• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find problems about pedestrian road of tourist resort and to make new type of sidewalk pavement with wood chip and binder using urethane resin on the parks and tourist resort. The wood chip pavement has new economics and durability with comfortable texture. Samples of these pavement materials were tested for tensile strength, permeability and ball rebound value. Also, after immersion for 24 hours, tensile strength, samples' thickness and weight were measured and discussed the strength reduction according to the water immersion. Tensile strength experimentation was examined on dry condition and water immersion. The result of examination on dry condition was 1.06MPa and on water immersion was 0.67MPa. The results showed 36.8% decreasing rate of tensile strength. Permeability experiment test based on field permeability method of pavement were conducted as a result, permeability coefficients were in the range of 0.67~0.78mm/s that all exceeds object permeability coefficient. Elasticity experiment was based on elasticity test method of Japan road association. GB coefficient was 21% and SB coefficient was 10%. GB coefficient and SB coefficient increased if fine aggregate were increased.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.341-372
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• 2015

While creativity and innovation is the key to drive the creative economy in the South Korea, the development of analysis framework to evaluate the size and performance is limited. The present study suggests a framework and a method to assess economic impact of the creative economy using inter-industry analysis which employs input-output efficiencies populated by the Korean Bank and empirical data from the national informatization survey conducted by the National Information-society Agency(NIA). The results indicated that, as of 2013, despite of economy downturn, the creative innovation based on the information communication technology(ICT) had been significantly led the production, value-added, and employment inducement. The effect is predominant in the creative industry in an broad sense, that is, technology intensive manufacturing industry. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.21-48
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• 2019

In the basic research field, quantitative expansion is carried out with active support from the government, but there is no research and policy data suggesting systematic investment plans or data-based financial requirements yet. Therefore, this study predicted future financial requirements of basic research support programs by using time series prediction model. In order to consider various factors including the characteristics of the basic research field, we selected the ARIMAX model which can reflect the effect of multi valuable factors rather than the ARIMA model which predicts the value of single factor over time. We compared the predictions of ARIMAX and ARIMA models for model suitability and found that the ARIMAX model improves the prediction error rate. Based on the ARIMAX model, we predicted the fiscal spending of basic research support programs for five years from 2017 to 2021. This study has significance in that it considers the financial requirements of the basic research support programs as a pilot research conducted by applying a time series model, which is a statistical approach, and multi-variate rather than single-variate. In addition, considering the policy trends that emphasize the importance of basic research investment such as 'the expansion of basic research budget twice', which is the current government's national policy task, it can be used as reference data in establishing basic research investment strategy.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.63-100
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• 2020

This study analyzes the effectiveness of government supported R&D program for SMEs by measuring TFP improvements. We estimate TFP for Korean companies from 2011 to 2018 using Levinsohn and Petrin (2003) method which reduces endogenous problem. Then government R&D beneficiary companies were extracted from the NTIS and linked to TFP estimates. The empirical results are as follows. First, as a result of estimating production function, the contribution of TFP to value-added is more important than in the past. Second, the TFP gap between large firms and SMEs continues to wide and there is no sign of easing.(from 3.72 times in 2011 to 5.23 times in 2018). Third, SMEs beneficiaries show higher TFP level than non-beneficiaries. However their TFP was on the decline until government support. After government supported R&D program, it reverses upward. Fourth, although one-year TFP improvement of beneficiaries is bigger than non-beneficiaries, it is smaller than the control group through PSME. Because SMEs participating in government R&D programs had showed downward trend of TFP until R&D program, it is necessary to examine whether there is a fundamental discordance between the demand of SMEs for R&D program and governments policy goal. More sophisticated program design will be required to escape the recognition that government R&D programs for SMEs are just charity.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.67-73
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• 2015

Almost base-loaded power plants such as flaming coal and nuclear energy require large-scale transmission facilities (LTFs) in order to send electricity to remote consumption areas. As well known, LTFs incur various social costs. However, a decentralized generation source such as integrated energy business (IEB)-based combined heat and power (CHP) plant is located in nearby electricity-consuming area, and thus it does not demand LTFs, providing the benefits from avoiding the damages caused by them. This study attempts to measure the benefits of avoiding the damages from the LTFs by the use of the contingent valuation (CV) method. To this end, a national survey of randomly chosen 1,000 households was implemented and the public's willingness to pay (WTP) for substituting consumption of electricity generated from flaming coal-fired power plant, currently a dominant generation source in Korea, with that produced from IEB-based CHP plant. The results show that the WTP for the substitution is estimated to be about 41.4 won per kWh. Considering that this value amounts to 33% of the average price of residential electricity in 2014, the external benefit of the IEB-based CHP as a decentralized generation appears to be large.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.40-47
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• 2015

Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants not only emit less greenhouse gases and air pollutants than conventional coal-fired power plants, but also use low-price, low-quality, and internationally easily procurable coal. Thus we can benefit from safeguarding energy security through building the IGCC power plant. This paper attempts to value the benefits of energy security enhanced by IGCC power plant. To this end, we report here the results from a contingent valuation survey of randomly selected 600 households. A combination of a double-bounded model and a spike model is applied for the purpose of increasing statistical efficiency and dealing with zero(0) willingness to pay data, respectively. The results show that the respondents are additionally willing to pay 6.05 won for 1kWh of electricity generated from IGCC power plant. In other words, the benefits from safeguarding energy security through building the IGCC power plant are 6.05 won per kWh. Given that the expected amount of generation from the Taean IGCC power plant that is scheduled to be built in late 2015 is 2.27 TWh per year, the benefits are estimated to be 13.74 billion won per year.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 1982

This experiment was carried out to clarify the optimal concentrations of growth regulators for callus induction and the condition of callus culture of leaf tissue taken from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. The content of stevioside, sweetening component, in leaf-derived callus of stevia was also investigated. It was shown that the optimal concentrations of benzyladenine (BA) and ${\alpha}-naphthalene$acetic acid (NAA) for callus induction were $10^{-6}M$ and $10^{-5}M$, respectively. Reculture of these calli in media (Linsmaier and Skoog) supplemented with BA $10^{-6}M$ and NAA $10^{-5}M$ resulted in profuse calli 15 to 20 days after incubation. When sweetening components produced by callus were extracted and identified by TLC, stevioside appeared to have Rf value 0.50 in TLC which was exactly same as standard stevioside. Stevioside content obtained by TLC-FID analyzer was 260mg per 100g on the basis of dry weight.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.679-689
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• 2009

Light olefins are very important hydrocarbons widely used as the raw materials of the most petrochemicals including plastics and medicines. In addition, the nation's olefin production capacity is regarded as one of the key indicators to predict the nation's economic scale and growth. Steam cracking of naphtha (or called "NCC (Naphtha Cracking Center) technology"), the traditional process to produce light olefins, is one of the most consuming energy processes among the chemical industries. Therefore, this process causes tremendous $CO_2$ emission. To reduce the energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission from NCC process, the present paper, firstly, investigates and analyses some alternative technologies which can be potentially substituted for traditional process. Secondly, applying the alternative technologies to NCC process, their effects such as energy savings, $CO_2$ emission reduction and CER (Certified Emission Reduction) were estimated. It is found that the advanced NCC process can reduce approximately 35% of SEC (Specific Energy Consumption) of traditional NCC process. This effect can lead to the reduction of 3.3 million tons of $CO_2$ and the acquisition of the 128 billion won of CER per year. Catalytic cracking of naphtha technology, which is other alternative processes, can save up to approximately 40% of SEC of traditional NCC process. This value equates to the 3.8 million tons of $CO_2$ mitigation and 147 billion won of CER per year.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 1997

Clothing is considered as a means of self-projection in the childhood and children show clear preference on their own favorite clothing on which their latent identity is reflected. Changing sex-role identity, in particular, in the modern complex society specially affects the clothing behavior of children. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clothing behavior of children in conjunction with sen-role identity and home environment variables. This study will provide fundamental information on the clothing behavior in the childhood and be of help in selecting appropriate clothing in accordance with the variation of sex-role identity. Necessary information for this study was obtained through a questionaire. 'Bem sex-role identity inventory' was used to investigate the effect of sex-role identity and the clothing behavior was studied in conjunction with the factors of conformity, dependence, aesthetics and interest. The subjects of investigation are composed of three hundred male and female elementary school students in the 5th and 6th grades. For the statistical analysis of the collected data, percentage(%), mean value(M), standard deviation(SD) and Pearson's correlation coefficient were calculated and t-test, $x^2$-test, and Duncan's multiple range test were performed. The results form this study are as follows : 1. Sex-role identity shows a little difference according to gender, order of a birth and standard of living. This small difference is shown to be statistically insignificant. 2. In clothing behavior in connection with the sex-role identity, statistically significant trend was not found in typical sex-role identity group. However, clothing behavior in modernistic sex-role identity group exhibits statistically significant results in the factors of dependence, aesthetics and interest at the level of P<.001. 3. As concerns the clothing behavior in connection with gender, boy students show statistically more significant tendency in aesthetics and interest than girls do. However, boy students show statistically more significant tendency in aesthetics than girls do in connection with the standard of living. Although the clothing behavior associated with the level of parents education, mother's age and existence of mother's job shows a little difference in mean values, statistically significant trend was not detected. 4. Clothing behavior of the children shows a meaningful correlation between the factors. 5. Through 3-dimensional variables analysis, it is found that there is no mutual interaction between gender, sex-role identity and standard of living on the clothing behavior. The results from MCA supplementary analysis reveal that there is difference according to the gender, sex-role identity and standard of living.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.468-475
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• 1992

This study was carried out to observe the effects of dietaryn-6, n-3 fatty acids and vitamin A levels on humoral immunity in rat. Sixty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 6 weeks. The diets were composed of 10% of either corn oil or fish oil with various levels of vitamin A ; deficient(12450 IU/kg diet) adequate(4000IU/kg diet) and excess(400,000 IU/kg diet) The weight of spleen from the excess vitamin A-fish oil group showed the lowest value of all the groups when spleen weight was expressed/100g body weight. The number of PFC to SRBC was not affected by dietary at type and vitamin A levels. Hemagglutination titers were significantly lower in fish oil groups compared to corn oil groups and the values of vitamin A deficient groups were lower than the ones of adequate and excess vitamin A groups. IgM contents is serum were significantly lower in fish oil groups than in corn oil groups. IgG contents were higher in fish oil groups than in corn oil groups and the highest levels was recorded in excess vitamin A-fish oil group which showed the smallest speen size. Light microscopical examination showed that spleen tissues of fish oil groups were well developed than those of the corn oil groups and vitamin A deficient and excessive groups showed poor development than the adequate groups. Therefore it is suggested that adequate amounts of vitamin A consumption is necessary for healthy individuals and fish oil intake along with excess vitamin A should be avoided in order to maintain immune function properly.