• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.581-587
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• 2014

In this study we included 298 working women in Kangwon province to investigate the life style and eating habits related to constipation. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to Roman II criteria as follows : normal, mild constipation and constipation groups. For the result, 48.4%, 42.7%, 27.2% and 28.6% of the subjects had constipation in the order of 20's, 30's, 40's, and 50's, respectively. Constipation group had low frequency of bowel movement per week and irregular visit to toilet compared to normal and mild constipation groups. There were higher percentage of people with reading habit while sitting on a toilet, in the constipation group compare to other groups. Constipation groups had difficulty having bowel movement when sleeping outside of their home. There was a significant difference in water consumption per day among the 3 groups. But there was no significant difference in the amount of meals consumed and the number of meals with snacks per day. For the food frequency, there was lower frequency of yogurt and vegetables consumption in the constipation group. But there was no difference in how to eat fruits. From these results, we concluded that in order to treat the constipation, it is recommended to take enough water and dietary fiber, and to have physical activities for the working women.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.773-781
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• 2005

Menu-development is one of the important parts in restaurant business. Menu in restaurant has to be developed by customer's net which is the key for the success in restaurant management, The purpose of this study is to determine stress level, food intake, food habit, food preference of employees in certain companies and to develop proper menus for employees who are under high stress state. This study also determine whether the customers under stress will visit restaurant which provide stress-release-menu or not This study was conducted to people who live in Seoul and its adjunct area, including Gyunggi Province. The subjects were selected at random and the Questionnaires were sent to the subject by mail. The surveys included personal information, extent of stress, food habits related to the stress. The statistical tests were performed with SPSS computer software program. The male subjects were $44.9\%$ and females were $55.1\%$, aged between $30\~40$ years old. The percentages of no risk, borderline, and at risk, in the stress level of subjects, were 48.3, 16.5 and $35.2\%$, respectively. Most of the subjects, $61.8\%$, had normal food habit and $29.2\%$ had bad food Habits. The ideal costs of meals were $3,000\~5,000Won$ for breakfast$(57.3 \%)$, $5,000\~10,000Won$ for lunch$(54.7\%)$, and $10,000\~20,000Won$ for dinner$(38.2\%)$. Subjects under high stress answered 0 need a dietary supplementation for stress release. This study also showed that $92\%$ of the subjects under stress were willing to visit restaurants which have stress-release menus. In conclusion, adults who are under stress are shown to be interested in stress and nutrition management and they are willing to visit restaurants providing stress-release menus.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.325-336
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to determine how weaning by mothers of preschool children between the ages of five and seven years influences the children's eating habits and food preferences. The results of this study will help to educate mothers about good weaning practices and facilitate the development of weaning programs by providing basic data on the subject. The results demonstrated significantly positive correlations between children's scores on eating habits and the level of vigorous weaning practices, the consistency of their practice, and the child's reaction to the foods provided (p<0.001). A positive correlation was noted between the frequency of providing solid food and the preference toward the food, with the exception of boiled rice and brightly colored vegetables. Thus, the results of this survey showed that the frequency and variety of solid foods that mothers try to actively provide their young children affect their food preferences and eating habits in general. These conclusions suggest that mothers should be educated about the significance of proper weaning so that their children can develop appropriate eating habits, and that there should be nutritional education for mothers, regarding the best weaning practices.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.289-301
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the food habits and the dietary intake of female college students at day and night class in the Kyunggido area. The questionnaires were collected from 294 students(151 day class and 143 night class students) out of 350 in total. The results are as follows: Breakfast for day class students and breakfast and dinner of night class students were skipped more than 3 times a week. The main reason was short of time. In the behavior of food intake, the frequency of yellow-green vegetables, milk and seaweeds intake was low in all respondents. 18.4% of night class students ate out 3 times a day. In the kind of menu for eating out, Korean food was the most frequent. snack food the second, and fast food came last. 23.9% of students ate something 2 or 3 times a day between meals. The main reason for eating between meals was the desire to eat for day class students, and hunger for the night time students. Consumption of coffee was 0.76 cup a day Daily mean of calory intake was 1.394 kcal and the ratio of carbohydrate. protein lipid was 61:14:25. The intakes of iron and niacin of the day class students were higher than those of night class students. There was no significant difference in intake of other nutrients between day and night class students. Intake of calcium and iron did not reach 50% of Korean RDA.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.497-511
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a school-centered healthy eating environment for children in elementary care classrooms and prevent incorrect eating habits and obesity through the development and application of standardized healthy eating habit-forming educational materials. Methods: Ten schools in eight districts of Gyeonggi-do and 400 students from 19 care classes were selected. Based on the developed educational materials, the program was applied to students once in two weeks. 'Notices for Parents' forms were also sent to the students' home to educate their parents. Pre and post-surveys were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the education. The pre-education, education, and aftercare were conducted from September 28 to September 31, 2016, from October 3 to November 30, 2016, and from December 5 to December 9, 2016, respectively. Results: The healthy eating program for elementary care classes was designed to develop a school-centered healthy eating environment and provide standardized educational material for healthy eating habits. Twelve educational topics were developed: , , , , , , , , , , , and . Moreover, the materials were produced in four forms: for students, for after school caring teachers, for external specialists, and for parents. The effectiveness evaluation was conducted to confirm the application of the program. The average eating habits score was 3.3 ± 0.6, with no significant difference between before and after application. The score of overall satisfaction of the education was 3.9 ± 0.9. The most satisfying content was 'Did you get to know how to eat evenly?'. Significant increases were observed in two contents for parents regarding their children's knowledge changes after the education: 'Five nutrients needed for growing children' and 'Knowing sugar foods and sugar-containing foods'. On the other hand, their educational satisfaction was 3.6 ± 0.6, which was lower than the children's satisfaction. This might be because their education was conducted only through the 'Notices for Parents' form. Conclusions: In the long term, the healthy eating habit-formation education for lower elementary school children is expected to be beneficial. To prevent obesity and establish healthy eating habits of children, it is important to develop healthy eating education programs centered on elementary school aftercare classes, including the development of educational materials and an application system through connection with the home and community.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.315-324
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary behaviors, eating habits, and nutrient intakes of elementary students with atopic dermatitis. Dietary conditions during infancy, dietary regularity, dietary behaviors, eating habits, and daily nutrient intakes were surveyed and compared between children with (WAD) and without (WOAD) atopic dermatitis using the 24-hr recall method. The ratio of children who responded 'I eat regular meals' was significantly lower in the WAD compared to WOAD group (76.4% vs. 81.7%, p<0.05). The ratio of children who answered 'I eat processed foods or fast foods more than once a week' (p<0.01) and 'I take nutritional supplements' (p<0.001) was significantly higher in the WAD compared to WOAD group. The scores for 'I eat milk and its products everyday' (1.4 vs. 1.5, p<0.05), 'I eat dishes fried or stirred with oil more than twice a week' (2.0 vs. 2.1, p<0.05), and 'I eat snacks such as ice cream, cake, snacks, carbonated beverages more than twice a week' (1.9 vs. 2.0, p<0.05) were significantly lower in the WAD group than in the WOAD group. Daily energy intakes were 1,859.1 kcal and 1,829.5 kcal in WAD and WOAD children, respectively, with no significant difference. However, daily intakes of fat (p<0.05), phosphorus (p<0.05), and vitamin $B_2$ (p<0.05) in WAD children were significantly higher than in WOAD children. To sum up, elementary students with atopic dermatitis had irregular eating habits and higher intake frequency of processed or fast foods, milk and its products, dishes fried or stirred with oil, and snacks compared to normal children. Dietary guidance and nutritional education are required to improve irregular eating habits and induce adequate nutrient intakes in children with atopic dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.317-327
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate Chinese female marriage immigrants' dietary life after immigration to Korea, focusing on comparison between Han-Chinese (traditional Chinese) and Korean-Chinese (Chinese of Korean descent). Methods: An in-person survey was conducted with women married to Korean men, having one child or more aged 1-6 years old, and having resided in Korea for at least one year before the survey. The data were collected from the 309 respondents comprising 151 Han-Chinese and 158 Korean-Chinese in the summer of 2013. Results: Overall, there was no significant difference in dietary practice, dietary acculturation, dietary behavior, dietary habits, and food intake between the Han-Chinese and the Korean-Chinese respondents. Over 50% of the respondents ate Korean food every day. The overall level of dietary acculturation was about 3.5 out of 5 points. The average score of healthy dietary behavior was a little bit higher than 3 out of 5 points. Approximately 3/4 of the respondents showed increasing frequency of eating out. The respondents reporting increase food diversity were over 70%. Decreased frequency of skipping meal was about 60% of the respondents. Over 50% of the respondents showed increasing consumption of Kimchi, vegetables, fruit, and meat. Conclusions: Dietary life of Korean-Chinese female marriage immigrants was similar to that of Han-Chinese female marriage immigrants after immigration to Korea. The results from this study suggest that not only Han-Chinese but also Korean-Chinese should be targeted in various diet-related acculturation support programs as important multicultural populations in Korea.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.272-280
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• 2006

This study examined the weight control and food habits in 160 obese children and 191 normal-weight children in 4th, 5th and 6th graders of some elementary schools in Gumi city. Regarding the subjects' self-recognition of their body shape, 27.8% of the normal weight group and 92.5% of the obese group acknowledged themselves to be obese. 58.9% of the normal weight group and 61.0% of the obese group were not satisfied with their own body shape and the difference between two groups was very small, 23.6% of the normal weight group and 87.5% of the obese group have tried to reduce weight. The main causative factor of weight gain that children themselves recognized was a sedentary life style. All the students showed a high rate of irregular and unbalanced diet. The obese children showed a significantly higher rate of skipping meals and eating meals faster than the normal weight children. More obese children disliked exercise, and did less excercise than the normal weight children. There was a negative correlation between the obesity index and the food habit score. In other words, they frequently skip a meals, eat in a hurry and dislike vegetables and dairy products. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the student's BMI and the parents' BMI. Overall, many normal weight children showed a high level of self-consciousness of being obese or underweight. Both groups showed a low degree of satisfaction with their own body shape. Therefore education for the distorted perception of body shape is needed because, even normal weight children have tried to reduce their weight. Obese children should be encouraged to exercise, not skip a meals and eat slowly. They also need a systematic education program on weight reduction and weight maintenance. Moreover, education on a healthy diet, healthy food habits, and healthy body shape are necessary for elementary school children.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.486-498
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• 2016

This study aimed to examine the health-related lifestyle habits and eating behaviors according to gender, ethnicity, and residence type of university students in Yanbian, China. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 302 university students. Of the male students, 12.1% and 42.0% were in the underweight and overweight groups, respectively, and of the female subjects, 21.3% and 16.3%, were in those respective groups. More male than female students preferred the overweight body somatotype. In contrast, about 49.4% of female students were hoping to be underweight, and female students had more obvious difficulties with body somatotype perception, whereas their exercise frequency and time spent exercising per day were much less than those of male students. More Chinese than Korean-Chinese subjects exhibited regular eating habits, which included eating at the same time everyday and at the same frequency per day; these habits were, accompanied by generally healthier lifestyle habits regarding regularity of activity and exercise time. Self-boarding students had a significantly higher BMI ($23.7{\pm}5.1kg/m^2$) and were more likely to be overweight (43.5%) as compared to students who lived in a dormitory or with family. Salty taste was preferred by Chinese students more than Korean-Chinese students, and greasy taste was preferred by Korean-Chinese students as compared with Chinese students. This study found that inherent and environmental factors are related with the dietary behaviors of university students in Yanbian, China. Further studies are required to elucidate the structural elements of family life and the sociocultural factors associated with dietary behaviors in Yanbian.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 1996

This study was undertaken to evaluate the relation between obesity and dietary life of children aged 4-7 divided into two groups based on height for age, weight for age and weight for height. Controls were selected based on sex and age similar with those of cases. Cases and controls were selected using the combination of weight for height, weight for age and height for age by the World Health Organization standard. Cases were 23 children judged as obese. Controls were 37 judged as normal. Whether their mother had a job or not, showed relative risk 1.35(95% C1 0.32-5.64). In obese group, employmental statue of mother was 17.4% compared with 13.5% in control group. In mother's concern for cooking pattern, the relative risk was 5.64 and 95% CI was 1.70-18.66 in the item of "We consider the color arrangement when we serve foods" which was the highest rate. The item having the lowest relative risk was "We cook the meal by ourselves with spending time" which of the relative risk was 0.52 and 95% CI was 0.16-1.65. The item having a great significance in the dietary habit of subjects were "They beat the tablewear with the chopstick"(RR:1.64, 95% CI:0.22-12.73) and "I talk with food in my mouth"(RR :1.11, 95% CI:0.39-3.15), and the other items didn't show significancy. Number of food eating per day for male was 30.0$\pm$10.93 in obese group where as 23.2$\pm$9.80 in control group. 22.3$\pm$4.56, 21.8$\pm$10.91 were taken obese group and control group respectively in female. In the survey for general habit in life, the item of "We has a time for conversation with our family regularly" was high correlation to obesity and item of "We made our children change clothes and go to toilet themselvesj has slight relation to obesity. From above, we observed normal and obese children had different factors such as mother's attitude for preparing meals, table manners and habit of living. So we should take a continuous interest in children's dietary life in order to correct the wrong dietary habit and to protect from future problems.