• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.332-335
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• 1995

The angiogenic activity of Aloe vera (Aloe baradensis), known as a good healing plant, was investigated. We have extracted and fractionated dichloromethane extract (G1M1D1) and methanol soluble fraction of dichloromethane extract (G1M1D1M1) which contain low-molecular weight substances of Aloe vera gel. G1M1D1 and G1D1M1 fractions induced a radially arranged, spoke-sheel-like vasculature in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The angiogenic activity was dose-dependent and the angiogenic pattern in the CAM assay. The angiogenic activity was dose-dependent and the angiogenic pattern in the CAM assay was very similar to that of phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) used as a positive control. The modified CAM assay, e simple and accurate quantitating method, was used to quntitate the angiogenic activity of G1D1M1 fraction. Application of G1M1D1M1 fraction ($100\mug/egg$) resulted in much more intense angiogenesis than in control while slightly less intense angiogenesis than in PMA (100 ng/egg).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2017

We investigated the effect of ethylene glycol and antioxidants such as taurine, hypotaurine and trehalose with extenders during cryopreservation of Korean Jeju Black Bull spermatozoa. The cryopreservation of freshly collected spermatozoa was conducted with four different conditions. As a control, spermatozoa were cryopreserved with Tris egg-yolk extenders added 5% ethylene glycol (EG). Taurine (20 mM), hypotaurine (20 mM) and trehalose (20 mM) were individually added into tris egg-yolk extenders with 5% EG. After thawing of frozen spermatozoa with four different conditions, sperm viability, motility, acrosomal integrity, and membrane integrity were investigated. The significant (p < 0.05) improvement of sperm viability showed in all antioxidant treated thawed spermatozoa (taurine; $68.1%{\pm}4.4$, hypotaurine; $69.2%{\pm}6.7$ and trehalose; $68.0%{\pm}4.4$) when compared to control ($63.4%{\pm}5.6$). Neither positive nor detrimental effects of three antioxidants were shown sperm motility after thawing. The results of hypo-osmotic swelling test showed that the membrane integrity of taurine, hypotaurine or trehalose treated thawed spermatozoa ($64.1%{\pm}5.4$, $61.5%{\pm}3.7$ and $59.0%{\pm}4.0$, respectively) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher rate of the swollen sperm compared to control ($53.7%{\pm}9.7$). Hypotaurine treated frozen-thawed spermatozoa had siginificantly higher (p < 0.05) F pattern ratio than taurine, trehalose and control treated frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Trehalose added frozen-thawed spermatozoa had significantly higher (p < 0.05) acrosome reaction pattern ratio than taurine and hypotaurine added frozen-thawd spermatozoa. In this study, we found that antioxidants such taurine, hypotaurine and trehalose treatments during cryopreservation process could reduce damage of spermatozoa of Korean Jeju Black Bull and improved sperm capability of fertilization.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.709-727
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• 2001

The pattern of programmed cell death(PCD) has been examined during the early developmental period of development in mouse embryos, from embryonic day 4.5(E4.5) to E11.5 Embryos from Balb/c breedings were harvested at various embryonic stages between E4.5 and El1.5. Cell death was analysed by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) staining in tissue sections and whole embryos. At the blastocyst stage(E4.5), a very few apoptotic cells were found in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. In the early egg cylinder stage(35.0-5.5), a few apoptotic cells were detected in the embryonic ectoderm, the embryonic endoerm and the proamniotic cavity. In the advanced egg cylinder stage(E5.5-6.5), TUNEL-posifive cells were observed in the extra-embryonic ectoderm and extra-embryonic endoderm as well as in the embryonic ectoderm, embryonic visceral endoderm and proamniotic cavity. In the streak stage(E6.75-7.75), many TUNEL-positive cells were found in the ectoplacental cone. In contrast, only very few apoptotic cells were found in the chorion and extra-embryonic endoderm in extra-embryonic regions. In intra-embryonic region, a few apoptotic cells were randomly found in the embryonic ectoderm, mesoderm and visceral endoderm. At the early somitogenesis stage(E8.0-8.5), most apoptotic cells were observed in the most cranial portion of neural fold (neural ectoderm and adjacent ectoderm). At the mid somitogenesis stage(39.0-9.5), the otic placode first showed TUNEL-positive at this stage. Small number of TUNEL-positive cells were also first seen around optic placode and branchial arches. Three streams of TUNEL-positive cells were clearly seen in the cranial region at 59.5-9.75. At E10.5, apoptotic cells were localized in the developing eye, the junctional portion of medial nasal, lateral nasal and maxillary processes, the lateral portion of branchial arches, the junction of bilateral mandibular processes, and apical ectodermal ridges of limb buds. At E11.5, apoptotic cells were noticeably decreased in most area, except the developing limbs and several somites in the tail region. In this study, the global temporospatial pattern of PCD throughout early development of mouse embryos was discussed. It may provide the basis for further studies on its role in the morphogenesis of the embryo.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.215-224
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• 1994

The presence of a calcium current $(i_{Ca^{2+}})$ passed via a specific channel was examined in the unfertilized hamster egg using the whole-cell voltage clamp technique. Pure inward current was isolated using a $Ca^{2+}-rich$ pipette solution containing 10 mM TEA. This current was independent of external $Na^+$ and was highly sensitive to the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in the bathing solution, indicating that the inward current is carried by $Ca^{2+}$. The maximal amplitude was $-4.12{\pm}0.58nA\;(n=12)$ with 10mM $Ca^{2+}$ at -3OmV from a holding potential of -8OmV. This current reached its maximum within 20ms beyond -3OmV and decayed rapidly with an inactivation time constant $({\tau})$ of 15ms. Activation and inactivation of this $i_{Ca^{2+}}$ was steeply dependent on the membrane potential. The $i_{Ca^{2+}}$ began to activate at the lower voltage of -55 mV and reached its peak at -35 mV, being completely inactivated at potentials more positive than -40 mV. These result suggest that $i_{Ca^{2+}}$ in hamster eggs passes through channels with electrical properties similar to low voltage-activated T-type channels. Other results from the present study support this suggestion; First, the inhibitory effect of $Ni^{2+}\;(IC_{50}=13.7\;{\mu}M)$ was more potent than $Cd^{2+}\;(IC_{50}=123\;{\mu}M)$. Second, $Ba^{2+}$ conductance was equal to or below that of $Ca^{2+}$. Third, $i_{Ca^{2+}}$ in hamster eggs was relatively insensitive to nifedipine $(IC_{50}=96.6\;{\mu}M)$, known to be a specific t-type blocker. The physiological role of $i_{Ca^{2+}}$ in the unfertilized hamster eggs remains unclear. Analysis from steady-state inactivation activation curves reveals that only a small amount of this current will pass in the voltage range $(-70{\sim}-30\;mV)$ which partially overlaps with the resting membrane potential. This current has the property that it can be easily activated by a weak depolarization, thus it may trigger a certain kind of a intracellular event following fertilization which may cause oscillations in the membrane potential.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1986

The energy metabolism with the normal laying hen and progesterone injected non-laying hen are compared. 1. The FHP of 109.7Kcal for laying hen was 25.5 percent higher than the 87.4 Kcal found for non-laying hen. 2. The MEm's of laying hen and non-laying hen were 149, and 135Kcal/Kg$\^$0.75/day and NAME's of the diets were 77 and 83 percent, respectively. For the laying hen shown negative retention in body energy during the experiment, the 77 percent NAME was the value of supporting egg production. For the non-laying hen shown the positive retention in body energy and zero egg production, the 83 percent NAME was of growth. 3. A change in body weight of 1g was comparable to 3.54 Kcal for laying hen, and 5.0 Kcal for non-laying hen, when calculated on regression equations between body weight change and body energy retention(BE). The figures indicate that the tissue energy is used with an efficiency of 70 percent for egg production. 4. Plasma level of triiodothyronine(T3) for the laying hen is appeared to be higher than that of non-laying hen, although the levels of thyroxine (T4) are equal both in laying and non-laying hen. 5. Activities of four hepatic enzymes(ATP citrate lyase, fructose diphosphate aldolase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutamte pyruvic transaminase) were significantly greater in the laying hen than in the non-laying hen.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.432-442
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• 1992

To identify the histological site of synthesis of yolk protein precursor, vitellogenin, by immunocytochemical method in the freshwater crab Eriocheir japonicus, we purified the yolk protein, vitellin, from crude egg extracts, and prepared the anti-rabbit serum against vitellin. Then, the site of vitellogenin synthesis was demonstrated by immunotytochemical method with PAP(peroxidase-antiperoxidase) reaction using the rabbit antiserum aganist vitellin. Female specific serum protein was identified in female serum by immunoelectrophoresis and Ouchterlony's immunodiffusion test for mature male and female sera. Based on the immunoelectrophoresis and Ouchterlony's diffusion test for mature male and female sera and crude egg extracts using antiserum against vitellogenic female serum absorbed with male serum, the female specific serum protein was identified as vitellogenin, detected in female serum only. The major yolk protein, vitellin, was purified from the crude egg extracts by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography, followed by sepharose CL-4B gel filteration chromatography. The molecular weight of vitellin was estimated to be about 245,000 dalton by sepharose CL-4B gel filteration chromatography. from the results of immunological analysis for vitellin, it was found that the vitellin antiserum contained the antibody against vitellogenin. In the results of immunocytochemical reaction by PAP method with the rabbit antiserum against vitellin, the vitellogenic oocytes and the hepatopancreas of mature female showed positive PAP reaction, but not in follicle cells and previtellogenic oocytes nf ovary, muscle of female and mature male hepatopancreas. Therefore, it showed that the hepatopancreas of mature female is the site of vitellogenic synthesis.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.465-471
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• 2005

This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-Helicobacter pylori IgY powder to suppress infection of Helicobacter pylori in humans. Hens were immunized with H. pylori to produce a specific anti-H. pylori IgY in their egg yolks, and then anti-H. pylori IgY Powder was used a sample after egg yolks were harvested The safety tests of anti-H. pylori IgY powder were conducted a acute and subacute toxicity test, The result was that the mice fed IgY powder were normal state on a acute and subacute toxicity test The effect of anti-H. pylori IgY powder was evaluated by urease breath test, Volunteers who tested positive for H. pylori using a $^{13}C-urea$ breath test were divided in two groups, one was administrated with anti-H. pylori IgY powder (11.2g/day) and natural extract mixture and the other was administrated with water soluble protein fraction (3.2g/day) of anti-H. pylori IgY powder, The results of clinical test in two groups were shown reduction of UBT value about 23 and 18 respectively. This result indicates that anit-H. pylori IgY is safety and can be used toy the effective supplement as an ingredient of functional food.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2012

Cryopreservation induces sublethal damage to the spermatozoa, which leads to their reduced fertile life. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of taurine, hypotaurine and trehalose as antioxidants on the function of the freezing-thawed sperm in Korean Jeju Black Bull. The semen was cryopreserved with tris egg yolk extendercontaining 7% glycerol and treated with 20mM taurine, hypotaurine and trehalose. Frozen-thawed sperms were evaluated for sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity and sperm penetration ability. The results were compared to semen cryopreserved in tris egg yolk extender containing 7% glycerol only as control. Frozen-thawed semen evaluation clearlyindicated that the addition of taurine or hypotaurine significantly improved (p<0.05) the motility and viability compared to control spermatozoa. Moreover, in membrane integrity, swollen sperm ratio was significantly increased (p<0.05) in taurine, hypotaurine or trehalose compared to control. In sperm acrosome integrity, F pattern ratio was increased (p<0.05) in hypotaurine among treatments, and AR pattern was significantly lowered (p<0.05) in taurine, hypotaurine and trehalose. In assessed sperm fertilizing ability, taurine, hypotaurine or trehalose significantly improved (p<0.05) the ratio of pronucleus formation and SFI. Finally, compared with the control, addition of taurine, hypotaurine or trehalose as an antioxidant to the freezing extender showed more positive effects on the frozen-thawed spermatozoa. It is concluded that the addition of taurine, hypotaurine, or trehalose to the freezing extender could reduce cryodamage of the Korean Jeju Black Bull spermatozoa.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

The bivoltine tropical tasar ecoraces of Antheraea mylitta Drury produces cocoons for seed production under seed crop rearing (July-August with $22{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ temperature and 50~70% relative humidity) and for silk production under commercial crop rearing (September-December with $17{\sim}27^{\circ}C$ temperature and 60~80% relative humidity). To consider the impact of hybrid vigour on egg, larva, cocoon and silk related commercial traits, the $F_1$ hybrids made among Daba, Jata and Raily ecoraces were assessed successively for three years. The hybrid vigour in the $F_1$ hybrid of Daba$\times$Jata ($T_7$) was positive for egg fertility (+23.1%), shell weight (+25.6%), silk yield (+79.0%) and filament length (+68.1%), with filament of high denier (11.98d) and reduced larval span (-7.1%). The Jata$\times$Daba ($T_8$) hybrid has shown negative heterosis in egg fertility (-8.0%) compared to the other F1 hybrids, Daba$\times$Raily ($T_9$) and Raily$\times$Daba ($T_{10}$), when they rise simultaneously during the commercial crop season. The better performance of parental ecoraces ($T_4$ to $T_6$) in their commercial traits during commercial crop over parents of seed crop ($T_1$ to $T_3$) and the superior performance of $F_1$ hybrids ($T_7$ to $T_{10}$) over parents of commercial crop ($T_4$ to $T_6$) during commercial crop season indicates the apparent hybrid vigour in tasar $F_1$ hybrids. As the Daba$\times$Jata ($T_7$) and Jata$\times$Daba ($T_8$) $F_1$ hybrids have shown highest hybrid vigour, their rearing during commercial crop can optimize the silk productivity and commercial sustenance of the tasar silk industry.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.243-248
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• 1999

The present study analyzed serum IgG subclass antibody reaction to major antigenic bands of Clonorchis sinensis to investigate improvement of its serodiagnosis. Of the four subclass antibodies, IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies were produced but not specific, IgG3 antibody was least produced, and IgG4 antibody was prominent and specific. The serum IgG antibody reaction to any of 43-50, 34-37, 26-28, and 8 kDa bands was found in 65.5％ of 168 egg positive cases while IgG4 antibody reaction was found in 22.0％ of them. The positive rates of IgG and IgG4 antibodies were directly correlated with the intensity of infection. All of the sera from heavily infected cases over EPG 5,000 showed positive reaction for specific IgG and IgG4 antibodies. The specific serum IgG4 antibody disappeared within 6 months after treatment. The bands of 35 kDa and 67 kDa cross-reacted with IgG antibodies but not with IgG4 antibodies in sera of other trematode infections. The present findings suggest that serum IgG4 antibody reaction to 8 kDa band is specific but not sensitive. Any method to increase its sensitivity is required for improved serodiagnosis.