• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.161-173
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• 2020

Shear keys in precast concrete segmental bridges (PCSBs) are usually match-casting which is very labour intensive. In this research, an innovative match-casting-free construction was proposed by leaving small gap between the convex and the concave castellated shear keys in the joints of PCSBs. Specimen experiment, shear strength analysis and numerical simulation were conducted, investigating the loading performance of this new type of dry joints, the gap dry joints. Compared with match-casting joint specimens, it has been found from experiment that shear capacity of gap joint specimens significantly decreased ranging from 17.75% to 42.43% due to only partially constrained and contacted in case of gap dry joints. Through numerical simulation, the effects of bottom contacting location, the heights of the gap and the shear key base were analyzed to investigate strength reduction and methods to enhance shear capacity of gap joint specimens. Numerical results proved that shear capacity of gap dry joints under full contact condition was higher than that under partial contact. In addition, left contact destroyed the integrity of shear keys, resulting in significant strength reduction. Larger shear key base remarkably increased shear capacity of the gap joint. Experimental tests indicated that AASHTO provision underestimated shear capacity of the match-casting dry joint specimens, while the numerical results for the gap dry joint showed that AASHTO provision underestimated shear capacity of full contact specimens, but overestimated that of left contact specimens.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.179-199
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 학생이 가진 경제적 여건의 차이, 즉 교육격차에 따른 기초적 정보활용능력의 상관관계를 분석하는 데에 있다. 이를 위해 첫째, 학교별 정보활용교육 경험의 차를 통제할 수 있는 고등학교 1학년 629명을 대상으로 3월에 정보활용능력에 대한 자기 평가를 실시하였다. 더불어 학교 정보공시에 제시되는 학교별 고교 학비 지원 학생 비율로 학생들의 경제적 여건에 따른 학교별 교육격차를 확인하였다. 그리고 교육격차와 정보활용능력 간 상관관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 학교별 고교 학비 지원 학생 비율로 설명할 수 있는 교육격차와 정보활용능력 간에 통계적으로 유의미한 음의 상관관계를 강하게 갖는 것으로 조사되었다. 둘째, 교육격차가 정보활용능력에 미치는 영향 관계를 분석하기 위해 "도서관과 정보생활" 교과의 I II 영역별 회귀분석을 실시하고 교육격차에 따른 정보활용능력 점수의 회귀방정식을 도출했다. 이러한 연구 결과는 정보활용능력 격차를 완화시켜 갈 학교도서관의 교육적 역할을 강조하는 근거로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 체계적 정보활용교육의 제도화를 통해 이상적인 수준의 정보활용능력과 자기주도적 학습력 함양으로 교육격차를 보다 직접적이고 효율적으로 해소하는 발판이 될 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.303-317
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• 2013

Recently in South Korea, various methods are followed in decreasing educational gap between region and social classes through school education. The National Assessment Educational Achievement(NAEA) intends to strengthen responsibility of school education and manage quality of curriculum. Besides, the NAEA intends to bridge achievement gap which is one of educational gaps by grasping the characteristics of academic ability to guarantee basic academic ability. There is not much research about the educational gap among regional scales. Therefore in this study, to examine the achievement characteristics among regional scales closely, we analyse the 2010, 2011 NAEA results in elementary mathematics subject and explore characteristics of items which have sharp differences between local population sizes. The results of the analysis has been showed that the educational gap between 'big-sized cities' and 'small and midium-sized cities' has been increased, but the overall educational gap among regional scales has been decreased.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.705-716
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• 2014

This study starts from a question about the expectation that government policy reduces the educational gap by introducing digital textbooks. In addition, we try to figure out how to minimize the problems that will occur when digital textbooks are introduced and fully adopted. The purpose of this study is exploring the possibility that suing digital textbook deepens learning gap among students. Researchers are discussed that the gap between 'information' haves' and 'information' have-nots' and between 'the competent user' and 'the incompetent user' increase difference between 'knows' and 'know-nots' on the socio-economic class. These difference are likely to imply that using digital textbook is deepening the educational gap.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2019

Colleges of technology in Japan are characterized by specialized education starting from the first grades aged fifteen, making it particularly important to provide motivation for specialized subjects. The most difficult thing for teachers in the technical college is giving the motivation to a professional education to the lower grades who don't know the technology and engineering. Teachers tried to use and make a suitable example or an education material for their lecture. The generation gap with students makes it difficult for teachers to use examples of objects that students are actually familiar with in their daily life. To compensate for the generation gap with students, we asserted that education for lower grades should adopt the perspectives of students in higher grades. The relative closeness in age of lower and higher grades helps reduce the generation gap with students, which is advantageous in that teachers can share the perspectives of students.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2019

This study aims is to analyze of existing concepts of gender stereotypes and gender differences in wages, defining of gender pay gap determinants, and to evaluate the level of discrimination against women in Kazakhstan. This paper begins by reviewing trends in gender stereotypes and gender segregation during the past several decades. In this research, authors propose the methodological tools for presenting a standard form of evaluation of gender pay gap. The developed methodological tools will allow providing authentic and formal analysis on gender pay gap and identifying the main determinants of gender pay differences. Further, the obtained results showed the distribution of wage gap in Kazakhstan's regions and the Duncan's dissimilation index allows us to trace the dynamics of changes in the professional structure between men and women. According to the results, gender pay gap is narrowing with the reduction of the job level and discrimination is related to differences in human capital and education. Wages in the industrial sector are higher for men than for women, because men's professions are characterized by severe and unhealthy working conditions. In addition, employers prefer male managers, but if they take woman managers, they give them salary 3 times less.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.655-661
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• 2020

본 연구는 성인지적 관점을 기반으로 여성장애인의 역량강화를 위한 지역사회 중심의 정보화교육 지원방안을 고찰하였다. 첫째 과학기술정보통신부가 조사한 2018년도 '디지털정보격차 실태조사'를 활용하여 남성장애인과 여성장애인의 디지털정보격차의 현황을 파악하여 문제를 제기하였으며 둘째, 여성장애인 정보화격차 해소를 위한 법적 근거로서, 여성장애인을 위한 정보화교육지원 관련법을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 여성장애인이 이용할 수 있는 정보화교육지원 현황을 바탕으로 여성장애인종합지원센터 설치, 장애유형을 고려한 방문교육, 학습능력을 고려한 맞춤형 정보화 교육 개발 및 지원, 정보화 관련 지역사회 자원발굴 등 지역사회 중심의 역량강화 기반 여성장애인 정보화 교육 지원 방안을 제시 하였다.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.15-33
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• 2024

In this article, we considered a class of nonlinear variational hemivariational inequality problems and investigated a gap function and regularized gap function for the problems. We discussed the global error bounds for such inequalities in terms of gap function and regularized gap functions by utilizing the Clarke generalized gradient, relaxed monotonicity, and relaxed Lipschitz continuous mappings. Finally, as applications, we addressed an application to non-stationary non-smooth semi-permeability problems.

• 대한간호
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• 제20권4호통권112호
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• pp.68-73
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• 1981

한국에서의 간호원의 교육과 간호업무 기대간에는 어떤 $lceil$갭$rfloor$이 존재하는 것일까? 만약 존재한다면 이런 $lceil$갭$rfloor$의 본질은 무엇인가?

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1005-1013
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• 2021

코로나 19가 장기화되면서 기존 학력 격차가 더욱 심화되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 담임교사에게 학업 성취도 분석을 통해 학년 및 학급 내 학력 격차 실태를 시각적으로 확인하고, 이를 활용하여 학력 격차를 개선하기 위한 수업 설계 및 방안 탐색에 도움을 주기 위함이다. 학생들의 학년 초 국어, 수학 진단평가 점수 데이터를 K-means 알고리즘을 활용하여 클러스터로 시각화하였으며, 그 결과 유의미한 군집이 형성된 것을 확인했다. 또한, 교사 인터뷰 결과를 통해서 학생의 학습 수준 및 학업 성취 확인, 개별 보충지도 및 수준별 학습과 같은 수업 설계 등 학력 격차 개선에 본 시스템이 유의미한 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 곧, 학업 성취도 데이터 분석 시스템이 학력 격차 개선에 도움이 된다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구가 담임교사에게 학년 및 학급 내 학력 격차 개선 방안을 탐색하는 데에 실질적인 도움을 제공하며, 궁극적으로 학력 격차 개선에 기여하기를 기대한다.