• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.50-52
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• 2011

Ectopic thyroid gland is a defined as thyroid tissue located in a site other than its usual pre-tracheal location. Ultrasound examination, CT scan, thyroid scan, and thyroid iodine uptake test are all valuable modalities for a differential diagnosis. Although most of cases are asymptomatic, treatment is indicated when there are symptoms related to progressive growth of mass. This article reports a ectopic thyroid cyst in the anterior neck that was similar to deep neck infection accompanied by acute airway obstruction.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.725-730
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• 2015

We report here an ectopic case of Fasciola hepatica infection confirmed by recovery of an adult worm in the mesocolon. A 56-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with discomfort and pain in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen. Abdominal CT showed 3 abscesses in the left upper quadrant, mesentery, and pelvic cavity. On surgical exploration, abscess pockets were found in the mesocolon of the sigmoid colon and transverse colon. A leaf-like worm found in the abscess pocket of the mesocolon of the left colon was diagnosed as an adult fluke of F. hepatica. Histologically, numerous eggs of F. hepatica were noted with acute and chronic granulomatous inflammations in the subserosa and pericolic adipose tissues. Conclusively, a rare case of ectopic fascioliasis has been confirmed in this study by the adult worm recovery of F. hepatica in the mesocolon.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.409-415
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• 2005

Infection of Drosophila melanogaster adults with 6 Vibrio species revealed that V. cholerae was lethal (100% mortality) within 20 h as a result of systemic infection. Avirulent infection by V. vulnificus restricted the subsequent virulent infection by V. cholerae. The immediate transcription of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), most notably Attacin A, was delayed in V. cholerae infection compared to V. vulnificus infection. Ectopic expression of Attacin A and Metchnikowin enhanced the survival of D. melanogaster upon V. cholerae infection. These results suggest that AMPs are important in the response to infections by Vibrio species and that the signaling pathways governing their expression may be targeted by V. cholerae virulence factors to elude the innate immunity of Drosophila.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.4
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• pp.436-439
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• 2015

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which originated from neuroendocrine tissue, can develop into paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes, such as Cushing syndrome, because of an inappropriate secretion of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This paraneoplastic syndrome is known to be a poor prognostic factor in SCLC. The reason for poor survival may be because of a higher risk of infection associated with hypercortisolemia. Therefore, early detection and appropriate treatment for this syndrome is necessary. But the diagnosis is challenging and the source of ACTH production can be difficult to identify. We report a 69-year-old male patient who had severe hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypertension as manifestations of an ACTH-secreting small cell carcinoma of the lung. He was treated with ketoconazole and spironolactone to control the ACTH dependent Cushing syndrome. He survived for 15 months after chemotherapy, which is unusual considering the poor outcome of the ectopic ATH syndrome associated with SCLC.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.136-142
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• 2010

Ectopic eruption is defined as the eruption of the tooth in an abnormal position or orientation. In the molar region, ectopic eruption may cause distal root resorption and premature exfoliation of the neighbor teeth and uncontrolled space loss is followed. Prolonged partial impaction of the permanent molar may also cause undetected caries or abscess formation of the neighbor teeth. While 66% of ectopically erupting permanent molars are corrected spontaneously without treatment, the treatment is necessary for the irreversible ectopic eruption cases. The optimal treatment approach depends on a number of factors including the clinical eruption status of the molar, amount of enamel ledge and the mobility of the neighbor tooth, and the presence of pain or infection. This case report presents the results of treatment of the ectopically erupting maxillary first permanent molars and mandibular second molars using elastic separators or modified Halterman appliance with or without surgical approach.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.485-488
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• 2010

Purpose: Paragonimiasis is infectious disease occurred by Paragonimus Westermani, which invades into human body as a final host. Habitual eating the freshwater crab or crawfish unboiled is one of the reason of infection. Paragonimiasis raged in 1970s in Korea, Japan, China and other Asian countries but the incidence decreased rapidly. Once people eat infected second host, parasite penetrates the duodenal wall and migrates to the lung. During this migration period, the parasite can migrate to other organ, such as brain, spinal cord, liver and subcutaneous tissue, but the cases are rarely reported. The objective of our study is to present our experience of the ectopic migration of parasite to the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen, which was easily treated with excision and Praziquantel medication. Methods: A 59-year-old woman who likes eating unboiled freshwater crab was diagnosed as Paragonimiasis 15 months ago. Her symptoms were fever and cough, and she was treated with Praziquantel medication. 3 months after discharge, she visited our hospital with left pleuritic chest pain, cough with fever, and palpable mass formation on left lower quadrant of the abdomen. Wedge resection of the left lung and Praziquantel medication was maintained for a week. Nevertheless, fever persisted after the treatment. The patient received total excision of the abdominal soft tissue mass, and the fever was relieved. Results: Pathologic findings of the mass showed multiple cyst and abscess formation with crystal structure which is suspicious parts of the parasite or calcified egg shells. Uncontrolled fever was relieved after the operation, and there was no evidence of recurrent Paragonimiasis and ectopic migration for 1 year follow up period. Conclusion: Ectopic migration of Paragonimus is rare, but multiple organ can be involved. Patient with Paragominiasis who was refractory in fever control after Praziquantel medication or surgical evaluation of the lung should be considered as ectopic migration of the Paragonimiasis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.347-351
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• 2015

A 3-year-old intact female Dachshund was referred due to paraplegia and cool extremities. History taking, physical examination, neurological examination, and blood profiling studies were evaluated to determine the diagnosis. Based on abdominal ultrasound and echocardiograph, features suggestive of adult heartworm were detected in aberrant places. The result of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing with a commercial heartworm antigen kit was positive. The dog fell into a comatose state, and the client requested the dog be euthanized. On post-mortem examination, the patient was diagnosed with ectopic parasitism of heartworm in the left side of heart, aorta, aorta abdominalis, and iliac arteries, a circumstance that induced systemic thromboembolism. This case report describes the clinical, diagnostic imaging, and necropsy findings of canine ectopic parasitism of heartworm.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 1994

In order to know the species and frequency of human parasitic infection diagnosed by biopsy, 149 cases (0.18%) of parasitic infection were reviewed, which were selected from 80,947 biopsied materials submitted for routine histopathological examination during a period of 10 years from 1980 to 1989 at Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hospital. They consisted of 112 cases of cysticercosis, 17 paragonimiasis, 7 clonorchiasis, 4 amebiasis, 1 sparganosis, 1 enterobiasis, 1 anisakiasis, and 1 fascioliasis respectively Based on morphological preservation of cysticercus, they could be divided into mild (20.2%), moderate (40.4%), and severe (39.4%) degeneration. Except 2 cases biopsied at the lungs, 15 cases of ectopic paragonimiasis were located at abdominal cavity (8 cases) and central nervous system (7 cases). One case of intrahepatic fascioliasis was observed. This is the 13th human fasciollasis reported in Korea. From the above results, the frequency of parasitic infections found in biopsied specimens was on the decrease as the year passed by, but biopsy is very useful diagnostic method on tissue parasites such as cystlcercosis and ectopic paragonimiasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5691-5694
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• 2012

Ectopic expression of CDX2 in the stomach is closely associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and intestinal metaplasia. Whether CDX2 has tumor suppression or tumorigenesis potential remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the association between the CDX2 G543C polymorphism (silent mutation) and the risk for H. pylori-induced gastric atrophy and cancer as well as H. pylori infection, using 454 Japanese subjects undergoing a health checkup and 202 gastric cancer patients. The frequency of the minor allele was the same as previously reported in China, but different from that reported in England. CDX2 G543C was not associated with risk of H. pylori infection, gastric atrophy, or gastric cancer, although the point estimate for non-cardiac differentiated gastric cancer as compared to controls with gastric atrophy was 2.22 (95%CI=0.17-29.4). In conclusion, our results indicate that the CDX2 G543C polymorphism is unlikely to affect the H. pylori infection-gastric atrophy-gastric cancer sequence.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.403-406
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• 1991

A 32-year old housewife, living in Seoul, recognized incidentally a painless mass at the left chest wall. During later 3 months, she experienced spontaneous swelling and regression of the mass repeatedly for 4 times. Surgical resection showed a granuloma at anterior serratus muscle containing a nearly matured adult of Fasciola species without vitellaria and uterus. This is the l1th human fascioliasis and the first extra-abdominal infection reported in Korea.