• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 2004

As all other intensively farmed domestic species, most mortality in ostriches is closely to rearing conditions. While ostriches is also highly sensitive to stress, species-specific infectious disease play only a minor role. But investigation of ostrich's disease is not peformed almost in Korea. The study was performed to investigate the titers of antibody for Newcastle disease(ND), Infectious bronchitis(IB), Egg drop syndrome '76(EDS), Avian influenza(AI), salmonellosis, Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection(MG), Mycoplasma synoviae infection(MS), Infectious bursal disease(IBD), Brucellosis, Toxoplasmosis, Japanese encephalitis(JE), Porcine parvovirus infection, Encephalomyocarditis and Porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome (PRRS). The results obtained in the 62 ostrich sera slaughtered in Gyeongbuk province were summarized as follows: The average of antibody positive rates to ND, IB, EDS, AI(H9Nl), JE, Porcine parvovirus infection and Encephalomyocarditis by HI test were $75.8\%,\;100\%,\;0\%,\;0\%,\;51.6\%,\;50\%\;and\;56.5\%$ respectively. The antibody positive rates to salmonellosis, MG, MS by plate agglutination test were $12.9\%,\;25.8\%,\;and\;0\%$ respectively. Antibodies to disease agent such as IBD and AI by agar gel precipitation(AGP) test, Brucellosis by tube agglutination, toxoplasmosis by latex agglutination test and PRRS by IFA were all negative.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.300-306
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• 2018

Lysozymes are innate immune factors that play a critical role in the defense against pathogens in various invertebrate animals including spoon worms. In this study, an invertebrate-type lysozyme was isolated from the body wall of spoon worm, Urechis unicinctus. The acidified body wall extract was partially separated using a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. Among the fractions, the materials that were eluted with 60% methanol/0.1% trifluoroacetic acid showed the most potent antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis KCTC 1021. A series of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) steps were then utilized to isolate a single antimicrobial absorbance peak. The molecular weight of the antimicrobial peak was approximated using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), which was approximately 13 to 14 kDa. The partial primary structure of this antimicrobial protein that was analyzed, using LC-MS/MS, was CTGGRPPTCEDYAK (1611.69 Da). Homology search of these fourteen residues, using the National Center for Biotechnology Information Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (NCBI BLAST), revealed that the isolated protein was similar to the invertebrate-type lysozymes described in other animals. Then, the antimicrobial and lysozyme enzymatic (muramidase) activities of this protein were assessed. The isolated protein possessed antimicrobial activity and potent muramidase activity, which were comparable to those of hen egg white lysozyme. Therefore, the isolated protein was designated as Urechis unicinctus invertebrate-type lysozyme from the body wall, Uu-iLysb.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.326-331
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• 2000

Acidic chitinases from the gizzards of a broiler were purified to homogeneity, using precipitation with $(NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4}$, ion exchanger chromatography, gel filtration, chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The enzymes, GAC1 and GAC2, were purified 180- and 194- folds with a recovery of 4.9% and 2.7%, respectively. The molecular mass of GAC1 and GAC2 were 48.2 kDa and 57.8 kDa, respectively. Chromatofocusing resulted in a pI of 3.1 for both enzymes. The purified enzymes were endochitinases that were devoid of ${\beta}-N-acetylglucosaminidase$ and lysozyme activity. Kinetic studies using $[^3H]chitin$ indicate that GAC1 has a $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ of 1.97 mg/ml and 185 mg/mg protein/h, respectively. The GAC2 has a $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ of 0.42 mg/ml and 92.3 mg/mg protein/h, respectively at optimal pH and temperature (pH 5.0 and $60^{\circ}C$). When the pentamer and hexamer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were used as a substrate, the major product by GAC1 was the dimer of GlcNAc with a differential accumulation of the monomer and trimer, depending upon the substrate. However, the GAC2 produced the dimer and trimer in an equal quantity, regardless of the substrate used. The first 9 $NH_2-terminal$ amino acid residues of the purified gizzard chitinase GAC1 and GAC2 shared a 100% homology. The first 25 $NH_2-terminal$ amino acid residues of GAC1 also shared 55-60% homology with animal chitinases and some animal proteins, such as whey protein and oviduct-specific proteins. However, little homology was found with either microbial and plant chitinases, or egg white lysozyme.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.998-1001
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• 2002

Micro-LC method for the quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide in foods has been established. This method was carried out on cation-exchange resin gel column using distilled water as mobile phase with 50 mM sodium sulfate as electrolyte. The detection was performed with an electrochemical detector (ECD) at 0.6 voltage. Under this analytical condition, the recovery rates of hydrogen peroxide in tomato and lemon were 98.3 and 97.4%, respectively. Among 28 food types, hydrogen peroxide concentrations were 0.6, 0.5, 1.9, 0.9, 0.5, 0.6, 0.9, 0.8, and 0.4 ppm in banana, peach, orange, strawberry, pepper, onion, cucumber, burdock, and egg plant, respectively, Whereas none was detected in remaing 19 samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.439-454
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• 1996

The present study investigated Bul-Chun-Wi Sacrificial Ritual (sacrificial service which has been handed down from generation to generation to worship the family ancestors in the period of $1400{\sim}1800$) and foods for the sacrificial service among fourteen head families in Andong area. The findings are as follows; 1. In Bul-Chun-Wi Sacrificial Rituals, family shrine has been maintained in good shape, and the table, dishes, and foods used in the rituals have not been changed so much until these days. 2. While vegetable soup is widely used as soup, one family uses the seaweed soup, the other soup mixed with meat, fish, and vegetable. Specially soybean-powdered soup, which is the distinguishable food in Andong area, has been used. 3. As a basic Ddock, mainly Si-Ru-Ddock(a steamed rice cake), piled up to 13-15 stacks, is used. Additional 7-9 kinds of Ddock are placed on top of the basic Ddock. 4. For grilled-meat food(Geuck), eight families use the raw meat, and one family uses the half-cooked meat. Recently, five families have used the cooked meat. Mostly used ones are meat-Geuck, fish-Geuck, chicken-Geuck, and the Geuck are not served one by one. Instead the Geuck are stacked in one dish designed for Geuck in order of meats from poultry, animal, fish, and shell. As the sub-dishes for rice, raw and cooked Geuck are used. 5. The number of stew (Tang) are 3 to 6 and 5 stews is the most popular. Commonly used stews are meat stew, fish stew, chicken stew, vegetable stew, blood stew, and organs stew. For the vegetable stew, buckwheat gel can be used. 6. As the fruit, chinese date, pear, nut and dried persimmons are the basic ones. The even number of 6 or 8 colorful fruits are used, while the odd number of 7 or 9 colorful fruits are used in three head families. 7. As Sik-Hae which is a drink and made from fermented rice, rice Sik-Hae or fish Sik-Hae has been necessarily used. 8. As raw meat dish, the liver of cow or meat is used. As a wrapping materials, the reticulum of a ruminant, green seaweed or thinly fried egg can be used.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: The analytical method was established for determination of fungicide chinomethionat in several animal commodities using gas chromatography (GC) coupled with electron capture detector (ECD). METHODS AND RESULTS: In order to verify the applicability, the method was optimized for determining chinomethonat in various livestock products including beef, pork, chicken, milk and egg. Chinomethionat residual was extracted using acetone/dichloromethane(9/1, v/v) with magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride (salting outassociated liquid-liquid extraction). The extract was diluted by direct partitioning into dichloromethane to remove polar co-extractives in the aqueous phase. The extract was finally purified with optimized silica gel 10 g. CONCLUSION: The method limit of quantitation (MLOQ) was 0.02 mg/kg, which was in accordance with the maximum residue level (MRL) of chinomathionate as 0.05 mg/kg in livestock product. Recovery tests were carried out at two levels of concentration (MLOQ, 10 MLOQ) and resulted in good recoveries (84.8~103.0%). Reproducibilities were obtained (Coefficient of variation <5.2%), and the linearity of calibration curves were reasonable (r²>0.995) in the range of 0.01-0.2 ㎍/mL. This established analytical method was fully validated and could be useful for quantification of chinomathionat in animal commodities as official analytical method.