• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제5권6호
• /
• pp.703-731
• /
• 2013

In order to verify the applicability of buckling restrained braces (BRB's) and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets to the seismic strengthening of a low-rise RC building having the irregularities of a soft/weak story and torsion at the ground story, a series of earthquake simulation tests were conducted on a 1:5 scale RC building model before, and after, the strengthening, and these test results are compared and analyzed, to check the effectiveness of the strengthening. Based on the investigations, the following conclusions are made: (1) The BRB's revealed significant slips at the joint with the existing RC beam, up-lifts of columns from RC foundations and displacements due to the flexibility of foundations, and final failure due to the buckling and fracture of base joint angles. The lateral stiffness appeared to be, thereby, as low as one seventh of the intended value, which led to a large yield displacement and, therefore, the BRB's could not dissipate seismic input energy as desired within the range of anticipated displacements. (2) Although the strengthened model did not behave as desired, great enhancement in earthquake resistance was achieved through an approximate 50% increase in the lateral resistance of the wall, due to the axial constraint by the peripheral BRB frames. Finally, (3) whereas in the original model, base torsion was resisted by both the inner core walls and the peripheral frames, the strengthened model resisted most of the base torsion with the peripheral frames, after yielding of the inner core walls, and represented dual values of torsion stiffness, depending on the yielding of core walls.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.667-674
• /
• 2013

기존 강재 브레이싱 내진보강법은 정착부의 안정성 문제와 브레이싱의 국부좌굴이 발생할 문제가 있으며, 이를 방지하기 위한 추가보강으로 인해 불필요한 자중증가 등으로 경제적인 내진보강성능 확보에 어려움이 있다. 이 연구에서는 지진피해를 받은 건물에 지진피해로 인한 기존 기둥의 연성확보를 위해서 유리섬유시트(glass fiber sheet)로 래핑을 함과 동시에 기존 철골 X-브레이싱 내진보강법에 비교해서 경량의 고강도 재료로 보강 후 추가적인 중량증가가 거의 없으며, 브레이싱 압축 좌굴거동에 자유로운 탄소섬유 앵커 X-브레이싱공법(carbon fiber X-brace)을 조합한 경제적이며 효과적인 새로운 내진보강법(GFS-CFXB)을 제안하였다. 이 연구에서 제안한 GFS-CFXB공법의 유용성을 검증할 목적으로 지진피해를 받은 골조를 대상으로 반복가력에 의한 구조실험을 실시하여 내진성능 및 내진보강 효과를 검증하였다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2020

최근 한반도 및 주변 지역에 지진 발생 횟수가 증가함에 따라 지진피해 대책 및 내진설계에 대한 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 지진 발생 시 우려되는 문제 중 하나인 액상화에 대한 관심과 우려의 목소리가 높아지는 실정이다. 특정 지반에 대하여 지반정보를 활용하면 액상화 발생 여부에 대한 가능성을 평가하는 것이 가능하며 이에 대한 다양한 방법이 존재한다. 그러나 각 방법에 대한 직접적인 비교는 아직 이뤄지지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대표적인 액상화 평가방법인 간편법에 필요한 전단저항 응력비(CRR)를 산정하는 방법 중 SPT-N값과 전단파 속도를 이용한 두 가지 방법의 비교 및 이를 활용하는데 요구되는 지반정보의 보정에 대한 비교 분석을 실시하였고 SPT-N값을 활용하여 액상화 발생 여부를 평가할 경우 더 정확한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제52권4호
• /
• pp.647-661
• /
• 2014

The use of steel-concrete composite members has been significantly increased as they have the advantages of the reduction of cross sectional areas, excellent ductility against earthquake loadings and a longer life span than typical steel frame members. The increased use of composite members requires an intensive study on the shear resistance evaluation of stud connectors in high strength concrete. However, the applicability of currently available standards is limited to composite members with normal and lightweight strength concrete. In this paper, push-out tests were performed on 24 specimens to investigate the structural behavior and shear resistance of stud connectors in high strength concrete. Test parameters include the existence of shear studs, height to diameter ratio of a shear stud, its diameter and concrete cover thickness. A shear resistance equation of stud connectors is proposed through a linear regression analysis based on the test results. Its accuracy is compared with those of existing shear resistance equations for studs in normal and lightweight concrete.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제83권6호
• /
• pp.745-756
• /
• 2022

This study aims to determine the cause of the load resistance loss in storage racks that can be attributed to external forces such as earthquakes and to improve safety by developing reinforcement systems that can prevent load resistance loss. To this end, a static cyclic loading test was performed on pallet racks commonly used in logistics warehouses. The test results indicated that a pallet rack exposed to an external force loses more than 50% of its load resistance owing to the damage caused to column-beam joints. Three reinforcement systems were developed for preventing load resistance loss in storage racks exposed to an external force and for performing differentiated target functions: column reinforcement device, seismic damper, and viscoelastic damper. Shake table testing was performed to evaluate the earthquake response and verify the performance of these reinforcement systems. The results confirmed that, the maximum displacement, which causes the loss of load resistance and the permanent deformation of racks under external force, is reduced using the developed reinforcement devices. Thus, the appropriate selection of the developed reinforcement devices by users can help secure the safety of the storage racks.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 1997

본 논문의 목적은 보-전단벽식 고층아파트의 단소성 지진응답해석을 수행하여 내진성능을 검토하는 것이다. 이를 위해 우선 구조물을 3차원 입체모델화하여 정적 탄소성해석을 수행하고 층 강성을 평가한 후, 그 결과를 이용하여 집중질량계모델을 사용한 시간이력 응답해석을 수행한다. 이때 탄소성 이력모델로는 modified Clough 모델을, 입력하중으로는 3종류의 기록 지진동 El-Centro 1940 NS, Taft 1952 EW, Hachinohe 1968 NS를 사용하되, 최대 지반가속도를 0.12g, 0.24g로 조절하여 사용한다. 해석모델로 장변 방향을 배치된 전단벽의 단면적이 단변의 0.5배이고, 동일한 평면을 가진 2세대가 일자형으로 배치된 25층의 아파트를 선정한다. 층간 변형각, 소성율등을 구하고 우리나라 및 미국, 일본의 내진규준에서 정하고 있는 제한사항과 비교검토한다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2009

안전하고 경제적인 내진설계를 위해서는 설계 초기단계부터 모멘트재분배와 부재소성변형을 고려하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 연구에서는 할선강성해석을 사용하여 각 부재의 재분배된 모멘트와 소성변형을 직접적으로 고려할 수 있는 내진설계방법을 개발하였다. 모멘트재분배에 의하여 발생된 비대칭 부재강성을 나타내기 위하여, 비강접 단부접합부를 갖는 보-기둥요소(NREC요소)를 사용하여 구조물을 모델링하였다. NREC요소에 사용되는 할선강성은 건물 및 부재의 요구연성도에 기반하여 결정하였다. 할선강성 구조모델에 대한 선형해석을 수행하여 내진설계를 위한 부재력과 소성변형을 구하였다. 본 연구에서는 할선강성해석을 모멘트골조와 이중골조의 내진설계에 적용하였고, 설계결과를 정밀한 비선형해석 결과와 비교하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2006

The seismic safety of reinforced concrete containment building can be evaluated by probabilistic analysis considering randomness of earthquake, which is more rational than deterministic analysis. In the safety assessment of earthquake-resistant structures by the deterministic theory, it is not easy to consider the effects of random variables but the reliability theory and random vibration theory are useful to assess the seismic safety with considering random effects. The reliability assessment of reinforced concrete containment building subjected to earthquake load includes the structural analysis considering random variables such as load, resistance and analysis method, the definition of limit states and the reliability analysis. The reliability analysis procedure requires much time and labor and also needs to get the high confidence in results. In this study, random vibration analysis of containment building is performed with random variables as earthquake load, concrete compressive strength, modal damping ratio. The seismic responses of critical elements of structure are approximated at the most probable failure point by the response surface method. The response surface method helps to figure out the quantitative characteristics of structural response variability. And the limit state is defined as the failure surface of concrete under multi-axial stress, finally the limit state probability of failure can be obtained simply by first-order second moment method. The reliability analysis for the multiaxial strength limit state and the uniaxial strength limit state is performed and the results are compared with each other. This study concludes that the multiaxial failure criterion is a likely limit state to predict concrete failure strength under combined state of stresses and the reliability analysis results are compatible with the fact that the maximum compressive strength of concrete under biaxial compression state increases.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.217-235
• /
• 2023

Orthogonal pairs of rollers on concave beds (OPRCB) are a low-cost, low-tech rolling-based isolating system, whose high efficiency has been shown in a previous study. However, seismic performance of OPRCB isolators has only been studied in the two-dimensional (2D) state so far. This is while their performance in the three-dimensional (3D) state differs from that of the 2D state, mainly since the vertical accelerations due to rollers' motion in their beds, simultaneously in two orthogonal horizontal directions, are added up and resulting in bigger vertical inertia forces and higher rolling resistance. In this study, first, Lagrange equations were used to derive the governing equations of motion of the OPRCB-isolated buildings in 3D. Then, some regular shear-type OPRCB-isolated buildings were considered subjected to three-component excitations of far- and near-source earthquakes, and their responses were compared to those of their fixed-base counterparts. Finally, the effects of more realistic modeling and analysis were examined by comparing the responses of isolated buildings in 2D and 3D states. Response histories were obtained by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta-Nystrom method, considering the geometrical nonlinearity of isolators. Results reveal that utilizing the OPRCB isolators effectively reduces the acceleration response, however, depending on the system specifications and earthquake characteristics, the maximum responses of isolated buildings in the 3D state can be up to 40% higher than those in the 2D state.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
• /
• pp.52-55
• /
• 2004

Before incorporating the earthquake-resistance design in design code(998), most of existing residential buildings were built without having lateral resistance capacity in addition to their structural peculiarity such as exterior stair ways, exterior elevator room. For these reasons, the retrofitting research demands for existing buildings arise recently and many retrofitting methods are proposed. These tasks are important to reduce the enormous economic loss and environmental issues. In this study, Scaled residential buildings with/without lateral resistance were tested and monitored with external lateral load especially toward the longer side of the building. From these experiments, enhanced retrofitting methods of old shear wall system are proposed and also compared with structural analysis.