• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2013

검거세미나방(Agrotis ipsilon)은 다양한 작물에 피해를 주며 특히 골프장 잔디에 심각한 피해를 주는 해충이다. 식물정유는 해충방제를 위한 대체방제제의 하나이다. 본 연구는 16종의 식물정유(anise, camphor, cinnamon, citronella, clove, fennel, geranium, lavender, lemongrass, linseed, neem, peppermint, pine, thyme, turpentine and tea saponin)와 파라핀오일의 검거세미나방에 대한 방제효과를 실내와 온실, 야외에서 검정하였다. 온실의 퍼레니얼라이그라스 pot에 각각의 정유를 처리한 결과 anis, cinnamon, neem, paraffin, turpentine 처리에서 잔디피해가 적었으며 neem oil (4,000, 2,000, 1,000 ppm) 처리시 검거세미나방 치사율은 각각 100, 100, 64%였다. 2,000 ppm neem oil처리 퍼레니얼라이그라스 잎을 섭식한 검거세미나방 유충의 체중은 무처리에 비해 5배정도 낮았다. 2~3령충 검거세미나방에 대하여 pot와 야외에서 고농도 neem oil 처리 후 관수가(20,000 ppm 0.1 L 처리 후 물 0.9 L $m^2$ 살포) 저농도의 다량살포 (2,000 ppm 1 L $m^2$)에 비하여 효과가 높았으나 4령충에 대해서는 효과가 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.674-680
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• 2016

This study investigated the effects of feeds naturally contaminated with mycotoxins on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, carcass traits, and splenic heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) mRNA expression levels in broiler chickens. The efficacy of yeast cell wall (YCW) adsorbent in preventing mycotoxicosis was also evaluated. Three hundred 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 3 treatments in completely randomized design for 42 d. Each treatment group had 5 replicate pens with 20 birds. The treatments were as follows: i) basal diet (control), ii) naturally contaminated diet (NCD), and iii) NCD+0.2% YCW adsorbent (NCDD). The NCD decreased average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.01) of 0 to 21 d, 22 to 42 d, and 0 to 42 d, and increased feed conversion ratio (p<0.01) of 22 to 42 d and 0 to 42 d. Both the breast meat percentage and thigh meat percentage of the NCD group were significantly higher (p<0.01) than that of the control group on d 21. The NCD group showed significantly increased levels of triglycerides (p<0.05) and cholesterol (p<0.05) on both d 21 and d 42 compared to the control group. However, the NCD significantly reduced (p<0.01) the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on d 42 compared to controls. Compared with the NCD, supplementation with YCW significantly improved (p<0.01) the ADG of 0 to 21 d and 0 to 42 d, and increased (p<0.01) concentrations of HDL on d 42, and on d 21, and triglycerides (p<0.05) on d 21 and d 42. Supplementation with YCW reduced (p<0.01) the breast meat percentage, the thigh meat percentage, the concentrations of cholesterol (p<0.01) and the low-density lipoprotein (p<0.05) on d 21, and improved (p<0.01) the splenic Hsp70 mRNA expression levels compared with the NCD group. The results of this study indicated that feeding NCD for 42 d had adverse effects on broiler chickens, and that YCW might be beneficial in counteracting the effects of mycotoxins.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2016

Objectives : This study is to research on usage patterns, recognition of system to Korean medicine among high school students who are the potential future medical consumer. Methods : Based on the questionnaire used by KIHASA(Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs) in 2011 and KHIDI(Korea Health Industry Development Institute) in 2014, modifications were made to make questionnaire more suitable for this research. This self-administered questionnaire was conducted among 1,025 highschool students of 3 high schools in Ulsan city on september, 2015. Except 19 cases which considered statistically insignificant or with unreliable responses, 1,007 cases were analyzed by p-paired test and ANOVA test through the SPSS 22.0 for Win program. Results : Most of the high school students(66.5%) do not have an experience on Korean medical care. The number of students' first experience on Korean medical care is the largest during their elementary school (34.9%), which means the treatment was mostly for restorative reasons like growth care. The later the time of their first experience on Korean medical care, the higher ratio was shown on their recent utilization of Korean medical care. Korean medicine was rarely covered in most cases of public health education at school, and this public health education and usage pattern on Korean medicine have positive correlation. Compared 'Group who have used Korean medical care in 1 years except recent 3 months' to the 'Group who have used Korean medical care in 3 recent months', the former showed higher recognition in Korean medical care and insurance system. Conclusions : The proportion of Korean medicine is as low as 4.5% to whole medical market, and most of the consumers are senior. In addition, the aging phenomenon of Korean medical consumer have been continued. This specialized study on usage patterns and recognition among youth can be the basic research data which can be used for promotion, education and establishment of health policy and health care system.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.229-244
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• 2014

Background: Antibiotic skin test(AST) is very useful for the diagnosis of drug allergies to prevent immediate allergic reactions. Although it is a safe and widespread method, it is performed very diversely by doctors and nurses without consistency and it also differs from countries and hospitals. This study aims to evaluate the current practice of AST by nurses in Korea and to compare it to the general guidelines. Methods: During January 1, 2013 to May 20, 2013, the study was conducted as questionnaires and case-based survey. The questionnaires were given to the nurses who were randomly selected in various University Hospitals (University Hospitals N=276, and Medical center N=19). The case-based surveys were given to the nurses who were conducting AST at various wards of a University Hospital (N=130). The analysis and evaluations of the responses were carried out. Results: The response rate for the questionnaires was 97.6% and 130 cases of the actual case-based surveys were collected. There were clear differences between the survey results and the general guidelines, such as the method of skin test (skin prick test was not conducted), the method of patient selection for AST, test drugs, concentration, volume and interpretation of AST. AST conducted by nurses was highly variable and inconsistent, even among nurses who worked in the same wards and hospitals. Manufactured standard concentration antibiotic solution of AST showed consistency of concentration to a certain degree. Conclusion: Although the general guidelines have been published by several countries including Korea, these are not a great help to nurses as they lack details for conducting AST, practical consideration for nurses in the clinical setting, propagation and education. Standardized guideline for nurses should be published and it should be a safe, clear, comfortable and easily accessible protocol. Futhermore, additional antibiotic solutions to standardize skin test should be developed and manufactured. Lastly, it would be the pharmacists role to compare their hospitals antibiotic skin test methods with the standard guidelines and develop a protocol within the hospital for patients' safety, and to strive to consistently implement it.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.397-410
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 한국 성인의 건강행태군집 유형을 확인하고 이와 관련된 요인들을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2009년도 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이차분석 하였다. 신체활동, 흡연, 음주 변수를 이용하여 19세부터 64세까지 성인 대상자의 건강행태유형을 군집분석으로 파악하였고 이 유형들과 인구사회학적 특성 및 건강상태의 연관성을 확인하기 위해 SPSS WIN 21 복합표본설계 분석모듈을 이용하여 카이제곱 검정과 다항로지스틱 분석을 실시하였다. 한국 성인의 건강행태군집 유형은 건강증진군, 흡연군, 음주군, 수동적 태도군, 그리고 위험행위군의 총 5개 유형으로 분류되었고 수동적 태도군에 속하는 대상자의 빈도가 47.7%로 가장 높았다. 인구사회학적 특성, 고혈압, 그리고 우울증상 경험은 대상자가 건강증진군 보다는 나머지 4개의 건강위해 행위군에 속하는 것과 유의한 연관을 보이는 변수였다. 본 연구결과는 건강증진프로그램이 단일 행위에 초점을 맞추기 보다는 대상자의 건강행태유형에 초점을 맞추어 통합적으로 기획되어야 함을 보여주고 있다. 추후연구에서는 인구사회학적 특성과 건강상태뿐만 아니라 사회적 지지나 사회적 네트워크와 같은 사회심리적 요인과 건강행태유형과의 관계를 규명하는 것이 필요하다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.367-372
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• 2014

Background: We compared the mid-term results of the Cox maze IV procedure using argon-based cryoablation with a procedure using $N_2O$-based cryoablation. Methods: From May 2006 to June 2012, 138 patients (mean age, $58.2{\pm}11.0$ years) underwent the Cox maze IV procedure. Eighty-five patients underwent the maze procedure using an $N_2O$-based cryoprobe (group N), and 53 patients underwent the maze procedure using an argon-based cryoprobe (group A). Bipolar radiofrequency ablation was concomitantly used in 131 patients. The presence of atrial fibrillation immediately, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery was compared. Results: Early mortality occurred in 6 patients (4.3%). There were no differences in early mortality or postoperative complications between the two groups. Nineteen of 115 patients (16.5%) remained in atrial fibrillation at postoperative 12 months (14 of 80 patients (17.5%) in group N and 5 of 35 patients (14.3%) in group A, p=0.669). There were no differences in the number of patients who remained in atrial fibrillation at any of the time periods except in the immediate postoperative period. A multivariable analysis revealed that the energy source of cryoablation was not associated with the presence of atrial fibrillation at 1 year (p=0.862) and that a fine F wave (<0.1 mV) was the only risk factor predicting the presence of atrial fibrillation at 1 year (p<0.001, odds ratio=20.287). Conclusion: The Cox maze IV procedure using an argon-based cryoprobe was safe and effective compared with the maze procedure using an $N_2O$-based cryoprobe in terms of operative outcomes and the restoration of sinus rhythm for up to 2 years after surgery.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2014

Background or Objectives : The purpose of this study is to measure surface Electromyography(sEMG) of facial muscles in normal person and to find method for standardizing of sEMG's value. Methods : We measured 3points on face, frontalis muscle($GB_{14}$), zygomaticus muscle($SI_{18}$), orbicularis oris muscle($LI_{19}$) of 40 normal person by sEMG. 40 normal person consist with two groups, each 20 male, 20 female. Average age of subject was $26.50{\pm}4.79$. SEMG instrument QEMG-4 XL was used. After training exercise of facial muscles, sEMG's root mean square value was measured once. Results : 1. In whole experimental group, frontalis muscle's both side average was $78.36{\pm}40.87$, zygomaticus muscle's both side average was $84.70{\pm}49.81$, orbicularis oris's both side average was $104.83{\pm}38.81$. 2. Left side of Frontalis muscle, both side of zygomaticus muscle are high marked in male than female in statistically. 3. In whole experimental group, average of ratio comparing smaller value with bigger value in difference between left side and right side was $19.60{\pm}12.88$ %. 4. Average of asymmetry index(AI) was $11.46{\pm}8.36$ %. orbicularis oris muscle's average of AI had least difference was $8.95{\pm}7.50$ %. zygomaticus muscle's average of AI had most difference was $13.95{\pm}8.90$ %. Conclusions : The result of this study could provide useful information of field of sEMG is used in oriental medicine treatment of facial muscles. To assess efficacy of treatment in facial muscles, we need to standardize facial muscle's sEMG values by using AI, ratio comparing values and etc.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.205-224
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• 2016

수학불안은 부정적인 수학에 대한 자아개념을 형성 하게 할 뿐 아니라 학습 장애 요인으로 작용할 수 있기에 수학불안 요인을 찾고 그에 알맞은 처치 방안을 고안해내는 것이 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 고등학교 학생들을 대상으로 수학 내적 요인, 학습 방법 요인, 시험 및 성적 요인, 수학 외적 요인을 감소시켜줄 수 있는 심리적 처치프로그램을 개발 하고, 개발된 프로그램을 적용시킴으로써 수학불안 감소에 어떠한 효과가 있는지를 연구하였다. 수원에 위치한 S 외국어고등학교 총 11명의 학생을 연구 대상으로 하였고, 10주간 심리적 처치 프로그램 실시 후에 수학불안과 뇌파검사를 측정하고, 이를 분석하였다. 분석결과 본 프로그램의 지속적인 심리적 처치는 어느 정도 수학불안 감소에 도움이 될 수 있으며, 수학불안에 대해 학생별 진단이 지필 검사지에 의한 일차적 분석에만 근거하지 않고, EEG에 의한 다차원적인 요인 분석의 가능성을 확인하는 계기가 되었다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2015

Objective: Treatment with sulfonylureas in combination with metformin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but is associated with hypoglycemia and weight gain. This retrospective study aims to compare the effectiveness of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and sulfonylureas as an add-on therapy to metformin in patients with T2DM. Methods: Data from medical records of 355 T2DM patients received therapy either DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitor group) or sulfonylurea (SU group) in combination with metformin from 1 March 2009 to 30 September 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Of total 355 patients, 231 patients were in DPP-4 inhibitor group and 124 patients were in SU group. Baseline Hemoglobin $A_{1c}$ ($HbA_{1c}$) level in SU group was higher than DPP-4 inhibitor group with a statistically significant difference (8.6% vs. 7.8%). Comparative analysis between DPP-4 inhibitor group and SU group was performed for $HbA_{1c}$ values, amounts of $HbA_{1c}$ changes, and rates of $HbA_{1c}$ changes from baseline at 6-month intervals and incidence rates of major cardiocerebral events. Results: SU group showed larger $HbA_{1c}$ changes in both amounts and rates compared to DPP-4 inhibitor group, although statistical significance was not found in all study periods. Proportions of patients with stable $HbA_{1c}$ <6.5% or 7% were significantly higher in DPP-4 inhibitor group than SU group (<6.5%: 30.4% vs. 13.4%, <7%: 72.3% vs. 41.2%). Time to achieve stable $HbA_{1c}$ <6.5% was not significantly different, but time to achieve stable $HbA_{1c}$ <7% was shorter in DPP4 inhibitor group than SU group with a significant difference. The incidence rate of cardiocerebral events in group of patients with or without previous events was 1.7%, not significantly lower than that in DPP-4 inhibitor group (4.0%). For newly encountered cardiocerebral events during the treatment, incidence rates of two groups did not differ significantly. Conclusion: DPP-4 inhibitors were as effective as sulfonylureas in achieving the $HbA_{1c}$ goal of less than 6.5% or 7% and cardiocerebral event rates did not differ between the two drugs.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.242-249
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• 2015

Objective : The timing of cranioplasty and method of bone flap storage are known risk factors of non-union and resorption of bone flaps. In this animal experimental study, we evaluated the efficacy of cranioplasty using frozen autologous bone flap, and examined whether the timing of cranioplasty after craniectomy affects bone fusion and new bone formation. Methods : Total 8 rabbits (male, older than 16 weeks) were divided into two groups of early cranioplasty group (EG, 4 rabbits) and delayed cranioplasty group (DG, 4 rabbits). The rabbits of each group were performed cranioplasty via frozen autologous bone flaps 4 weeks (EG) and 8 weeks (DG) after craniectomy. In order to obtain control data, the cranioplasty immediate after craniectomy were made on the contralateral cranial bone of the rabbits (control group, CG). The bone fusion and new bone formation were evaluated by micro-CT scan and histological examination 8 weeks after cranioplasty on both groups. Results : In the micro-CT scans, the mean values of the volume and the surface of new bone were $50.13{\pm}7.18mm^3$ and $706.23{\pm}77.26mm^2$ in EG, $53.78{\pm}10.86mm^3$ and $726.60{\pm}170.99mm^2$ in DG, and $31.51{\pm}12.84mm^3$ and $436.65{\pm}132.24mm^2$ in CG. In the statistical results, significant differences were shown between EG and CG and between DG and CG (volume : p=0.028 and surface : p=0.008). The histological results confirmed new bone formation in all rabbits. Conclusion : We observed new bone formation on all the frozen autologous bone flaps that was stored within 8 weeks. The timing of cranioplasty may showed no difference of degree of new bone formation. Not only the healing period after cranioplasty but the time interval from craniectomy to cranioplasty could affect the new bone formation.