• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Objectives: By the end of the 2000s, the economic situation in many European countries started to deteriorate, generating financial uncertainty, social insecurity and worse health status. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the recent financial crisis has affected the lifestyle health determinants and behaviours of older adults living in the Mediterranean islands. Methods: From 2005 to 2015, a population-based, multi-stage convenience sampling method was used to voluntarily enrol 2749 older adults (50% men) from 20 Mediterranean islands and the rural area of the Mani peninsula. Lifestyle status was evaluated as the cumulative score of four components (range, 0 to 6), that is, smoking habits, diet quality (MedDietScore), depression status (Geriatric Depression Scale) and physical activity. Results: Older Mediterranean people enrolled in the study from 2009 onwards showed social isolation and increased smoking, were more prone to depressive symptoms, and adopted less healthy dietary habits, as compared to their counterparts participating earlier in the study (p<0.05), irrespective of age, gender, several clinical characteristics, or socioeconomic status of the participants (an almost 50% adjusted increase in the lifestyle score from before 2009 to after 2009, p<0.001). Conclusions: A shift towards less healthy behaviours was noticeable after the economic crisis had commenced. Public health interventions should focus on older adults, particularly of lower socioeconomic levels, in order to effectively reduce the burden of cardiometabolic disease at the population level.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare healthy life style and chronic disease management between urban and rural older adults. Methods: The study employed a comparative and descriptive survey design. Data were collected from 154 older adults living independently in communities (79 from urban and 75 from rural areas) using structured questionaries from 24 July, 2010 to 14 August, 2011. Results: Perceived health status was significantly lower in urban older adults than those in rural areas ($x^2$=13.27, p = .001). Frequency of regular health examination was better in the urban group than the rural group ($x^2$=4.71, p = .030). Among older adults with hypertension, medication noncompliance was higher, and participation rate in disease management education was lower in the rural group than the urban group ($x^2$=6.43, p = .040; $x^2$=23.51, p<.001, respectively) and the same as arthritis. Conclusion: Rural older adults had more problems with health and disease management in this study, might be, due to difficulties in access to health care services than urban residents. More tailored programs of disease management as well as health service programs and staffing should be developed in rural areas. For urban older adults, meal preparation program and more opportunities producing income may be needed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2021

본 연구는 2015년부터 2019년까지 국내외에서 발표된 한국 노인 대상 국내외 민간의료보험에 관한 선행연구의 경향을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 향후 노인 대상 민간의료보험 관련 연구 및 활용 방향에 대한 시사점을 제시하기 위한 문헌 고찰 연구이다. 본 연구에는 양적 학술연구 논문 19편이 분석에 포함되었으며, 논문 발표 시기, 연구 목적, 자료원, 연구 설계 등으로 나누어 자료를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 노인의 민간의료보험 가입 결정을 방해하는 요인으로 고령, 저소득, 저학력, 만성질환 등이 유의미한 요인으로 확인되었다. 민간의료보험 가입과 의료 이용과의 관계는 긍정적인 영향을 미치기도 하고 부정적인 영향을 미치기도 하여 어느 한 방향으로 일관되지 않았으나 민간의료보험 가입과 주관적 건강상태, 건강관련 삶의 질 등의 건강 성과와는 대부분 긍정적인 관련이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 의료 이용과 의료요구도가 높은 노인에게 민간의료보험이 보충적 의료의 역할을 담당하기 위해서는 노인에 대한 민간의료보험 가입 장벽을 해소할 수 있는 국가 차원의 개선 정책이 개발되어야 하며, 민간의료보험 활용의 근거 생성을 위하여 노인을 대상으로 의료 이용과 건강 성과와 관련 다양한 실증연구를 수행하여야 한다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.187-201
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the health status and health promoting behavior of older adults in rural area. The design of research was descriptive study. 883 older adults over sixty years living in the rural area of Pusan city were surveyed from July 9. 1999 to July 20. 1999 through direct interview using a questionnaire and physical examination. The collected data were analyzed for percentage. mean. Chi square-test. ANOVA using the SPSS computerized program. The main results were as follows: 1. 43.4% of subjects lived alone or with only partner. 2. 37.13% of subjects had perceived own health condition as bad. 3. Major 'chronic diseases that the subjects were suffered were diabetes(25.94%) and hypertension(9.11%). 4. The mean score of perceived depression was 17.71 of 44. 5. 87.98% of subjects replied that they had good relationship with their family and friends. 6. 8.57% of subjects were identified as over weight. while 10.85% were low weight. 7. 29.93% of subjects replied that they were smoking. By the group. the rate of smoking of man was significantly higher than women. and lower age group than higher age group, and higher education group than lower education group. 8. 70.38% of subjects didn't practice exercise. By the group, the rate of exercise of woman was significantly lower than man, and higher age group than lower age group, and lower education group than higher education group. 9. 12.33% of subjects replied for the frequency of drinking as more three -times a week. By the groups. man showed significantly more frequency than woman. the lower age group than higher age group, the lower education group than the higher education group. 11. The mean score of nutrition state was 3.73 which means moderate risk state. 12. The 57.53% of subjects replied, their sleeping time as below 7 hours. 13. The 15.75% of subjects had experience a periodical inspection. In conclusion, older adults in rural area were identified having various health risk factor, Looking at the results. It is necessary to develope health promotion program which enhances older adults to practice health promoting behavior and to manage their chronic disease.

• 인지과학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.67-84
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• 2023

이 연구는 최근 급증하고 있는 대한민국 노인들(만70-75세)을 대상으로 읽기 노출 정도에 따라 집단을 구분하여 문장 읽기 안구운동 추적 실험으로 실시간 데이터를 수집하고, 젊은 성인(만20-28세)과 전반적인 글읽기 양상과 단어 빈도 효과를 비교하고자 했다. 나아가 글읽기 노출이 많은 노인들과 글읽기 노출이 적은 노인들의 안구운동 추적 실험 결과를 통해 글 읽기 수행의 어려움이 노화가 아니라 읽기 노출에도 영향을 미치는 지를 알아보고자 했다. 실험 결과, 글읽기 노출이 적은 집단은 젊은 성인 집단보다 전반적으로 눈이 머무르는 고정시간이 길고 눈의 건너뛰기는 짧았고, 글읽기 노출이 많은 노인 집단은 젊은 성인 집단과 동일한 읽기 양상이 나타났다. 모든 집단에서 단어 빈도효과를 확인하였으며 읽기 노출이 많은 노인 집단, 읽기 노출이 적은 노인 집단 순으로 고정시간이 짧게 나타났다. 또한 글 읽기 노출에 따른 두 노인 집단에서는 상호작용 효과가 나타났지만, 젊은 성인 집단과 글읽기 노출이 많은 노인 집단 차이에서 상호작용을 확인 할 수 없었다. 이는 나이 그 자체가 글 읽기 수행에 영향을 미치는 것이 아니라 노인들의 읽기 노출의 경험이 글 읽기 수행에 영향을 준다는 가능성을 시사한다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-69
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• 2009

본 연구는 '노인을 위한 죽음준비교육'의 효과를 검정하기 위한 연구이다. 노인은 인간발달단계로 볼 때 죽음을 가장 가까이 접하고 있는데, 죽음에 대한 태도는 긍정적 혹은 부정적으로 복합적일 수 있다. 노인이 죽음에 대해 긍정적인 태도를 가지게 되면 그들의 삶의 질이 좋아지고 편안한 죽음을 맞이할 수 있다고 보는 견해가 지배적이다. 이에 본 연구는 10주간의 죽음준비교육 프로그램을 주 1회 100분씩 60세 이상의 노인 38명에게 실시하여 노인의 죽음에 대한 태도와 우울에 대해 긍정적인 변화를 검정하고자 하였다. 교육은 2기에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 1기 22명의 노인에게는 2008년 1월 16일 부터 3월 26일까지, 2기 16명의 노인에게는 2008년 4월 16일부터 6월 18일까지 교육을 실시했다. 10주간 이루어진 강의주제는 "죽음준비교육의 필요성, 존엄한 죽음을 위한 3가지 대안, 죽음 끝이 아니다(I, II), 호스피스(I, II), 죽음의 9가지 유형(I, II, III), 죽음을 알면 자살하지 않는다."이다. 죽음준비교육을 실시한 다음 죽음에 대한 태도와 우울 점수를 교육 실시 전 점수와 t-test로 검정한 결과, 교육실시 이후에는 실시 이전보다 노인의 죽음에 대한 태도가 유의미하게 긍정적으로 변화하였다. 우울 정도의 점수는 감소하였으나 그 감소는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 또한 노인대상자의 죽음준비교육 실시 이전과 실시 이후에 죽음태도와 우울간의 상관관계는 Pearson correlation coefficients로 분석한 결과, 교육 실시 이전과 실시 이후 모두 강한 역 상관관계를 보여 죽음태도가 긍정적일수록 우울정도가 낮았다. 그러나 교육 전·후 우울 정도와 상관관계의 변화는 없었다. 그러므로 본 연구는 노인계층 대상으로 일정기간 동안 규칙적으로 죽음준비교육프로그램을 실시할 수 있다면, 죽음에 대한 노인들의 태도를 긍정적으로 변화시킬 수 있음을 입증하였다. 아울러 지금까지 국내에서 체계적으로 이루어지지 못하고 있는 노인을 위한 죽음준비교육 프로그램 개발과 활용 기반을 확장하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2007

This study was undertaken to develop web-based nutrition information contents for the older adults. Twenty six domestic web-sites were analyzed and then 12 foreign web-sites and 4 education materials for the elderly of foreign university were benchmarked. Also a lot of literatures on elderly education program were reviewed. A card-sorting task was performed with 8 older adults to ascertain how the target audience organized information about nutrition. The results were as fellows. Among 26 domestic web-sites, 2 sites(7.7%) were only for the elderly. Main topics of information contents for the elderly included 'Importance of Healthy Eating', 'DRI', 'Dietary Guidelines'. Four of twelve foreign web-sites were for the elderly nutrition education. Topics of 'Dietary Guideline', 'Meal Program' were found in 4 sites and 'Importance of Healthy Eating', 'Diet & Disease', 'DRI, 'Food Guide Pyramid', 'Nutrition Fact Labels' were found in 3 sites. Education materials of foreign university dealt with basic information on 'nutrient needs changes related with aging', 'Heart & Bone Healthy Eating Plan', 'Food Guide Pyramid'. Also topics on 'Eating on a budget', 'Eating Out Guideline' were included for practical use for the elderly. Based on card-sorting process, contents framework for web-site was developed and 4 main menus for framework were respectively named as 'Nutrition', 'Meals', 'Foods'. 'Check up Nutritional Health' by panel discussion. Finally we developed nutrition information contents for 4 main menus. We focused on helping older adults recognize the importance of healthy eating and apply the nutrition information to practical use. We expect that the developed framework of contents can be a guideline for indentifying the information needs of older adults in developing effective nutrition intervention program. And we suggest that the survey for target people should be peformed for the web-site to be user-friendly designed and the developed contents be evaluated and revised in the near future.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.67-82
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• 2008

Purpose: The objective of this study were to examine the determinants of self-rated health, specially focused on the effect of functional capacity of community dwelling sedentary older adults on self-rated health. Method: The data has been collected from 654 community-dwelling sedentary older adults (mean age: 75 years) during the period from April to June in 2007. The data were collected by the in-person interview and direct measurement of functional capacity. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS 9.1 program. Result: The elderly rated their health as very good (3%), good (28%), fair (38%), poor (29%0, and very poor (2%). The higher average daily walk minutes ($\beta$=0.12, p<.01), number of chair stand ($\beta$=0.10, p<.05), scores of self-efficacy ($\beta$=0.16, p<.001) and the lower number of disease ($\beta$=-0.44, p<.001) show better self-rated health. Conclusion: Self-rated health is the most commonly used indicators in social epidemiology and geriatric research because it has been known as the good predictor of mortality and reflects health related disability. The finding suggested that daily walking habits, lower body strength, physical self-efficacy should be considered to improve the senior's self-perception of health. The community-based intervention associate increase these factors should be considered.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.445-456
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a community-based death education program for older adults. Methods: The study was conducted as a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group and pretest-posttest design. The subjects were community elders aged over 65 registered at a community health center and were convenience sampled. The experimental group consisted of 33 participants and the control group consisted of 32 participants. Experiments are conducted from June 18 to July 24, 2020. We tested our hypothesis using an independent t-test, and paired t-test. Results: The experimental group had significantly higher scores for psychological well-being than the control group after treatment (t=2.24, p=.028). In general attitude toward the use of life-sustaining technology, however, only the experimental group had a significant difference before and after the experiment with lower scores compared to the control group (t=-5.41, p<.001). Conclusion: We found that the community-based death education program developed in this study was partially effective in improving older adults' psychological well-being and general attitude toward the use of life-sustaining technology.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-102
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• 1990

The research is a comparative study of death attitudes between male and female elderly people. There is no doubt as to the inevitability of death. And yet, there is a vast conspiracy involved in the word of dead or death. The aged are considered to be nearer death than are people in other age groups. Kalish(1976) emphasized that for the aged two meanings of death have significance for evaluating their life ; first, that older people are known to have a limited life time and face death ; second that older people are known to have suffered many death-imposed losses that are often associated with the dying process. In considering these implications, the level of anxiety regarding death and dying is a crucial factor in determining mental health. In the study, 152 male elderly and 145 female elderly residing in Seoul, Korea was compared on the four dimensions of death anxiety and assigned personal variables. Therefore, the purpose the research was (1) to examine the characteristics of subjects on the independent variables(age, marital status, family relationship, social activities, religiousity etc.) ; (2) to examine the relationship between the independent variables and each dimension of death axniety ; (3) to determine the proportion of variance in the respective of death anxiety which is accounted for by the respective independent variables ; (4) to examine whether a significant difference between the respective independent variables and each dimension of death anxiety has ; (5) to determine the combination of variables which is the most successful in explaining the variance in death anxiety. Finding from this study support the following conclusions; 1. There was a significant differences between the male and female subjects in the level of death anxiety. In turn, the male older adults had lower death anxiety than did the female elderly. This implies that male tend to look forward to death rather than deny it. 2. As there was evidences from several studies, this research found that fear of death decreases as age increases. 3. The following two variables that correlate best with dying anxiety of others in both male and female older adults : 'marriage life', 'social interaction'. 4. The variables 'age' and 'children' for both female and male elderly accounted for the most variance in death anxiety of self. The findings of the study lend this investigator several suggestions, implications and recommendations for future research. There can be no death without life, and conversely, no life without death. Psychologists and health-related professionals may be learn as much about death as they can in order to develop more healthy attitudes and in order to be able to better aid and comfort dying people and their familities. Perhaps most importantly, professionals may be help those who are not faced with death at present to develop an understanding of it and healthy attitudes toward it. The programs of death education are needed for dedication to the evitability of death and the preparation of life for the older adults. More seminars, symposiums and research on death attitudes are needed. Finally, study for female older adults has been negelected topic in the areas of women's study and health education. Future study, for female elderly, have to deeply investigate where those problems come from and how to cope with in order to the female elderly segment can live the rest of their lives in satisfaction with well-being.