• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.13-25
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the change process in order to set the improvement strategies for the zoo in the Seoul Children's Grand Park. The zoo can be reviewed through three significant time periods with noticeable changes. As a framework to analyze the major changes that happened in the zoo, this study looks at the changes in terms of the planning aspect as well as the animal welfare and program operation aspect. The findings are as follows: first, the era of general theme park turned out to have focused on exhibiting animals to meet visitor demands by expanding the zoo area of the zoo without enlarging stockyards for the animals. Second, the environmental park era created a zoo having entertaining and educational functions by arranging animal houses with the concept of zoological taxonomy and introducing animal behavioral enrichment, animal welfare programs and visitor participatory programs. The era of the zoo as an Urban Cultural Park improved old animal houses and facilities for the welfare of the animals and increased educational programs to preserve species and provide environmental education. The current status of the zoo turns out not to meet the conditions for creating an ecological zoo, which is the overall goal for contemporary zoos. The improvement strategies based on the analysis through three different eras are three-fold. First, the zoo needs to improve the boundary conditions of the animals to showcase animal wildness through landscape immersion. Second, the zoo should provide a shared environment for animals from the same habitats by changing the classification methods from the existing polyphyletic taxon to a classification that considers ecological habitat. Third, the zoo needs to develop various ecological education programs by supplementing specialists in professional education.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.471-481
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• 2021

The importance of science education for cultivating the competencies required by an intelligent information society is gradually being strengthened. The government's roles and responsibilities for science education are stipulated by laws and policies in Korea. In order to systematically support science education, continuous monitoring of related policies is essential. This study aims to develop indicators that can be used to systematically and continuously monitor the national policies on science education in Korea. To achieve this goal, we first derive the framework for the indicators that has two dimensions (learner and science education context) and three categories (input, process, and outcome) from literature reviews. In order to derive the components and subcomponents of the indicators, the contents of science education-related indicators developed in Korea or abroad were reviewed. In order to verify the suitability and validity of the framework and components of the initial indicators, a two-round Delphi method was conducted with 25 expert participants with five different professions in science education. Finally, three components of the 'input' category (student characteristics, teacher characteristics, and educational infrastructure), three components of the 'process' category (science curriculum implementation, science educational contents and programs implementation, and teacher professional development program implementation), and five components of the 'outcome' category (science competency, participation and action, affective achievement, cognitive achievement, and satisfaction) were derived. An instrument to collect data from students, teachers, and institutions was developed based on the components and subcomponents, and content validity and internal consistency of the instrument were analyzed. Korea's Science Education Indicators developed in this study can comprehensively measure the current status of science education and is expected to contribute to a more efficient and effective science education policy planning and implementation.

• (The) Korean Journal of Educational Psychology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.571-596
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• 2018

Objectives: This study investigated the challenges of young cross-cultural individuals (CCIs) through the cultural homelessness (CH) framework. Methods: Through a survey of 151 CCIs, the study empirically examined the relationship between CH and psychological well-being (PWB), as well as the moderating role of emotional clarity (EC). Results: Results indicated that CH was significantly and negatively associated with PWB, especially on the Positive Relations with Others and Environmental Mastery dimensions. Individuals with high CH tended to have less satisfactory relationships and a reduced sense of control over daily life situations, regardless of their EC level. A significant interaction effect between CH and EC was found, specifically in Positive Relations with Others (PR) and Personal Growth (PG). For individuals with high CH, however, satisfactory relationships were dependent on their EC level; they reported more positive relationships with others when their EC levels were high. Interestingly, individuals with high CH were likely to report a high desire for personal growth regardless of their EC level, indicating that they may appear ambitious but may be experiencing unclear emotions. Conclusions: These findings suggest that CH and EC are issues that need to be dealt with simultaneously. As individuals' PWB depends not only on their CH level, but also on their EC, reducing the level of CH should not be the only goal in promoting the well-being of CCIs. Increasing individuals' EC would be just as important, as high EC, along with low CH, predicts important dimensions of PWB.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.149-170
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a Smart learning-based middle school home economics education plan to improve the online home economics education classes. The educational plan in this study was completed through the process of analysis, design, development, and evaluation. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing consumer life units in the middle school textbooks based on 2015-revised curriculum, Smart learning activities were presented in only two out of the 12 textbooks analyxed. Second, a Smart learning-based middle school home economics education plan was developed in this study with the following characteristics: the topics and contents are structured so that to help learners actively engage in the teaching and learning activities; the education plan to reflects various media and current issues that learners may be interested in; the lesson plans were structured with the premise of online classes; softwares that enable real-time discussion and collaboration are used; and the evaluation method are composed of online activities. Third, the expert evaluation scores for the educational plan and activity materials developed were 4.52 (5-point Likert scale), when averaged across subject, goal, content, teaching/learning activity, and evaluation, and the overall content validity index(CVI) was 0.95. The adequacy of execution, benefit, attractiveness, usefulness, and feasibility were highly with an average of 4.62. Based on the experts' comments, the education plan and activity materials were revised and completed. This study is meaningful in that it developed teaching and learning activities based on online classes after the COVID-19 outbreak, overcoming the limitations of offline classes. It has implications for face-to-face home economics classes due to COVID-19, as it suggests ways to blend online and offline teaching/learning activities depending on the situation.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to propose learning objectives in social dental hygiene by analyzing and reviewing learning objectives in oral health administration area of the existing public oral health. This study is a cross-sectional study. The subjects of the study selected with convenience extraction were 15 members of the social dental hygiene subcommittee of the Korean Society of Dental Hygiene Science. Data collection was conducted by self-filling questionnaire. The research tool is from 48 items of A division in the book of learning objectives in the dental hygienist national examination, and this study classified each of them into 'dental hygiene job relevance', 'dental hygiene competency relevance', 'timeliness', and 'value discrimination of educational goal setting' to comprise 192 items. Also, to collect expert opinions, this study conducted Delphi survey on 7 academic experts. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 23.0 program (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Recoding was performed according to the degree of relevance of each learning objective and frequency analysis was performed. This study removed 18 items from the whole learning objectives in the dental hygienist national examination in the oral health administration area of public oral health. Fifteen revisions were made and 15 existing learning objectives were maintained. Forty-five learning objectives were proposed as new social dental hygiene learning objectives. The topics of learning objectives are divided into social security and medical assistance, oral health care system, oral health administration, and oral health policy. As a result of this study, it was necessary to construct the learning objectives of social dental hygiene in response to changing situation at the time. The contents of education should be revised in order of revision of learning objectives, development of competency, development of learning materials, and national examination.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2011

In this study a survey was conducted with 431 students at the department of dental hygiene in three regions from April 2010 to investigate various actual states and levels of perception of their major commitment. Department-Climate and levels of major commitment were classified and described through cross-tabulation analysis; multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to predict the level of major commitment perceived for department climate and identify its influence. Major commitment classified into three levels about Inferiority, Normality and Superiority. Recognition factor of Major field was divided into external factor, eternal factor. External factor classified into professor, friends, facilities, administration-service and quality of education. As well as, eternal factor was department climate. Eternal factor consisted of relationship dimensions, goal-orientation dimensions, system maintenance dimensions and system change dimensions. This study was conducted to get a phenomenal understanding of students' learning in the major field and their school life. With this study, if friends and professor raise students at the Department of Dental Hygiene's department-climate recognition, their major-commitment will rise. And high major-commitment will be bring about their professional ability.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2011

Under the goal of investigating relations between emotional labor and sleep health according to the personality types of dental hygienists, who provide high quality medical service at dental clinics, this study surveyed 220 dental hygienists in Gumi city from July 2 to 21, 2010. The surveyed dental hygienists scored average 2.75 in emotional labor, which means their emotional labor was higher than average. Their emotional labor was in statistically significant relations with such general characteristics as educational background, place of work, salary, and drinking(p<0.05). The means of their emotional labor in six items were analyzed according to the personality types. As a result, personality type A had higher means in emotional labor than personality type B with statistical significance(p<0.05). The more stress they had from emotional labor, the worse their sleep health became. As for the relations between emotional labor and sleep health according to the personality types, the bad sleep health group accounted for 88.1% and recorded 2.85 mean scores in emotional labor, which was statistically significant(p<0.05), in personality type A. The regression analysis results of emotional labor in personality type A and sleep health indicate that the more emotional labor in personality type A they had, the worse their sleep health became. As for causality between personality type A and emotional labor, "difficulty with sleeping," "a feeling of lack of sleep when waking up," and "taking sleeping pills" had significant influences on the emotional labor of personality type A. Dental hygienist who owns the characteristics of personality type A, the more emotional labor, emotional stress of personality type A labor is high and unhealthy sleep affects the results were derived.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.387-403
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• 1998

These days our nation is standing on tiptoe of welfare nation. so hospital in authority have done reformation to provide quality medical services. This effective nursing work to provide quality nursing by keeping pace with the reformation of management of hospital for quality medical function might be well said to be depending on the degree of function of nursing management of nursing department. This essay has been aimed to prepare the data to build the position of nursing organization which can elevate the quality of nursing by clarifying the difference of the degree of the function of nursing management according to the position of nursing department in hospital organization. 135 nurses of 1 general hospital in Seoul which has independent nursing organization of the hospitals of over 600 beds and 155 nurses of 1 general hospital in Seoul which has the nursing organization under the management of medical department have been the objects of this study. The tool of Yoon. Young Ae(1988) has been used by having it amended and complemented and the degree of reliability of the tool was resulted in Cronbach's Alpha .9155. The collected data have been analysed by SPSS program as mean. frequency, chi-square. t-test. F-test(ANOVA) and the results are as the follows; 1. Compared result of general characteristics of the two groups by $x^2$-test showed statistically significant difference between religion ($x^2$=10.375, p=.015) and educational background($x^2$=51.222. p=.000) 2. The t-test aimed to compare the degree of function of nursing management according to the position of nursing department is as the below: Compared result of the degree of the function of nursing management according to the areas has shown higher point in independent type(M=3.22) than in the type under the management of medical department(M=2.85) in the personnel and administrative activities of nursing department. the standard and regulation of nursing duty also showed higher point in independent than in the type under the management of medical department (M=3.37) and the education of nursing showed higher point in independent type(M=3.53) than in the type under the management of medical department(M=3.19) and the evaluation of nursing quality has shown higher point in independent type(M=3.33) than in the type under the management of medical department(M=3.05), The area which showed the highest difference of the degree of the function of nursing management between the two organizations was in the activities of personnel and administration management of nursing department (independent type M=3.22. the type under the management of medical department(M=2.85). The degree of function of general nursing management showed higher in independent type nursing organization than in the type under the management of medical department by 3.41 in independent type and 3.11 in the type under the management of medical department. The items which showed the lowest degree of function of nursing management of both organizations have been suitable nursing man power and distribution and the reflection of the opinion of nursing department. In conclusion. the degree of function of nursing management to be able to provide quality nursing for the hospital goal of quality medical works showed visibly higher in independent nursing organization than in the nursing organization under the management of medical department. Therefore it is desirable for the hospital to operate the nursing department in hospital organization by independent type rather than the type under the management of medical department and the chief of nursing department of the nursing organization of the type under the management of medical department should make effort to reform its structure to be able to establish the position of performing independent nursing management. And also the chief of the nursing organization of independent type should endeavor to build substantial independent type organization more than ever under the viewpoint of securing suitable nursing man power and the low degree of management in the reflection of the opinion of nursing department.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.170-181
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• 1996

Objective : This study was tried to investigate the specific relationships among cognitve function, neurbehavioral symptoms, and daily living functions, as well as provide the guidline of more proper clinical approches for patients with subcortical cerebrovascular disease. Objects and Methods Subjects were 85 patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by brain CT or MRI and controls were 195 normal persons matched by educational level with the subjects. The cognitive functions were evaluated by BNA(Benton neuropsychiatric assessment), subjective neurobehavioral symptoms by SCL-90-R(Sympton Check List-90-Revised), objective neurobehavioral symptoms by NRS(Neurobehavioral Rating Scale), and daily living function symptoms by NRS(Neurobehavioral Rating Scale), and daily living function by GERRI(Geriatric Evaluation by Relative's Rating Instrument) and IADL(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale). Results: 1) Subjects showed significantly lower cognitive functions than controls in all tests of BNA except Lt-Rt Orientation Test(p=0.09) and facial Recognition Test(p=0.186). 2) In subjective neurobehavioral symptoms, subjects showed significantly lower scores in all symptoms except anxiety(p=0.059), hostility(p=0.159), and phobic anxiety(p=0.849). But in objects neurobehavioral symptoms, subjects showed significantly higher in scores in psychoticism (p=0.000) and neuroticism(p=0.025) of NRS. 3) The score of social functioning of GERRI(p=0.000) and that of IADL(p=0.000) were significantly higher in subjects than in controls. 4) for correlation between cognitive and daily living functions, there were significant correlations between the scores of all items on BNA and the score of cognitive or social function of GERRI and the socre of MDL in corntrols, whereas in subjects, there were significant correlations only between the scores of BNA and the score of IADL. 5) for correlation between neuroehavioral symptoms and daily living functions, there were significant correlatons between the socre of subjective neurobehavioral symptoms and the scores of all subscales of GERRI and the score of MDL in controls. On the contrary, in subjects, there were significant correlations between the score of social function of GERRI and the score of objective neurobehavioral symptoms such as psychoticism, agitiation-hostility, and decrease d motivation-emotional withdrawl. Conclusion : Above results suggest that disturbances in specific function of brain may play a role as a predictor of impairments with specific daily living functions and also suggest that specific correlations among various functions may be useful as clinical parameters for setting of the treatment goal and for assessing the ongoing process in the treatment and rehavilitation of the patients with subcortical cerebrovascular disease.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-102
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• 1995

As the society is being industrialized, the fast-paced economic development that has caused substantial increase in cerebrovascular and coronary artery diseases and the industrial development and increased use of means of transportation have resulted in the rapid rise of incidents in external injuries as well. So the pubic has become acutely aware of the need for fast and effective emergency care delivery system. The goal of emergency care delivery system is to meet the emergency care needs of patients. The emergency care delivery system is seeking to efficiently satisfy the care needs of people. Therefore the purpose of this study is designed to develop an effective programs for emergency care delivery system in Korea. The following specific objectives were investigated. This emergency care delivery system must have the necessary man power, for transfering the patients, communication net work, and emergency care facilities. 1) Man power Emergency care requires n0t only specialized traning in the emergency treatment but also knowledge and experience i11 other related area, so emergency care personnel traning program should be designed in order to adapt to the specific need of emergency patients. It will be necessary to ensure professional personnel who aquires the sufficient traning and experience for emergency care and to look for legal basis. We have to develop re-educational programs for emergency nurse specialist. They should be received speciality of emergency nursing care so that they will work actively and positively in emergency part. Emergency medical doctor and nurse specialist should be given an education which is related in emergency and critical care. Emergency care personnel will continue to provide both acute and continuing care as partner with other medical team. 2) Transfering the patients. Successful management of pre-hospital care requires adequate traning for the emergency medical technician. Traning program should be required to participate in a actual first aids activites in order to have apportunities to acquire practical skills as well as theoretical knowledge. The system of emergency medical technician should be remarkablly successful with first responder firefighters. Establishing this system must add necessary ambulances operating at any given time. It will be necessary to standardize the ambulance size and equipment. Ambulance should be arranged with each and every fire station. 3) Communication net work. The head office of emergency commumication network should be arranged with the head office of fire station in community. It is proposed that Hot-line system for emergency care should be introduce. High controlled ambulance and thirtial emergency center should simultaneously equip critical-line in order to communication with each other. Ordinary ambulance and secondary emergency facility should also simultaneously equip emergency-line in order to communication with each other. 4) Emergency care facilities. Primary emergency care facilities should be covered with the ambulatory emergency patients-minor illness and injuires. Secondary emergency care facilities should be covered with the emergency admission patients. Third emergency care center should be covered with the critical patients who need special treatments and operation. Secondary and third emergency care facilities should employ emergency medical doctor and emergency nurse specialist to treat in-patients with severe and acute illness and multiple injuires. It should be fashioned for a system of emergency facilities that meets emergency patients needs. Provide incentives for increased number of emergency care facilities with traning in personal/clinical emergency care. 5) Finance It is recommended to put the finance of a emergency care on a firm basis. The emergency care delivery system should be managed by the government or accreditted organizations. In order to facilitate this relevant program the fund is needed for more efficient and effective emergency researchs, service, programs, and policy. 6) Gaining understanding and co-operation of pubic It is also important to undertake pubic education to improve understanding of first aids and C. P. R of individuals, communities and business. It is proposed that teachers and health officers be certified in C. P. R. The C. P. R education can be powerful influence save lives. Lastly appropriate emergency care information must be provided to the pubic for assisting them in choosing emergency care.