• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.904-913
• /
• 2001

The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of jet flow and heat transfer caused by trapezoid rods array in impinging jet system. In this study, trapezoid rods have been set up in front of flat plate to serve as a turbulence promoter. The bottom width of trapezoid rod was W=4, 8 mm and oblique angle were 80$^{\circ}$. The space from rods to the heating surface was C=1, 2, 4 mm, the pitch between each rods was P=30, 40, 50 mm, and the distance from nozzle exit to flat plate was H=100, 500 mm. This results were compared with the case without trapezoid rods. As a result, when rods are installed in front of the impinging plate, the acceleration of the jet flow and the eddies due to the rods seem to contribute to the heat transfer enhancement. Among test conditions, the heat transfer performance was best for the condition of W=8 mm, C=1 mm, P=30 mm and H/B=10. The maximum heat transfer rate is about 1.9 times larger than that without trapezoid rods.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 2002

For the large scale computation of turbulent flows around an arbitrarily shaped body, a parallel LES (large eddy simulation) code has been recently developed in which domain decomposition method is adopted. METIS and MPI (message Passing interface) libraries are used for domain partitioning and data communication between processors, respectively. For unsteady computation of the incompressible Wavier-Stokes equation, 4-step splitting finite element algorithm [1] is adopted and Smagorinsky or dynamic LES model can be chosen fur the modeling of small eddies in turbulent flows. For the validation and performance-estimation of the parallel code, a three-dimensional laminar flow generated by natural convection inside a cube has been solved. Then, we have solved the turbulent flow around MIRA (Motor Industry Research Association) model at $Re = 2.6\times10^6$, which is based on the model height and inlet free stream velocity, using 32 processors on IBM SMP cluster and compared with the existing experiment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.32 no.9
• /
• pp.645-651
• /
• 2008

For a high speed train driving at 300 km/h, aero-acoustic noise is a dominant component among various noise sources. The aeroacoustic noise is mainly due to inter-coach spacings because discontinuities in the train surface significantly disturb turbulent flows. This often leads to the uncomfortableness of passengers. Interestingly, the aero-acoustic noise reduces with decreasing the mud-flap spacing of the inter-couch spacing. We perform numerical simulations to investigate flow characteristics around the inter-coach spacing. We model the inter-coach spacing as a simple 2-D cavity with flaps, and calculate the velocity and pressure field using two equation turbulence models, varying the flap spacing. The results show that a wider flap spacing develops a higher inflection point in mean velocity profiles over the cavity. It is likely that large eddies generated near the inflection point persist longer in the downstream since they are less affected by the wall. This probably induces the more aero-acoustic noises. The wider spacing also results in the larger pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cavity. This is also responsible for the increased noise since the large difference would cause a strong flow oscillations in and out of the cavity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2001

A swirler with turbulence generator is designed and manufactured for generating many small-scale eddies in the combustor which contribute to enhancing mixing effect between fuel and air. The method results in not only the disadvantage of pressure loss but also the advantage of promoting combustion and reducing NOx. For the purpose of the study, four kinds of swirler with different turbulence generator area (0%, 3%, 7%, and 12% of reducing flow area) are designed to confirm the effect of mixing according the variation in the area of the turbulence generator. The mixing of combustor in the radial direction is significantly improved and the distributions of flames and temperature are well distributed throughout the cross section of a combustor as area of swirl generator is increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.6 no.6
• /
• pp.132-141
• /
• 1998

Particle image velocimetry(PIV), a planar measuring technique, is an efficient tool for studying the complicated flow field such as in-cylinder flow, and intake port flow. PIV can be also used for analyzing the integral length scale of turbulence, which is a measure of the size of the large eddies that contain most of the turbulence kinetic energy. In this study, dual color scanning PIV was designed and demonstrated by using a rotating mirror and a beam splitter. This PIV system allowed enlargement of flexibility in the intensity of vectors to be calculated by spatial filtering technique, even in combustion chamber with high velocity gradient and high vorticity$({\sim}1000s^{-1})$. A new color image processing algorithm was developed, which was used to find the direction of particle movement directly from the digital image. These measuring techniques were successfully applied to obtaining the turbulence intensity (~0.1m/s) and the turbulent integral length scale of vorticity(~1mm).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.1175-1188
• /
• 1988

Linear estimation in isotropic turbulence is examined to approximate conditional averages in the form of fluctuating velocity fields conditioned on local velocity. The conditional flow fields and their associated vorticity field are computer using experimental data [Van Atta and Chen] and energy spectrum model [Driscoll and Kennedy]. It appears that ring vorticies could be the dominant structure. Due to the extremely large vorticity in the viscous region of a conditional ring vortex, the energy spectrum model can be used appropriately by changing the Reynolds number. The hairpin vortex could be detected by combining vorticies in isotropic field with an anisotropic orientation imbedded in uniform mean shear flow and this is consistent with other studies [Kim and Moin].

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.386-390
• /
• 2016

Water aeration is an effective water treatment process, which involves the injection of air or air-water mixture into water treatment reservoir commonly through pipes. The main purpose of water aeration is to maintain healthy levels of dissolved oxygen (DO), which is the most important water quality factor. The pipes' operating conditions are important for controlling the efficiency and effectiveness of aeration process. Many studies have been conducted on two-phase flows in pipes, however, there are a few studies to deal with small s ale in millimeter. The main objective of this study is to perform 2-dimensional two-phase simulations inside various straight pipes using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) OpenFOAM (Open source Field Operation And Manipulation) tools to examine the influence of flow patterns on bubble size, which is closely related to DO concentration in a water body. The both flow regimes, laminar and turbulence, have been considered in this study. For turbulence, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) has been applied. The coalescence and breakage of bubbles caused by random collisions and turbulent eddies, respectively, are considered in this research. Sauter mean bubble diameter and water velocity are compared against experimental data. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.9
• /
• pp.3367-3382
• /
• 2023

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian computational fluid dynamics method that has been widely used in the analysis of physical phenomena characterized by large deformation or multi-phase flow analysis, including free surface. Despite the recent implementation of eddy-viscosity models in SPH methodology, sophisticated turbulent analysis using Lagrangian methodology has been limited due to the lack of computational performance and numerical consistency. In this study, we implement the standard and dynamic Smagorinsky model and dynamic Vreman model as sub-particle scale models based on a weakly compressible SPH solver. The large eddy simulation method is numerically identical to the spatial discretization method of smoothed particle dynamics, enabling the intuitive implementation of the turbulence model. Furthermore, there is no additional filtering process required for physical variables since the sub-grid scale filtering is inherently processed in the kernel interpolation. We simulate lid-driven flow under transition and turbulent conditions as a benchmark. The simulation results show that the dynamic Vreman model produces consistent results with experimental and numerical research regarding Reynolds averaged physical quantities and flow structure. Spectral analysis also confirms that it is possible to analyze turbulent eddies with a smaller length scale using the dynamic Vreman model with the same particle size.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.241-255
• /
• 1997

Three dimensional numerical model is used to simulate the circulation patterns in the Gamcheon Bay located in Pusan, Korea and compared with the observed data. The model is forced by winds, tidal elevation at open boundaries, and warm water discharged from the outfall of power plant, Turbulence mixing coefficients are calculated according to a ${\kippa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence closure submodel. Temperature, salinty and current are measuted extensively and these measuted data are compared with the simulation results. Eddy-like features exist both in observed data dna simulation results. These eddies are the results of interaction with the weak tidal current, wind driven current and warm water discharges. Compensational deeects are also found to exit such that while surface current is strong, bottom current tends to weaken and vice versa.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.30-41
• /
• 2023

Aviation turbulence, caused by atmospheric eddies, is a disruptive phenomenon that leads to abrupt aircraft movements during flight. To minimize the damages caused by such aviation turbulence, the Aviation Meteorological Office provides turbulence information through the Korea aviation Turbulence Guidance (KTG) and the Global-Korean aviation Turbulence Guidance (GKTG). In this study, we evaluated the performance of the KTG and GKTG models by comparing the in-situ EDR observation data and the generated aviation turbulence prediction data collected from the mid-level Korean Peninsula region from January 2019 to December 2021. Through objective validation, we confirmed the level of prediction performance and proposed improvement measures based on it. As a result of the improvements, the KTG model showed minimal difference in performance before and after the changes, while the GKTG model exhibited an increase of TSS after the improvements.