• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop a textbook and teaching guidebook on sensory education for lower grade students at elementary schools. The goal of sensory education was to improve preferences for traditional Korean foods. An advisory committee was organized that was composed of 8 professionals in the education field, in order to discuss the adequacy and validity of the textbook's content. The textbook's units consisted of three parts composed of the following: 'feel by the five senses' (2 lessons), 'enjoying traditional Korean foods' (9 lessons), and 'eating together' (1 lesson). The lesson activities were based on experiential learning. The teacher's guidebook contained an overview of the education process, with specific information and practical guidelines for each lesson. Ninety-seven children in 3rd grade from one school participated in a pilot lesson, which evaluated the educational effects and satisfaction. After the lesson, the children had improved preferences for foods which were taught about in the class, along with better eating attitudes. These results reflect that the developed materials were suitable for improving children's preferences toward traditional Korean foods.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.236-244
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of study was to identify the influence of parenting efficacy on health promotion behavior during early childhood and to provide baseline data for developing health promotion programs. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey research study. The participants were 202 parents of children in early childhood selected by convenience sampling. From October 1 to October 8, 2008 data were collected using structured and self-report questionnaires. Results: The mean score for parenting efficacy for these parents was 3.54, and health promotion behavior had a mean score of 3.21. The health promotion behavior was statistically different according to the child's health status, fathers' smoking habits, and mothers' eating habits. Parenting efficacy (17%) was the best predictor, followed by child's health status in early childhood (2%), and mothers' eating habits (1%) which together explained 20% of the variance in health promotion behavior during early childhood. Conclusion: The findings indicate that parenting efficacy of parents is an important factor for enhancing health promotion behavior in early childhood. Therefore, health professionals must establish strategies to improve the parenting efficacy of parents in order to promote health promotion behavior for children in early childhood.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.183-188
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• 1992

Behaviour of 7 horned Japanese Black Cattle (3-9 years old) kept in a $450m^2$ dry-lot under loose housing condition was observed in the daytime (0930-1730 h) during 3 consecutive days. Eating and lying behaviour of cattle and the positions of all animals when lying together were recorded at 10-min intervals. Agonistic encounters and social licking interactions in the herd were also recorded. The cattle established a social hierarchy which was near linear. An irregularity in the diurnal rhythm of lying behaviour was found on the 3rd day, which appeared to be caused by oestrus behaviour of a herdmate. Eating frequency showed greater variation among individuals than lying frequency, and the most dominant animal ate most frequently in the herd. The spatial pattern of the herd when lying indicated a relatively loose dispersion in the lot. Higher ranking cattle tended to lie down more frequently near the hay rack in the lot, so that lower ranking animals had more difficult access to feed. Cattle with more social licking interactions had a tendency to lie down near each other irrespective of proximity of social order, therefore it was suggested that social preference among particular individuals occurred in the herd.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.701-712
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• 2015

This study analyses "Survey of Health and Behavior of Children and Adolescents" which is conducted by National Youth Policy Institute that investigated influential factors in difference between actual obesity and perceptional obesity. GLM (Generalized Linear Mode) was carried out to estimate the effects on the eating habits and physical activities and multinomial logit analysis was carried out to examine the influential factors in difference between actual, obesity and perceptional obesity. The results of this study are shown as follows. First 72.0% of total respondents showed the congruence between actual obesity and perceptional obesity and 24.6% of total respondents perceived them fatter than actual. The remaining 3.5% perceived them thinner than actual. Second, the main effects of actual obesity and perceptional obesity on eating habits were statistically significant, but interaction effect between them was not statistically significant. The main effects of actual obesity and perceptional obesity on physical activities and interaction effect between them were all statistically significant. Third, the influential factors in difference between actual obesity and perceptional obesity were gender, age, school record, education of parents, subjective economic status, and living together with family.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2004

The study purpose was to investigate the factors related to fast food consumption of university students. Factors were identified using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Based on the pilot study, 18 behavioral beliefs, 7 normative beliefs and 19 control beliefs were identified. Data (n = 269) were analyzed using analysis of variance or $X^2$,/TEX> tests. Subjects were categorized into non-users (27.9%), users (42%) and frequent users ( $\geq$ 2 times/week, 30.1%). Regarding behavioral beliefs, users or frequent users responded more positively on advantages of eating fast foods including ‘taste’ (p < 0.001), ‘making me feel full’(p < 0.001), ‘diverse menus’(p < 0.05) than non-users. Compared to users, non-users responded more positively on the item that eating fast foods leads to eat vegetables less (p < 0.05), and negatively on ‘making me eat more salt’(p < 0.05). Most of the referent groups, parents (p < 0.001), sisters/brothers (p < 0.01), relatives (p < 0.01), friends (p < 0.05), boy/girl friends (p < 0.05) were important sources of influence regarding subjects' fast food consumption. Users or frequent users felt less control over factors or situations that make it consume fast foods (9 out of 19 control beliefs). These factors included; availability issues (p < 0.001), ‘not having other foods on hand’(p < 0.01), ‘others eating together like fast foods’, ‘convenience’, ‘social increase in fast food use’, ‘easy to get fast foods anytime’(p < 0.05). In addition, users of fast foods were more likely to eat fast foods when they don't have time, when they do not like to cook, when they feel hungry (p < 0.05). These results suggest that interventions for university students include strategies to moderate fast food use by modifying behavioral beliefs, suggesting alternative menus and behavior modification techniques, increasing perception of control, and eliciting social support.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.168-180
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• 1996

This study was accomplished to investigate the prevalence of obesity among the 229 elementary school children(boys; 115 persons, girls; 114 persons) during 4 years by retrospective study. The results were as follows; 1. The mean height and weight of 229 subjects were 143.2cm(boys;143.4cm, girls; 142.7cm), 38.8kg(boys;40.4kg, girls;36.9kg), respectively. And other anthropometric body index such as the mean BMI, Rohrer Index, WLI and Obesity Index of subjects were 18.8(boys;19.5, girls; 18.0), 1.31(boys;1.36, girls; 1.26), 115.5(boys;121.4, girls; 108.9) and 110.6(boys;114.5, girls; 106.7), respectively. 2. The mean percentile values of height and weight of subjects were higher than the '85 Korean Children's Growth Standard, respectively. In the case of boys, the 75th percentile value of weights was larger than that's 97th's. And in the case of girls, the 75th percentile value of weights was equalled to the that's 90th's. 3. When the subjects were classified into 4 groups such as obese, overweight, normal, and lean groups according to Obesity Index, their percentages were 28.8%(boys; 38.3%, girls; 19.3%), ll.8%(boys; 9.6%, girls; 14.0%), 50.7%(boys; 47.0%, girls; 54.4%) and 8.7%(boys; 5.2%, girls; 12.3%), respectively. And only I person(3.3%) is classified into normal group and 2 persons(6.7%) are classified into overweight group when they become 5 grade among 30 persons(13.1%) who were classified into obese group when they were I grade. 4. Changes in percentage of subjects differentiated by 3 indices during 4 years(from I grade to 5 grade) were as follows; In the case of BMI were 5.2%, 5.2%, 11.8%, 21.0%, 27.5%. In the case of Roher index were 13.1%, 11.8%, 14.4%, 14.8%, 17.8%. And in the case of WLI were 15.7%, 21.6%, 29.5%, 32.2%, 36.7%. 5. There was no significant difference among 4 groups on the skip rate of breakfast(obese;48.5%, overweight;55. mean meal time of subjects took about 10 minutes which was short, and the eating rate of obese group was significantly shorter than that of other groups(p<0.05). There was a tendency that the rate of the obese or overweight group eating together in breakfast and dinner was lower than that of normal or lean group. The mean T.V. watching time and the rate of eating out of subjects were 1-2 hours/day and 1 or 2 times/week. In conclusion, the subjects have been grown remarkably compared to the '85 Korean Children's Growth Standard, especially boy's weight. In order to the elementary school children to be grew as healthful citizen they should recognize the importance of meals of everyday, the balanced meals, and desirable eating habits. In addition to these, we should educate the ways of meal-life to them. We also are in need to develope the methods of education for the students themselves and their parents so that could prevent the increase rate of obesity.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.707-719
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• 2008

This study was carried out to find the relationship among dietary behavior, dietary self efficacy and nutrition knowledge according to the perceived body shape of the 5th and 6th grade elementary students in Gangwon Province and found out their relationships. The results are as follows; The factors that showed significant difference according to perceived body shape were gender, father's education level, the number of siblings, birth order, obesity of parents and siblings and ideal body shape. For the perceived body shape, the students answered generally normal(48.9%), slightly fat(27.9%), thin(16.5%) and very fat(6.7%). Out of total students 76.5% of them were not satisfied with their body shape such that satisfactory(23.5%), want to lose weight(61.4%) and want to increase weight(15.1%). The score of eating behavior showed significant difference between perceived body shape on such questions as eating speed(p<0.001), frequency of fatty food intake(p<0.001), adequate intake quantity(p<0.001), balanced diet(p<0.05), frequency of going out to eat(p<0.001). The score of diet self efficacy showed significant difference in the area of general habit on such questions as whether to eat slowly together with friends (p<0.001), whether to eat adequate quantity(p<0.001), whether not to have snacks after dinner(p<0.001). And in the area of food selection it showed significant difference on such questions as to select ice cream in stead of yoplait(p<0.001). In the area of social circumstance it showed significant difference on such questions as to reject the food(p<0.01) and to restrain food in birthday party or holiday(p<0.05). In the area of emotional status it showed significant difference on the question about food restrain when boring and depressed(p<0.05 respectively). The score of nutrition knowledge showed significant difference according to the perceived body shape on such questions as total score(p<0.01), five basic food group(p<0.05), snack and body weight(p<0.001), calcium function(p<0.01). It showed perceived body shape co-related with the nutrition knowledge(p<0.01). In summary, the perceived body shape for the highly eating behavior was generally normal, for the highly dietary self efficacy was slightly fat, and for the highly nutrition knowledge was also slightly fat.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2006

Drugs are often taken together with meals and there are numerous opportunity for food-drug interaction to occure. Food-drug interactions and their clinical consequences are very complex indeed. The composition of the meal, and the volume of fluid that is ingested often are decisive factors in food-drug interactions. Various formulations of a specific drug may behave differently. Solutions and suspensions seem to be less susceptible and enteric-coated preparations are more susceptible, to food interactions than are other dosage forms but exceptions to this rule do exist. Furthermore, generic and environmental factors, disease and other drugs cause considerable inter- and intraindividual variation in food-drug interactions. Also, eating habits are dissimilar in different parts of the world, and diets often vary greatly from day to day. The taking of drugs together with meals offers some obvious benefits. It may help to reduce gastrointestinal irritation and compliance is improved. On the other hand, in some cases food interferes seriously with drug absorption. The purpose of this review is to clarify the complexity of food-drug interactions, and to discuss interactions that may be of clinical importance.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2012

The object of this study is to investigate the satisfaction level of group homes for the elderly living alone in rural areas. Sixty-four elderly people, living alone, were selected from ten regions operated by the Gimje city council in Jeonlabuk-do, and then a survey was conducted during January 17 to 26 in 2011. The results of the investigation are as follows: first, roughly 90.6 percent of the participants responded that they were satisfied with cohabitation. Second, average point of satisfaction was going to bed together, which is 4.39, also each unit in all the ten regions was recorded above 4.00. Third, the satisfaction of eating together averaged highly at 4.37. Fourth, 95 percent of them were satisfied with the conditions of the residential space. Fifth, the satisfaction with the amenities, such as electricity, phone, heating and sanitation, averaged 96.9 and 98.4 percent each, which was rated highest. Through analytical research, elderly people who live in 'group homes' are satisfied with their lives. It is thought that this 'group home' can play the role of an alternative family better than existing 'senior citizen centers' and 'welfare centers for the elderly'. The study means that 'group homes' in rural areas could be established successfully.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.81-94
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to interpret a house as material into culture. Main method is an ethnographic interview with dwellers as a part of a participant observation, a kind qualitative study. Significantly two different types of folk housing are discovered in East and West areas of the Cheju Island. In the East, kitchen itself forms a separated building, Jeongji-gori, whereas in the West, kitchen is within a main building, An-gori. Different type of kitchen is formed by the different family system. While independent family system of son and father selects a separate kitchen building as a general rule of Cheju Island, an extended family system between father and son selects same kitchen, Jeongji-gori, in the east area. Natural environment of infertile soil of east area makes family work together and eat together. Inner space of the kitchen building is utilized not only in cooking but also in eating, working, and sleeping. In order to explain folk house type, a 'culture area' concept is suggested. The interrelated 'cultural type' of architecture behind a physical surface 'type' is suggested as a new typology.