• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.945-949
• /
• 1994

Chondroitin sulfate (Chs) contents in edible snail , Achatina fulica Bowdich , andits processed meat extracts were determined by high-performance liquid chormatogrpahy(HPLC) and spectrophotometric method. Spectrophotometric method was based on the precipitation of acriflavine by ChS, and HPLC method was based on the detection of two unsaturated disaccharides, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-($\beta$ -D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose($\Delta$Di-4S) and 2-acetamido-2deoxy-3-O-($\beta$-D-gluco-4-eepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose ($\Delta$야-6S) librated from ChS byenzymeatic digestion with chondroitinase ABc. the ratio of 125$\mu$mol of sodium hydroxide to mg of ChS and 8$0^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature were proper for alkaline hydrolysis to remove protein residue form ChS. In assay preparation for HPLC ethod, the iptimum concentration of the enzyme chondroitinase ABc was 0.15 unit per 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$ of ChS at a fixed reaction time (30 min) and pH 8.0 using Tris buffer. ChS content in edible snail was 177.6mg% by spectrophotometric method and 153.5mg% by HPLC method and those in the processed meat extract was 71.3mg% by spectrometric method ad 62.8mg% by HPLC method, respectively.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제52권6호
• /
• pp.637-643
• /
• 2019

Three separate feeding trials were performed to evaluate the dietary inclusion of pigments on growth and pigmentation of Semisulcospira coreana. In the first trial (Exp-1), snails (80 mg/snail) were fed diets containing green laver Enteromorpha intestinalis, seaweed fulvescens Capsosiphon fulvescens, chlorella Chlorella vulgaris, green tea, mugwort, kale, broccoli, sea tangle, dried laver Pyropia yezoensis, a synthetic edible dye, and a diet containing no pigment (control) for 12 weeks. Results showed that dietary treatments had no significant effects on growth performance. However, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a contents of the snail's edible portion were markedly affected and the highest values were found in snails fed green laver. In the second (Exp-2) and third (Exp-3) experiments, the effect of green laver and chlorella were examined in diets for relatively smaller (35 mg/snail) and bigger (139 mg/snail) snails than those examined in the Exp-1, respectively. Feeding the bigger snails with chlorella significantly enhanced their growth rates compared to control group. Total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a contents of the edible portions of snails were significantly increased by dietary chlorella supplementation. These findings suggest that dietary green laver or chlorella could improve the pigmentation of S. coreana without any adverse effects on growth.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.513-525
• /
• 1998

The spermatogenetic process in the edible giant snail is similar to those in the other snails, except for the axoneme formation process. In this study, the axoneme formation process in the giant snail was mainly examined by means of electron microscopy. The tail portion of a spermatozoon is about $160{\mu}m$ long, and extends straight to the rear, surrounded by two large and long mitochondria in spiral forms. A number of glycogen particles $(40\sim70nm)$ are found in the swollen matrix of the mitochodria. The axoneme which composes the tail of a spermatozoon is surrounded by $7\sim10$ lamella-form fibrous sheaths of about $0.2{\mu}m$ in thickness. Most of the mature spermatozoa are found to be clustered into a group of $5\sim7$ ea in syncytial bridges formed by cytoplasmic processes. Sertoli cells contain glycogen particles, endoplasmic reticulum, a lot of mitochondria, and lipids in their cytoplasm. They protrude their filiform pseudopodia and phagocytize abnormal spermatids or spermaozoa.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on survival, growth anc body composition of snail (Semisu1cospira gottschei). Three replicate groups of snail (average weighing 152mg) were fed the diets containing different lipid sources such as lauric acid (LA), squid liver oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), corn oil (CO), SO+ LO, SO+CO, LO+CO and SO+LO+CO for 8 weeks. Survival was not affected by dietary lipid sources (p>0.05). Weight gain of snail fed the SO, SO+LO and SO+LO+CO diets was significantly higher than that of snail fed the LA and LO diets (P<0.05), and the lowest weight gain was observed in snail fed the LA diet (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in crude lipid content of edible portion in snail fed the different diets (P>0.005). Contents of 12:0, 18:2n­6, 18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3 from snail fed the LA, CO, LO and SO diets were higher than those from snail fed the other diets, respectively (p<0.05). The highest 22:6n-3 content was observed in snail fed the SO+ LO but was not significantly different from that of snail fed the SO, SO+CO and SO+LO+CO diets (p>0.05). The n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids such as 20:4n-6 and 22:4n-6 contents of snail were not affected by dietary lipid sources (p>0.05). These results suggested that squid liver oil and mixture of squid liver oil and linseed and/or corn oil are good dietary lipid sources for the normal growth of snail. However lauric acid may not be a good lipid source for snail diet.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2002

The cellulase from internal organs of edible snails was purified by fractionation with ammonium sulfate, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and Superose 12 HR 10/30. The specific activity of the purified cellulase was 85.1 units/mg protein with 24.3 purification fold from crude extract. Molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 74,000 dalton by gel filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE eletrophoresis. T7e isoelectric point of the enzyme was determined to be pH 4.6. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme were 5$0^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0, respectively. The enzyme was stable at 30~5$0^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0~10.0. It was activates by Mn$^{2+}$, but inhibited by Li$^{2+}$, Zn$^{2+}$, Ag$^{2+}$ and Hg$^{2+}$./TEX> 2+/.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2002

달팽이 내장을 마쇄, 추출, 염석 및 투석 후 얻은 조효소액을 두 번의 이온교환 크로마토그래피 및 두 번의 겔여과 크로마토그래피를 거쳐 최종적으로 얻은 $\beta$-galactosidase의 비활성도는 18.8 units/mg protein이었고, 정제도는 31.3%배, 수율은 20.8%이었다. $\beta$-Gallactosidase의 분자량을 측정하기 위해 겔 여과와 전기영동을 실시한 결과, native molecular weight가 약 144,000으로, SDS-PAGE 결과, 약 72,000으로 나타나 이 효소는 동일한 polypeptide로 구성된 dime로 추측되었으며, 등전점은 pI 4.1이었다. $\beta$-Galactosidase의 최적 pH와 온도는 각각 pH 3.0과 6$0^{\circ}C$로 측정되었으며, pH 2.0~8.0에서 80%이상의 효소 활성을 나타내었고, 온도 30~5$0^{\circ}C$에서 안정되었다. 모든 금속이온과 fructose, glucose, galactose, maltose 및 xylose는 $\beta$-galactosidase의 저해제로 작용하였다.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.187-189
• /
• 2003

To test the effect of different carbohydrate sources, wheat flour, used as the carbohydrate source in the control diet, was replaced with 30% glucose, 30% maltose, 30% cellulose or 30% $\alpha$-starch. After feeding trial for 8 weeks, no significant differences were found in growth and proximate composition of edible fraction of the snail fed diets containing different carbohydrate sources. All the tested carbohydrates are shown as good dietary carbohydrate source.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.47-64
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to search the calcium and iron rich foods in Korean people. The food sources presented in the current home economics textbooks of middle and high school were investigated. And 40 kinds of calcium and iron rich foods were selected by the quantity in 100g edible portion. one serving size and according to 1997 food supply data. Also 3 major food groups of calcium and iron supply in Korean were identified, and 10 rich foods for each food groups were selected. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The food sources of calcium 1) The food sources of calcium presented in the home economics textbooks of middle and high school are milk and dairy products. small fishes such as anchovy icefish and dried strip and green vegetables etc. 2) The calcium rich foods by 100g edible portion were in order of skim milk powder river snail sesame sea mustard. whole milk powder. snapping turtle loach sea tangle(dried) opossum shrimp and sea lettuce(dried). And the calcium rich foods by the calcium content in one serving were in order of river snail snapping turtle opossum shrimp loach spiny lobster skate skim milk powder small alaska pollack freshwater crab condensed milk whole milk powder skate ray and milk. 3) The 3 major calcium supply food groups in Korean were vegetables fish and shellfishes and milk and dairy products. 4) The calcium supply foods according to the quantity of food supply in 1997 was in order of sea mustard, milk anchovy chinese cabbage soybean skin milk powder laver shrimp welsh onion and maize. The vegetables were the important sources of calcium in Korean. 2. The food sources of iron 1) The food sources of iron which are commonly presented in the textbooks of middle and high school were meat liver egg(egg yolk) and green vegetables etc 2) The iron rich foods on the basis of the iron content in 100g edible portion were in order of surf clam marsh clam laver(dried)( sea lettuce(dried), crayfish pelilla seed little neck clam orient hard clam, venus clam, and freshwater carab. And the iron rich foods by the iron content in one serving were in order of surf clam marsh clam crayfish little neck clam orient hard clam freshwater crab venus clam hen cockle green confertii(fresh) pen shell and spiny lobster. 3) The 3 major iron supply food groups in Korean were cereals an cereal products fishes and shellfishes and vegetables. 4) The iron supply food according to the quantity of food supply in 1997 was in order of soybean sea mustard maize rice meat edible viscera laver wheat flour, pook, red pepper, egg and bovine meat.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2021

We explored the indigenous local knowledge associated with the use of snails by Baiga people in Baihar tehsil of Balaghat district in central India through interview with a semi-structured questionnaire. Results revealed that Baiga people widely accept snails of 3-5 morpho-groups belonging to Ampullariidae, and Viviparidae family as food. Besides, use of snail as therapeutic agents for ailments like body ache, joint pain, digestion, weakness of bones etc. were found common. Hand-picking of snails from the wild environments as well as agriculture field was the primary way of harvesting edible snails. We advocate the development of a farming system for the continuous supply of snails as a food resource, advancement of scientific investigation of functional properties of them, economic progress of the region and therefore the overall sustainability.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1985

고등균류의 유전연구와 균주개발을 위한 원형질체 조작의 기초 연구로서 몇가지 주요 버섯류의 원형질체 분리에 관하여 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. P. ostreatus와 V. volvacea의 원형질체 분리에 알맞는 효소는 ${\beta}-D-Glucanase+Novozym234+Snail enzyme$이었으며, 삼투압 조절제로는 0.6M $MgSO_{4}$였고, 이들을 Na-Maleate buffer로 pH 5.8에 조절하여 사용했을때 가장 많은 원형질체를 생성하였다. 2. P. ostreatus, P. florida, P. sajor-caju는 MCM에서 각각 4, 5, 3일간 배양한 균사체에서, L. edodes, F. velutipes는 PDA 배지에서 각각 2일과 5일간 배양했을때 가장 효과적이었으며, A. bisporus와 V. volvacea는 분리량이 극히 적었다. 3. V. volvacea의 균사체에 2-mercaptoethanol의 전처리는 효과가 없어 원형질체 분리는 적었으며, 액체배양 보다는 agar 배지상의 cellophan방법이 원형질체 분리에 있어서 효과가 좋았다. 4. 균사체에 효소처리후 1시간 부터 원형질체가 분리되면서 점차 증가하여 9시간경에 가장 많은 원형질체를 얻었으며, 시간이 갈수록 액포화현상으로 원형질체의 크기가 커졌다.