNMT and HKMT, respectively) play an initiative role in the differentiation and development of eukaryotic organisms through the spatiotemporal regulation of functional gene expressions. However, the epigenetic mechanisms have long been suspected in helminth parasites lacking the major DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3a/3b. Very little information on the evolutionary status of the epigenetic tools and their role in regulating chromosomal genes is currently available in the parasitic trematodes. We previously suggested the probable role of a DNMT2-like protein (CsDNMT2) as a genuine epigenetic writer in a trematode parasite Clonorchis sinensis. Here, we analyzed the phylogeny of HKMT subfamily members in the liver fluke and other platyhelminth species. The platyhelminth genomes examined conserved genes for the most of SET domain-containing HKMT and Disruptor of Telomeric Silencing 1 subfamilies, while some genes were expanded specifically in certain platyhelminth genomes. Related to the high gene dosages for HKMT activities covering differential but somewhat overlapping substrate specificities, variously methylated histones were recognized throughout the tissues/organs of C. sinensis adults. The temporal expressions of genes involved in eggshell formation were gradually decreased to their lowest levels proportionally to aging, whereas those of some epigenetic tool genes were re-boosted in the later adult stages of the parasite. Furthermore, these expression levels were significantly affected by treatment with DNMT and HKMT inhibitors. Our data strongly suggest that methylated histones are potent epigenetic markers that modulate the spatiotemporal expressions of C. sinensis genes, especially those involved in sexual reproduction.

밀기울 위주의 환우용 사료가 산란계의 환우 후 생산성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of the Induced Molting with Wheat Bran on the Postmolt Performance of Laying Hens)

  • 황보종;홍의철;강보석;김학규;허강녕;추효준;나재천;최양호;김원
    • 한국가금학회지
    • /
    • 제38권3호
    • /
    • pp.205-211
    • /
    • 2011
  • 본 시험은 밀기울 위주의 환우용 사료로 유도환우한 경우 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 공시계는 65주령 White Leghorn 산란계 200수를 이용하였다. 처리구는 환우를 하지 않는 비환우 대조구(CO), 절식 환우구(FW), 기존 환우 사료 급이구(UM), 옥수수-밀기울 위주의 환우 사료 급이구(CW), 밀기울 위주의 환우 사료 급이구(WM)의 총 5처리구, 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 10수씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 환우 개시 전에는 모든 처리구에서 섭취량이 유사하였으나(P>0.05), 1주째 환우용 사료 급이구에서는 섭취량이 감소하였으나(P<0.05), 3주째 이후로는 모든 처리구에서 사료 섭취량에 유의적 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). FW구의 시험계들은 1주째 1,337 g으로 초기 체중에서 18.6%의 체중 손실이 있었으며, UM, CW, WM구에서는 체중 손실이 11.4, 14.2, 17.4%로 나타났다(P<0.05). 1주령에 환우 처리구에서 산란율이 급격히 감소하였으며, FW구에서는 1주째, UM, CW, WM구에서는 2주째에 산란이 급격하게 감소하였으며, FW구에서는 2주째에 산란이 정지되었다. 산란 회복 기간을 보면 FW구는 3주째 산란이 재개되었으며, UM, CW, WM구에서는 4주째 이후로 산란이 회복되었다. 난질(난각 두께, 난각 강도, 호우유니트)은 8주째 환우 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 결과적으로, 밀기울 위주의 환우용 사료는 체중 감소에 효과적이었으며, 난각 강도, 난각 두께 및 Haugh Unit가 크게 향상됨을 보여 주었다.

환경모니터링을 위한 집비둘기 알 껍데기의 중금속 축적특성 연구 (The Characteristics of Heavy Metal Accumulations in Feral Pigeon (Columba livia) Eggshells for Environmental Monitoring)

  • 이장호;이종천;박종혁;이유진;심규영;김명진;신영규
    • 환경영향평가
    • /
    • 제24권6호
    • /
    • pp.561-577
    • /
    • 2015
  • 본 연구에서는 알 껍데기 시료의 중금속 축적특성을 파악하기 위해 알의 중금속 축적을 연구한 자료들을 정리하여 알 껍데기와 내용물의 축적특성을 비교 검토한 후 집비둘기 알 껍데기의 중금속 모니터링 시료로서의 가능성을 고찰하였다. 먼저 집비둘기(Columba livia)를 포함한 19종의 조류 알을 대상으로 카드뮴(Cd) 등 8종의 중금속 축적농도를 검토한 결과, 알 껍데기 중금속 농도의 변동계수(표준편차/평균)는 알 내용물에 비해 대체적으로 높은 값을 나타냈다. 이는 알 내용물 속 배(embryo)가 중금속 독성에 노출되지 않도록 하는 생리적 항상성 통제기작의 발달과 관련이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이에 비해 알 껍데기는 서식환경 등에 따라 중금속 축적 변동이 알 내용물보다 크게 나타났는데, 이는 서식환경에 따른 중금속 축적 변동을 알 내용물보다는 더 적절히 반영할 가능성이 있다고 해석될 수 있다. 집비둘기 알 껍데기가 체내 장기 조직 등의 유해 중금속(납, 카드뮴) 축적농도 패턴을 반영하는 지를 검토한 결과, 도심지역 한강공원이 체내 장기 조직 등에서 농촌지역인 함평공원보다 높은 납과 카드뮴 축적농도를 보였고, 이러한 차이는 알 껍데기에서도 두드러지게 나타났지만, 알 내용물에서는 지점 간에 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 알 내용물 속 배(embryo)의 안전한 발달을 위해 중금속 축적을 통제하는 항상성 기작이 알 내용물에 더 강화되어 나타나는 특성과 관련이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 알 껍데기가 서식환경에 따른 중금속 축적 변동을 알 내용물보다는 더 적절히 반영할 가능성이 크다고 판단된다.