• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.490-494
• /
• 2008

We simulated a forest fire which was occurred in Yangyang area on 2005 and compared a results between two different weather conditions(real weather condition and mean weather condition since 1968) using FARSITE, which is a forest fire spread simulator for preventing and predicting fire in USDA. And, we researched a problem in the transition for introducing, so we serve the basic method for prevention and attacking fire. In the result, severe weather condition on 2005 effected a forest fire behavior. The rate of spread under real weather condition was about 4 times faster than mean weather condition. Damaged area was about 10 time than mean weather condition. Therefore, Climate change will make a more sever fire season. As we will encounter to need for accurate prediction in near future, it will be necessary to predict a forest fire linked with future wether and fuel condition.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2008

An eco-washland is increasingly getting attentions as a new alternative plan for management of water resources because of role as flooding control and ecological park without social and ecological side effects. However, there is a lack of study regarding technological development and ecological guidelines to create eco-washland. This study was carried out to suggest ecological guidelines necessary for engineering process to create eco-washland. A study site was the lower reach of Seokjang stream connecting to Yimjin river, a candidate of new eco-washland, and Kumsa area in Namhan river was selected as a reference site. The analysis of ecological characteristics focused on vegetation, fishes, and birds. Major vegetation communities, composed of dominant species such as Salix koreensis, Salix gracylistyla, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Phragmites communis, etc., formed physical conditions along with other land uses including open water, sandbar, cultivated land, etc. Dominant species of fishes were some species belonging to Cyprinidae and Acheilognathinae, and in case of birds Anser albifrons, Anas platyrhychos, Anas poecilorhyncha belonging to waterbirds and Paradoxornis webbinanus dependent to forest edge were dominantly distributed. The results showed that complex wetland types associated with partially deep water and upland was the optimal eco-hydrological condition of washland. Cyprinidae and Acheilognathinae in case of fish and Egretta spp. (spring season) and Anas spp. (winter season) in case of bird were selected as target species for the these wetland types. Finally, a detail planning criteria to create habitats of these target species were discussed in terms of spawning, breeding, feeding, resting, refuge, nesting, etc.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.38 no.2 s.149
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 2007

Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. is a kind of 64 endangered plant species designated by the Ministry of Environment in Korea. It is very a rare native plant throughout the country. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the native T. tschonoskii in Ulleung Island for their distribution and ecological characteristics. They were mostly distributed valley, mid-slope of the mountain from 186 to 458 m altitude. They had a little low light conditions as they faced west, north west, south west, south-south west, north-north east and east-east north. They were provided with slightly humid condition. Aerial humidities of these quadrates were variable as 21.5-71%. They were located on the variable slopes of 5 to 43 degrees. Soil humidity was slightly dry. Native sites were semi-shaded because tree layer such as Tilia insularis, Zelkova serrata, okamotoanum etc.and sub-tall tree layer such as Ligustrum foliosum, Comellia japonica, Tilia insularis, Callicarpa japonica and so on were grown near by. Woody plants such as A. Okamotoanum, Sorbus commixta, Fagus japonica var. multinervis etc. were frequently observed. These environmental conditions were suitable that T. tschonoskii grows up naturally because of high Percentage as 52.78% of blooming individuals in this study. These native sites were classified with three communities, T. tschonoskii-Majanthemum dilatatum community, T. tschonoskii-Anthriscus sylvestris community and T. tschonoskii-Hepatica maxima community in accordance with altitude and aerial humidity. The best way ffr the preservation of T. tschonoskii habitats and maintainance of its recent population is maintained in recent environmental condition and ecological condition without any management by human-being.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.97 no.1
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to establish the optimal condition for plant regeneration and acclimatization from somatic embryos of Panax ginseng. Cotyledon segments of Panax ginseng produced primary and secondary somatic embryos when cultured on MS and WPM media supplemented with 7% sucrose. To induce plantlet conversion, cotyledonary somatic embryos were cultured on WPM solid medium with $GA_3$ at various concentrations (1~30 mg/L) for 4 weeks. Plantlets were transferred to 1/2 WPM solid medium with $GA_3$ at various concentrations (0~5 mg/L) and 0.5% activated charcoal for shoot and root elongations. Elongated plantlets further developed into well-developed leaf and root system on 1/3 SH medium with 0.5% activated charcoal under ventilation condition for 5 months. The highest survival rate to soil was 75% when plantlets were regenerated on 1/3 SH medium without sucrose under ventilation condition.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.39 no.3 s.117
• /
• pp.310-319
• /
• 2006

The objective of study was to evaluate ecological health from seven sampling locations of Yoogu Stream, one of the tributaries of Guem River, July and September 2005. The research approach was based on the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) using fish assemblage and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) using fish assemblage. The models of IBI and QHEI were modified as 10 metric model and 11 metric model, respectively, for the regional applications. In Yoogu Stream, value of IBI were averaged 29.5 (n=7) which is judged as a 'fair condition'. The IBI model scores, at the site 3 and 7, were estimated as 23 and 24, indicating a 'poor${\sim}$fair condition' while, site 5 was estimated as 28, 'fair condition'. The remaining sites were between 31 and 34, indicating 'fair${\sim}$good condition'. According to the analysis of QHEI, the average was estimated as 136, 'fair${\sim}$good condition'. Spatial variation the QHEI were evident; site 1 and site 4 were 186 and 120 respectively, indicating an 'excellent and fair${\sim}$good conditions'. Site 3 was 69, fair condition while the other sites were 128${\sim}$156, good condition.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.1103-1107
• /
• 2006

Iris odesanensis Y.N. Lee is one kind of species among 54 endangered plant species designated by the Ministry of Environment in Korea. It is very rare native plant throughout the country. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the native Iris odesanensis in Mt. Naeyon for their distribution and ecological characteristics. They were mostly distributed mid-slope of the mountain from 443m to 498m altitude. They were located lower part of valley and provided enough humid condition. They had proper light and humidity conditions as they faced south south west, south south east, and south. They were also located at the places deciduous woody plants were distributed for proper light conditions for spring blooming. Iris flowered to use light at the period before the trees thickly covered with foliage. However this unfavorable light condition caused low percentage as 7.04% of blooming individuals in this study. In herbaceous, Vioia chaerophylloides(Regel) W. Hocker, Carex siderosticta Hance, Erythronium japonicum Decne., Oxalis obtriangulata Max., Hepatica asiatica Nakai, Lilium tsingtauense Gilg et cetera were appeared well. We propose that proper pruning of upper branches of the deciduous trees is needed for suitable light condition of management of native sites.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2006

Korean Traditional houses has been evolved and developed in many years, adopting the natural environment to control exterior conditions. These control method are various passive system of using natural materials, considering micro climate, building lay out, and these system are more natural and ecological to make the comfortable indoor climate than active systems of the present houses. This study aims to analyzed control performance of outdoor environment of five Korean traditional houses during the summer and winter. These houses are varied with lay out and floor plan to reflect the way of control for environmental condition, surveyed the reverberation time and sound level difference between rooms of the main living room and other main floored room, master room and kitchen. Especially air temperature and humidity have been measured simultaneously in each rooms to compare with outdoor condition. As a result, the variation of air temperature and humidity of most rooms are considerably static while condition of outdoors are much varied, it is showed that indoor climate has been controled with traditional soiled walls.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.335-342
• /
• 2015

This research was conducted to examine the changes in growth and production of Oryza sativa L. cv. Ilmi, which was developed to cultivate high yielding rice variety in the Southern plains of Korea. The seedlings of the rice were cultivated from May to October in 2012 under three different conditions: control, AC-AT, ambient $CO_2$ + ambient temperature; AC-ET, ambient $CO_2$ + elevated temperature; EC-ET, elevated $CO_2$ + elevated temperature. The aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, the total biomass of the rice, and panicle weight per individual were the heaviest in the EC-ET. But, the number of grains per panicle and the weight of one grain was higher at the condition of AC-ET and EC-ET than that of AC-AT. The number of tiller was higher at the condition of AC-AT and AC-ET than that of EC-ET. However, there was no significant difference in the number of panicles per individual and the ripened grain rate among the control and global warming treatments. Crop yield was the highest in the EC-ET. This result means that the global warming condition should be considered in the selection of suitable paddy field for the limibyeo in the future.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.96-110
• /
• 2000

There are some considerations that must take into account in environmental education in the aspect of the difference of value clarification between ecological and economic viewpoint on environment. Although we have a tendency to think that the differences are unavoidable because we are on the economy-oriented life, we should realize that such emphasis to economics comes from the differences between ecological and economic view point on environment. We have lived and thought on the basis of Economic view point, especially, environmental policies are established on the basis of economic efficiency. But this tendency has become great obstacles to environmental ethics education because it dilutes the reason of natural preservation and removes the fundamental reasons why the nature should be preserved. Therefore it is very difficult to balance the value clarification between economic and ecological viewpoint in actual life. Furthermore, environmental problems can not be solved only through economic approach, because of their limits to belief solving from providing incentives. It is very important to make people have a way of thinking which economic activities and debates can be made on the ecological resources. Therefore we can compare this relation to CHAE-YONG founded on Buddism and Chinese philosophy. CHAE means essence of every reaction in the cosmos, and YONG means the reaction itself. CHAE is regarded to ecological resources, and YONG is thought to every-day economic activities. YONG is not able to existwithout CHAE. If economic activities can be done on the basic limit of ecological resources, we can build suitable environment to living condition. We call this appropriate environment as SANG. In other words, the connection of CHAE-YONG-SANG means ecological resources - economic activities - sustainable environment. It is realized that the relations between economics and ecology should be equalized for the balanced environmental ethics education. This study tries to get out of unbalanced relations between economics and ecology from the persepectives of CHAE-YONG-SANG and it was done to suggest an alternative environmental ethics education program

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.21-42
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Social influence has a decisive role in shaping a person's cognition and behavior. Chinese face consciousness, including moral component, is an important part of Chinese traditional culture, which influences people to implement moral behavior. With both eye-tracking technology and traditional questionnaire, this research aims to explore people's moral psychology and the psychological processing mechanisms of Chinese face consciousness, as well as the impact of Chinese face consciousness on the preference for the ecological product. Method and Data: 75 college and MBA students' eye movement data were collected when they read different kinds of moral materials, as well as data from the subsequent questionnaires. To test the hypothesis, ANOVA analysis and Heat Map analysis were performed. Besides, the PROCESS of bootstrap was used to test mediation effect. Findings: The results reveal that: 1. Compared to the moral-situation reading, when subjects read immoral situations, they need more processing time due to the moral dissonance and cognitive load. 2. Compared to the control condition, when threatened moral self is primed, subjects prefer to choose ecological product. 3. Protective face orientation is the mediator between threatened moral self and preference to ecological product. Key Contributions: First, this study broadens the use of eye-tracking technology in marketing and demonstrates a better understanding of the relationship between morality and consumer behavior in a more scientific way. Second, this study not only distinguishes the meanings between "protective face orientation" and "acquisitive face orientation", but also innovatively validates that when moral self is threatened, consumers tend to choose ecological product as moral compensation in order to protect their face. It can shed light on the promotion of ecological product in practical applications.