• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.420-429
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• 2009

The purposes of this study were to investigate the perception of nutrition labeling on restaurant menus, and to analyze the differences among subject's characteristics, eating-out behaviors, and dietary attitudes. Information concerning general characteristics, health status, eating-out behaviors and dietary attitudes of subjects was collected by a structured questionnaire. From January 5th to February 27th in 2009, 406 questionnaires were completed by 157 males and 249 females. Statistical analyses were performed using by SPSS 14.0 package program. The perception of the importance of nutrition labeling was 3.89, while knowledge of whether restaurants provided sufficient nutrition information scored 2.26 indicating that being highly conscious of nutrition labeling, respondents did not view the supplied information as sufficient. Nutritional perception was greater in females and varied in both genders with age and health status. Significant differences concerning the perceptions of nutrition labeling were evident, based on eating-out behaviors and dietary attitudes. The results imply that nutrition labeling on restaurant menus should be based on consumer characteristics. Relevant nutrition labeling might help improve health by encouraging proper dietary habits and providing valuable nutritional information. Recognition of the importance of nutrition labeling and strategic implementation of labeling in menus would be prudent strategies for restaurant managers. (Korean J Community Nutrition 14(4) : 420${\sim}$429, 2009)

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the eating out behaviors of adults in Jeonju area. A total of 500 adults were surveyed by questionnaires during January 2004. The subjects were aged 20 to over 50 years, and were classified into 4 groups (age $20{\sim}29,\;30{\sim}39,\;40{\sim}49$, and over 50). The data were analyzed using the SPSS 10.0 program. The results are summarized as follows: 78.2% of adults aged 50 and over answered they are 'eats three meals every day' (p<0.05). Breakfast was skipped in 73.3% of $20{\sim}29$ age group(p<0.001). As the age goes up, three meals and breakfast ratio were high. The highest frequency to dine out with a subjects were 2 or 3times a month(31.2%). About 40% of the $30{\sim}39$ age group spent daily $20,000{\sim}30,000$ Won for eating out. Korean foods were the most preferred menu for eating out in $40{\sim}49$ age group(p<0.001). Taste of food was the most important factor in selecting the menu (57.2%). Major source of restaurant information was recommendation by friends or relatives in $20{\sim}29$ age group(p<0.001). Dinner eat out was most frequent(45%) and lunch eat out on dinner eat out was 29%. Especially, 65.8% of $30{\sim}39$ age group was highest.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.166-174
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare dietary self-efficacy for sodium intake reduction and dietary behaviors by eating areas. Subjects (797 males and 767 females) were classified according to perceived dietary habit levels related to sodium intake (lowest: ${\leq}10$ (n=434), low: $11{\sim}{\leq}13$ (n=471), high: $14{\sim}{\leq}15$ (n=360), highest: $16{\leq}$ (n=299)) using an online survey with a sample that was geographically representative of the population. The highest group was significantly younger and had a higher student proportion than the lowest group. Dining contexts regarding home led to a significantly higher sodium intake in the highest group, but it was eating out for the lowest group. The highest group had a significantly lower intention to reduce sodium intake compared to the lowest group. In the home cooked meals, the highest group displayed a significantly lower cooking frequency, less effort with respect to a low sodium diet and cooking habits related to sodium intake as compared to the lowest group. Also, regarding eating out and food service, the highest group exhibited significantly lower efforts and dietary behaviors to reduce sodium intake than the lowest group. The dietary score for sodium reduction behavior in the highest group was significantly lower compared to the lowest group, for home cooked meals, eating out, as well as food service. Thus, dietary guidelines and nutrition education for the reduction of sodium intake by eating areas need to be developed and provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.336-347
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate eating-out behavior patterns of youths, especially junior high and senior high school students. 1600 questionnaire surveys were distributed and 1487 were used for analysis. In order to consider regional differences as well as overall characteristics of youths' eating-out behaviors, the subjects were evenly sampled from north Seoul, south Seoul, big cities, middle/small cities and small towns. As for the frequency of eating-out, 62.7% of respondents answered once to twice per week. For the can of more than 5 times of eating-out per week, the respondents from south Seoul showed the highest frequency. For the case of no eating-out, the highest frequency was shown from the small towns. As for the most frequently visited place for eating-out, 33.6% of respondents answered Korean style restaurants, and 17.6% Boon-sik(Sanck-bar). Regarding the preference of Korean style restaurants, the highest rate was shown from the residents of big cities. For the question of when they eat out, 89.6% answered dinner and 6.3% lunch. For the question about reason of choosing particular restaurants, 61.5% of respondents referred to tastes and 16.6% price. For the question of the most important reason of eating out, 52.6% point out 'meal solution' and 25.6% 'for meeting.' As for the people accompanied when eating out, 67.2% of the respondents answered family. For the cost of eating out per person, 45.7% of the respondents spent 2000-4000 won for lunch; 31.1% spent 5000-10,000 won for dinner; 33.7% of the respondents spent more than 20,000 won for the special events. Regarding the regional differences of eating-out cost, respondents from south Seoul tended to spend the biggest amount of money for lunch, dinner and special day.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.69-80
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among body image Perception, eating behavior and health status in young females. The survey was carried out by self-questionnaires for 293 female high school students(HS) and 164 female college students(CS) living in Daegu and suburbs of Daegu. For the perception of body image, 9-grade body figure drawings were used based on average Korean body size. EAT-26 and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used to measure the tendency of eating disorder and self-esteem. It appeared that 40.5% of the subjects were off the normal range of body weight; especially 34.2% of the subject were underweight. The subjects' perception about current body image was within normal range. Almost of all the subjects believed that the ideal body image was thinner than their own current body image, and they wanted to be thinner than their current body image. The change of eating behaviors related to weight control of CS was significantly higher than that of HS students. EAT-26 score, self-esteem score, and subjective health status score were no difference between groups. The cut-off point of the eating disorder in this study was equal to or greater than 20 in EAT-26 score. The rates of the eating disorder were very high as 9.6% of HS and 8.5% of CS. Eating disorder was positively correlated with BMI, current body image, dissatisfaction of body image and the change score of eating behavior. But eating disorder was negatively correlated with health status. From the results of this study, we suggested that one of causes related to the eating disorder behaviors in adolescent females was resulted from misperception about ideal body image. There is a great need to provide nutrition educations concerning appropriate perception of body image and weight control among adolescent females.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.250-266
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• 2015

This study concentrated on the dining out consumption behaviors, dining out selection attributes, and changes in eating habits of silver generation. Total 216 residents in metropolitan area were employed for statistical analysing. The results are as follows. First, as the result of t-test and ANOVA showed that female and higher academic background tended to regularly take high level of fruits, vegetables, meat, and fish eating habits. These results identified that dining out culture and dietary lifestyle are closely linked. Second, as the result of difference in dining out consumption attitudes on eating habit of silver generation, consumers who have better eating behaviors tended to consider the physical environment, variety of menu, and service quality when they choose a restaurant. Third, as the result of analysis on changes in dining out consumption behavior based on eating behavior of silver consumers, groups differences were found from only the source for information on dining out business and standard variable in selection of dining out business. Fourth, physical environment, variety of menu, business quality, and service were indicated as significant selection attributes of dining out among silver peoples. Fifth, dining out consumption behaviors of silver consumers were developed through newspapers, magazines, and previous visiting experiences. In conclusion, the results of present study showed that silver consumers tend to select a restaurant based on word-of-mouth and various factors related to experiences. Hence, various promotional activities are necessary for the business succession.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.113-122
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine and understand body image, appearance behaviors, and eating disturbances among females in the Diet Center. Subjects for this research were 40 females enrolled at the Diet Center in Seoul. They were interviewed for this study using an interview schedule at September in 2004. As a result, most of the subjects (87%) were dissatisfied with their bodies, especially their lower body such as hip, thighs, legs, stomach. Subjects tended to use dieting and fasting (46.3%) as the most common appearance management behaviors in relation to the body parts. Make-up (32.9%) was also used as routine appearance behaviors, while 37.5% of subjects have had cosmetic surgery on eyes, nose and liposuction. Sixty percent of subjects had participated in Diet center programs more than twice. This may mean that society pressures women to have a slim body, which then will result in more self-confidence. Subjects tend to engage in unhealthy eating behaviors, such as 'fasting', 'inducing vomit', 'using diet pills or laxatives', and 'after chewing, spit out'. Based on these results, socio-cultural body image regarding ideal beauty would be discussed.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.18-31
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• 2012

The current study aimed to analyze data conducting a survey with 211 females in Ulsan Gyeongnam province in order to understand what influence lifestyle types of female customers exert on eating-out behaviors from the perspective of eating-out motivation. So as to achieve research purpose, we conducted factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, ANOVA analysis, multiple regression analysis, correlation analysis and frequency analysis through SPSS 12.0 program. Findings of analyses indicated that items of lifestyle involve d 4 factors, and the item of eating out behaviors was extracted to be 1 factor. As a result of testing differences in lifestyle depending on residential areas, both type of chasing fashion and type of extroverted dependence have significant differences in variables, and both factors indicated that females living in Ulsan have higher mean values than those of females living in Gyeongnam. As a result of analyzing lifestyle depending on age, which was adopted in part, females at the ages of 31~40 had higher mean values than those in other ages in the type of chasing fashion, and females above the age of 51 had higher mean values than those in other ages in type of chasing health. As a result of lifestyle depending on academic backgrounds, university students or graduates had higher mean values than those in other academic backgrounds. For the influence of lifestyle types on eating-out behaviors depending on eating-out motivation, the type of chasing fashion, the type of purchasing the quality of life, and the type of chasing health were p<0.001, having significant effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.507-515
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• 2006

This study was to analyse the eating out behaviors of customers who visit a Koran restaurant especially focused on CNR(cold noodle: naengmyun restaurant) and to find out the marketing promotion points. Through the snowball sampling, 423 customers data were surveyed in summer and winter as respects of seasonal variation. The collecting data were analysed descriptive data and statistical different using the Statistical Package for the Social Science(SPSS version 10.0). The results were as follows; The participants of the study were composed of 209 man(49.4%) and 204 woman(50.6%). Most customers were 30's(36.2%), office worker(27.5%) and spend 5,000${\sim}$10,000 won(46.3%) for eating out. The consumer more preferred a specialty restaurant, the reason was to expect better taste(37.1%). In visiting CNR, the customer frequently ordered complement menu(90.1%) with cold noodle, complement menu should be developed periodically. The important factor to visiting CNR was the accessing convenience for the shop and desirable taking time was within 15 minutes. The buckwheat noodle in broth(mulnaengmyun) was the most favorite selecting menu. And the noodle texture was key evaluation factor in all types of cold noodle and the other factor was different according to the types of cold noodle. The visiting frequencies of CNR were not significantly different according to seasonal variation and sociodemographic variable. Above the half of customers visited at CNR with his/her family. This study find out the suggestion that consumer eating concepts about CNR was family eating therefore the cold noodle. specialty restaurant should be create more delight atmosphere and developed menu for families' eating out place.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.725-731
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• 2011

In this study, a survey was carried out on 300 students in Korea Culinary Arts Science High School located in Gyeonggi-do from August 1 to August 30, 2011 to figure out how the control of high school students' eating behavior affects the change of their psychological achievement. Analysis showed that attitude toward eating behavior, and perceived behavior that recognize this and act, as eating habits for control of their eating behavior, are the most control factors of eating behavior. It says that the right perception of customary attitude and the correction of habits according to the exposure and performance of repetitive eating behaviors are important. Consequently, an ordinarily regular norm as a social norm, or a rule around it won't act as big positive factors.