• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2023

Waste generated during the dismantling of nuclear power plants is not only diverse in types such as metal, concrete, soil, but also in a large amount, requiring systematic and efficient management. It is very important to quickly and accurately measure radioactive contamination of wastes generated simultaneously at the decommissioning site, classify them by level, and make decisions so that they can be disposed of in accordance with related laws and regulations. In this paper, for the technical and economic aspects of recycling of radioactive metal waste generated during the dismantling of nuclear power plants, we propose a management system that can measure the radioactive contamination by shape of metal waste at the decommissioning site and automatically classify it according to the presence or absence of contamination. Accordingly, a system for collecting information on metal samples such as weight measurement and shape acquisition of metal waste, measurement of radioactive contamination and identification of nuclides, and an automatic classification system according to radioactivity measurement results were described.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.123-147
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• 1990

This paper examines the changing geography of producer service industries in the 1980s. The foci of this study are to analyze the regional distribution of each producer services, and to reveal the spatial linkage of producer services. Further this paper asserts the potential role of producer services for reducing the potential endogenous development in the periphery. During the 1981-86 period, producer service industries grew more rapidly than other service sectors and manufacturing sector. The main reason of the raid growth of producer services is attributable to an increase in demand for intermediate services from manufacturing firms. In order to compete an increasingly complex business environment, firms have expanded the amount of effort devoted to activities such as planning, coordination and control, and consequently have increased their use of producer services. The most distinctive feature of the location of producer services is spatial concentration into Seoul and surrounding region. Especially the degree of the concentration o business services into the Capital Region has been accelerating during the 1990s. The pattern of employment growth and regional distribution of producer services show a clear core / periphery disparity. Much of the regional inequality in producer services is largely due to variation in demand associated with the pattern of corporation headquarters with the pattern of corporation headquarters and branch plants location with large manufacturing firms. The analysis of spatial division of labor reflects that producer services are related to the location of headquarters in manufacturing industry. Headquarters in manufacturing firms and business service firms tend to cluster each other. Most of the headquarters spatially separated from branch offices are clustered heavily in Seoul. Especially headquarters of business services and insurance services are overwhelmingly concentrated into Seoul. The firms whose headquarters are located in Seoul have a linkage pattern on a nationwide scale. It is viewed have little potential for generating local multiplier effects and regional development. In the light of the result of this study, producer services are not likely to disperse soon to peripheral regions. Consequently the absence of policies directed at enhancing producer sevice in the periphery, concentration tendency would continue to reinforce the core's dominance at the expense of peripheral regions. From a regional perspective, the quality of a region's producer service sector is a key determinant of economic growth, since manu industrial location decisions are influenced by the differential availability of producer services among regions. Poor performance of producer services in peripheral regions seemed to be linked to the region's manufacturing base. Low-wage, standardized branch plants are not likely to induce the growth in knowledge intensive services associated with high-technology corporate headquarters. Producer services may help to create and attract new business including manufacturing firms, and also to enhance the productivity and competitiveness of local firms. Therefore the provision of service producing activities would be lead not only to generate and retain endogenous development but also to attract external firms, especially small and medium sized firms which have a lower propensity of internalized services. Hence, it may be more efficient to create and expanse new locally owned producer services rather than to attract branch plants of mult-locational firms in order to make indigenous economic development.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.3 s.144
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• pp.317-325
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• 2006

According to the preceding survey on insect pests of the green perilla, Perilla frutescens var. japonica HARA, The major pests were Aphis egomae Shinji, Pyrausta panopealis (Walker), Tetranychus urticae Koch, Polyphagotarsonemus lotus Banks, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida at Guemsan, Chungnam, 2004. Aphis egomae causes nearly 100% injury of the green perilla in uncontrolled green houses. A field study was conducted to estimate economic injury levels (EILs) and control thresholds (CTs) for A. egomae injuring green perilla in green houses. Different densities of A. egomae ranged from 1 to 80 aphids per 100 plants in early inoculation. The mean injurying rate of plant was 2.4% to 40.5% at the end of June at differently inoculated levels. The economic loss time calculated by the ratio of cost managing aphid to market price (C/V) (C: cost managing aphid, V: Market price) in early season (from May to 13. June) was 5.8% and in peak season (from 13. June to 30. June) was 9.3%. Economic injury level in early and peak season was 5.3 aphids per plant and economic injury levels in peak season were 0.6 aphids per plant and 7.6% injured rate of plant. The control thresholds calculated by 80% level of economic injury level in peak season were 0.5aphids per plant and 6.1% injury rate of plant, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.409-414
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• 2007

Economic injury levels and economic thresholds were estimated for the american serpentine leafminer (Liriomyza trifolii) on greenhouse eggplant. Liriomyza trifolii density was increased until the late June and decreased after the July in innoculation on may 17. Growth of an aerial plants and fruits were not different in treatment respectively. But total number of fruits and yields were decreased on higher inoculation density. Whereas the rate of yield loss was increased. The rates of damaged leaf by L. trifolii were increased on higher inoculation density and the peak was 65%. The number of commodity fruits and the rates of commodity fruit were become lower than non-treatment (72.2%). The rates of damaged leaf area were 5.3, 11.7, 19.7, 25.7% on inoculation densities and the rates of yield loss were 0.6, 4.8, 9.8, 14.7%, respectively. There existed close correlation between rate of yield loss and inoculation density (Y = 0.76779X + 0.298354, $R^2\;=\;0.9599$). Considerated of the results, the economic injury levels of L. trifolii on eggplant greenhouse was 6.1 adults per 4 plant and the economic thresholds was 4.9 adults per 4 plant.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.261-286
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• 2018

This paper evaluated the economic feasibility of the life extension of Kori unit 1 and Wolsong unit 1 according to the types of the nuclear power plants (NPPs) and the life extension period comparing to the levelized costs of energy (LCOE) of the new NPPs, coal-fired plants (CFPs), and combined cycle gas turbine (CCGTs) which proposed in the $7^{th}$ Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand. The economic feasibility of the life extension of NPPs using LCOE method is affected by the types of NPPs, lifetime extension periods, discount rate, and capacity factor. According to the analysis results, the pressurized light water reactor (PWR) is more economical than the pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR). Comparing the economical efficiency between the life extension of NPPs and other alternatives, the operation of the PWR for 20 years is more economical than the one of new NPPs and CFPs. However, 20 years of life extension of PHWR is more economical than the CCGTs, but less economical than new NPPs and CFPs. In summary, the 20 years of life extension of the NPPs seems to be more, especially for the PWR, which is more cost effective than other generation alternatives. Therefore, the government policy of the life extension of NPPs need to be a selective approach that simultaneously considers both safety and economics rather than closing all NPPs.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.17 no.2 s.35
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• pp.89-98
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• 1978

A study on the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) affecting economic crops in Korea was undertaken to know the distribution of the nemic fauna. Total 66 samples were taken from soil and root of 24 host plants at different localities in 4 provinces. Four Meloidogyne species such as Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica were identified and some morphological characteristics were described. One of these, Meloidogyne javanica was reported newly in Korea from Horticultural Experimental Station, Suweon, Gyeong Gi on potato, Geomsadong, Daegu on chinese cabbage, Sangeogdong, Daegu, Gyeong Bug on violet and Choeumri, Namhae, Gyeong Nam on pumpkin. In Jae Ju province, Meloidogyne incognita was only found except the other three species. The most common and widely distributed Meloidogyne species in Korea is Meloidogyne hapla by $50\%$ in total, next Meloidogyne incognita $33.3\%$ Meloidogyne arenaria $10.6\%$ Meloidogyne javanica $6.0\%$ in turn, The root-knot nematodes infected the most severely in Jae Ju province and Gyeong Nam, Gyeong Bug and Gyeong Gi province in turn. Twenty four plants were attacked by root-knot nematodes among them important economic crops are soybean, peanut, potato, tomato, cucumber, carrot, pumpkin, wateremelon, edible burdock, pepper, eggplant, cabbage, lettuce and tobacco in Korea.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.731-744
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• 2013

Energy security is a topic of high importance to many countries throughout the world. Countries with access to vast energy supplies enjoy all of the economic and political benefits that come with controlling a highly sought after commodity. Given the desire to diversify away from fossil fuels due to rising environmental and economic concerns, there are limited technology options available for baseload electricity generation. Further complicating this issue is the desire for energy sources to be sustainable and globally scalable in addition to being economic and environmentally benign. Nuclear energy in its current form meets many but not all of these attributes. In order to address these limitations, TerraPower, LLC has developed the Traveling Wave Reactor (TWR) which is a near-term deployable and truly sustainable energy solution that is globally scalable for the indefinite future. The fast neutron spectrum allows up to a ~30-fold gain in fuel utilization efficiency when compared to conventional light water reactors utilizing enriched fuel. When compared to other fast reactors, TWRs represent the lowest cost alternative to enjoy the energy security benefits of an advanced nuclear fuel cycle without the associated proliferation concerns of chemical reprocessing. On a country level, this represents a significant savings in the energy generation infrastructure for several reasons 1) no reprocessing plants need to be built, 2) a reduced number of enrichment plants need to be built, 3) reduced waste production results in a lower repository capacity requirement and reduced waste transportation costs and 4) less uranium ore needs to be mined or purchased since natural or depleted uranium can be used directly as fuel. With advanced technological development and added cost, TWRs are also capable of reusing both their own used fuel and used fuel from LWRs, thereby eliminating the need for enrichment in the longer term and reducing the overall societal waste burden. This paper describes the origins and current status of the TWR development program at TerraPower, LLC. Some of the areas covered include the key TWR design challenges and brief descriptions of TWR-Prototype (TWR-P) reactor. Selected information on the TWR-P core designs are also provided in the areas of neutronic, thermal hydraulic and fuel performance. The TWR-P plant design is also described in such areas as; system design descriptions, mechanical design, and safety performance.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.245-256
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• 2021

Background and objective: The vitalization of urban agriculture has increased various forms of experience-based education using school gardens, which raised the importance of school gardens in terms of value as well as the need to develop an implementation system for education-based agricultural experience service using school gardens. Thus, we reset the evaluation indicators from the previous study to establish objective evaluation indicators that enable quantitative comparison of school garden education services. Methods: Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and direct question (DQ) surveys were conducted on 20 experts from October 12 to 19, 2020 after establishing the purpose and subjects of evaluation, and then the weights were calculated using the Expert Choice 2010 program. Results: First, we analyzed the problems of the previous indicators by categorizing the performance indicators and comparing and verifying them with six requirements of valuation. Then, we added 'welfare values' and established sub-indicators accordingly. The importance of value indicator in AHP was in the order of education values (0.544), health values (0.182), welfare values (0.164), environmental values (0.062), and economic values (0.049). The importance of environmental and economic values was relatively low, less than 0.1. The importance of sub-indicators was highest in cultivating character (0.144), followed by enhancing ecological sensitivity (0.141) > promoting mental health (0.134) > cultivating agricultural literacy (0.120) > improving social skills (0.104). And mitigating climate change in environmental values was lowest (0.009). Increase in income was the lowest (0.036). This can be regarded as the expression of change to increase the educational effect based on collective life and the connotative meaning of 'school'. In the case of DQ, the AHP weight and order were the same, but the environmental and economic values were relatively low, and the result was different from AHP weight. For sub-indicators, the importance in DQ was highest in promoting mental health (0.136), followed by promoting physical health (0.085), ]cultivating character (0.082), social integration (0.072), and enhancing ecological sensitivity (0.071). After reviewing related experts, we came up with 5 evaluation indicators and 16 sub-indicators for school garden education service, which are objective evaluation indicators that enable quantitative comparison. Conclusion: In the future, we will validate the socioeconomic values of school garden education services and contribute to revitalizing school gardens by establishing policy alternatives for effective operation and management of school gardens.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5052-5059
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• 2012

This study was carried out to find consumers' attributes and willingness to pay(WTP) of agricultural products cultivated from plants factory system. The agricultural products were sorted into lettuce, strawberry, Ligularia fischeri(wild edible greens), and ginseng. We made the questionaires to survey consumers' purchasing attributes and preference of agricultural products. Finally, 200 valid replies were selected to analyze consumers' attributes and to estimate marginal willingness to pay. We used conjoint analysis and multinomial logit model for empirical analysis. MWTPs of commodities are estimated as follows; Lettuce is 1,016KW(100g), Strawberry is 6,014KW(2kg), Ligularia fischeri is 3,652KW(100g), and Ginseng is 5,905KW(100g). Several attributes of consumers' purchasing behavior were identified from this study. We suggested several implications to formulate more appropriate policy of plants factory system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.587-595
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• 2018

Countries that have been banned from building nuclear plants are becoming more tolerant in response to global warming and climate change. Thus, the construction of future nuclear plants will increase, and the competition will also intensify. A nuclear power plant has a long construction period compared with conventional construction projects. In order to gain a competitive advantage in nuclear power plant construction, the construction period must be decreased. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an exterior wall form for a reactor containment building to reduce the construction time by increasing the height of the form. The structural safety, constructability, and economic feasibility were analyzed to assess the applicability of the proposed form. The proposed form was determined to be structurally safe. Furthermore, the construction period was shortened by reducing the duration of the construction units, and the total construction cost and interest were also reduced. Therefore, the proposed form could contribute to reducing the construction period for nuclear power plants.