• 지구물리
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2006

The data, methodology, and the resulting accurate gravimetric geoid model for the Korean Peninsula (latitude from 32˚ N to 40˚ N and longitude from 124˚ E to 131˚ E) are presented in this study. The types of used data were a high degree geopotential model (the EGM96 spherical harmonic coefficient set), a set of 12,615 land gravity observations, 1,056,075 shipborne gravity observations, and KMS2002 gravity anomalies from satellite altimetry. The remove-restore technique was successfully applied to combining the above mentioned data sets using up to degree and order 112 of the EGM96 coefficient. The residual geoid was calculated with residual Free-Air anomaly values using the spherical Stokes' formula with a 37-km integration cap radius. The geoid model was referred to WGS84 geodetic system and was tested using a set of GPS/levelling geoid undulations. The absolute accuracy is 0.132 m and some improvement compared to the PNU95 geoid model was found.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 1999

Density and temeprature fronts are common features of the ocean. However, frontal dynamics are not quasi-geostrophic because the isopycnal deflections associated with fronts are large compared with the scale height of the hydrostatic geopotential. The frontal geostrophic model, developed by Cushman-Roisin et al.(1992) is generally used fro describing the dynamics of surface-density ocean fronts, whereas the two-layer frontal geostrophic model is used for fronts on a sloping continental shelf. This paper investigates the baroclinic nonlinear stability of surface-density ocean fronts and fronts on a sloping continental shelf using the two-layer frontal geostrophic model mentioned above. Nonlinear stability criteria for the two kinds of fronts are obtained using Arnol'd's (1965; 1969) variational principle and a prior estimate method. This is the first time a nonlinear stability criterion for surface ocean fronts has been established, furthermore, the results obtained for fronts on a sloping bottom are superior to any previous ones.

• 대기
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.207-221
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• 2022

In Jeju, on January 23, 2016, a cold surge accompanied by heavy snowfall with the most significant amount of 12 cm was the highest record in 32 years. During this period, the temperature of 850 hPa in January was the lowest in 2016. Notably, in 2016, the average surface temperature of January on the Polar cap was the highest since 1991, and 500 hPa geopotential height also showed the highest value. With this condition, the polar vortex in the northern hemisphere meandered and expanded into the subtropics regionally, covering the Korean Peninsula with very high potential vorticity up to 7 Potential Vorticity Unit. As a result, the strong cold advection, mostly driven by a northerly wind, around the Korean Peninsula occurred at over 2𝜎. Previous studies have not addressed this extreme synoptic condition linked to polar vortex expansion due to the unprecedented Arctic warming. We suggest that the occurrence of a strong Ural blocking event after the abrupt warming of the Barents/Karas seas is a major cause of unusually strong cold advection. With a specified mesoscale model simulation with SST (Sea Surface Temperature), we also show that the warmer SST condition near the Korean Peninsula contributed to the heavy snowfall event on Jeju Island.

• 대기
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.403-414
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• 2018

Predictability of Northern Hemisphere blocking in the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GDAPS) is evaluated for the period of July 2016 to May 2017. Using the operational model output, blocking is defined by a meridional gradient reversal of 500-hPa geopotential height as Tibaldi-Molteni Index. Its predictability is quantified by computing the critical success index and bias score against ERA-Interim data. It turns out that Northwest Pacific blockings, among others, are reasonably well predicted with a forecast lead time of 2~3 days. The highest prediction skill is found in spring with 3.5 lead days, whereas the lowest prediction skill is observed in autumn with 2.25 lead days. Although further analyses are needed with longer dataset, this result suggests that Northern Hemisphere blocking is not well predicted in the operational weather prediction model beyond a short-term weather prediction limit. In the spring, summer, and autumn periods, there was a tendency to overestimate the Western North Pacific blocking.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2004년도 대한지구물리학회.한국지구물리탐사학회 공동학술대회 초록집
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• pp.3-17
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• 2004

Space-borne Earth observation technique is one of the most cost effective and rapidly advancing Earth science research tools today and the potential field and micro-wave radar applications have been leading the discipline. The traditional optical imaging systems including the well known Landsat, NOAA - AVHRR, SPOT, and IKONOS have steadily improved spatial imaging resolution but increasing cloud covers have the major deterrent. The new Earth observation satellites ENVISAT (launched on March 1 2002, specifically for Earth environment observation), ALOS (planned for launching in 2004 - 2005 period and ALOS stands for Advanced Land Observation Satellite), and RADARSAT-II (planned for launching in 2005) all have synthetic aperture radar (SAR) onboard, which all have partial or fully polarimetric imaging capabilities. These new types of polarimetric imaging radars with repeat orbit interferometric capabilities are opening up completely new possibilities in Earth system science research, in addition to the radar altimeter and scatterometer. The main advantage of a SAR system is the all weather imaging capability without Sun light and the newly developed interferometric capabilities, utilizing the phase information in SAR data further extends the observation capabilities of directional surface covers and neotectonic surface displacements. In addition, if one can utilize the newly available multiple frequency polarimetric information, the new generation of space-borne SAR systems is the future research tool for Earth observation and global environmental change monitoring. The potential field strength decreases as a function of the inverse square of the distance between the source and the observation point and geophysicists have traditionally been reluctant to make the potential field observation from any space-borne platforms. However, there have recently been a number of potential field missions such as ASTRID-2, Orsted, CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE. Of course these satellite sensors are most effective for low spatial resolution applications. For similar objects, AMPERE and NPOESS are being planned by the United States and France. The Earth science disciplines which utilize space-borne platforms most are the astronomy and atmospheric science. However in this talk we will focus our discussion on the solid Earth and physical oceanographic applications. The geodynamic applications actively being investigated from various space-borne platforms geological mapping, earthquake and volcano .elated tectonic deformation, generation of p.ecise digital elevation model (DEM), development of multi-temporal differential cross-track SAR interferometry, sea surface wind measurement, tidal flat geomorphology, sea surface wave dynamics, internal waves and high latitude cryogenics including sea ice problems.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2014

2013년 여름철 집중관측기간(장마기간: 2013년 6월 20일-7월 7일, 집중호우기간: 2013년 7월 8일-30일) 동안 이동식 기상관측시스템의 레윈존데 관측 자료를 전 지구 통합예측시스템 3차원 자료동화에 이용하여 그 효과를 살펴보았다. 효과 분석을 위한 2가지 모의실험 중 규준실험은 기존 기상청 관측 자료만 사용한 것이고 관측시스템실험은 기상청 관측 자료에 이동식 기상관측시스템의 레윈존데 자료를 추가한 것이다. 장마기간 동안 두 실험의 500 hPa 지위고도, 850 hPa 기온, 300 hPa 풍속의 관측 및 분석검증 비교 결과 큰 차이를 보이지 않았는데, 이는 고정관측소의 레윈존데 자료(0000 UTC 및 1200 UTC)만을 기준으로 검증이 이루어졌기 때문이다. 하지만, 종관기상관측시스템의 시간별 누적 강수량 자료를 이용한 강수검증에 있어서 관측시스템실험의 평균 공정임계지수가 규준실험에 비해 2% 수준으로 개선된 결과를 보였다. 특히 강수검증에서 긍정적인 효과가 나타난 사례만 비교한 경우, 관측시스템실험의 평균 공정임계지수가 규준실험에 비해 41%까지 개선된 결과를 보여 이동식 기상관측시스템 레윈존데 관측 자료가 수치모델의 예측정확도 향상에 유용함을 알 수 있었다.

• 지구물리
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2000

제주도 내의 13개의 수준점에서 GPS를 측정하였으며, 이에 의한 GPS/Levelling 지오이드와 PNU95 지오이드를 비교, 분석하여 보았다. GPS의 측정결과 각. 수준점의 타원체 높이를 ${\pm}3\;cm$ 이내의 정밀도로 측정하였다. 계산된 GPS/Levelling 지오이드는 제주도의 지형 변화를 잘 나타내고 있으며, 제주도에서 지오이드와 지형의 상관식은 다음과 같다. $$N\;=\;0.001082\;{\times}\;h\;+\;25.458\;{\pm}\;0.227\;s.d.$$ 계산된 GPS/Levelling 지오이드와 PNU95 지오이드는 잘 일치하고 있으며 두 지오이드의 RMS 차이는 0.14 m이다.

• 대기
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.493-503
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• 2023

This study investigates the downward influences of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in February 2018 using a subseasonal-to-seasonal forecast model, Global Seasonal forecasting system version 6 (GloSea6). To quantify the influences of SSW on the tropospheric prediction skills, free-evolving (FREE) forecasts are compared to stratospheric nudging (NUDGED) forecasts where zonal-mean flows in the stratosphere are relaxed to the observation. When the models are initialized on 8 February 2018, both FREE and NUDGED forecasts successfully predicted the SSW and its downward influences. However, FREE forecasts initialized on 25 January 2018 failed to predict the SSW and downward propagation of negative Northern Annular Mode (NAM). NUDGED forecasts with SSW nudging qualitatively well predicted the downward propagation of negative NAM. In quantity, NUDGED forecasts exhibit a higher mean squared skill score of 500 hPa geopotential height than FREE forecasts in late February and early March. The surface air temperature and precipitation are also better predicted. Cold and dry anomalies over the Eurasia are particularly well predicted in NUDGED compared to FREE forecasts. These results suggest that a successful prediction of SSW could improve the surface prediction skills on subseasonal-to-seasonal time scale.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.475-489
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• 2010

In order to verify the enhancement of ozone and carbon monoxide (CO) during springtime in East Asia, we investigated weather conditions and data from remote sensors, air quality models, and air quality monitors. These include the geopotential height archived from the final (FNL) meteorological field, the potential vorticity and the wind velocity simulated by the Meteorological Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5), the back trajectory estimated by the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, the total column amount of ozone and the aerosol index retrieved from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), the total column density of CO retrieved from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT), and the concentration of ozone and CO simulated by the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART). In particular, the total column density of CO, which mightoriginate from the combustion of fossil fuels and the burning of biomass in China, increased in East Asia during spring 2000. In addition, the enhancement of total column amounts of ozone and CO appeared to be associated with both the upper cut-off low near 500 hPa and the frontogenesis of a surface cyclone during a weak Asian dust event. At the same time, high concentrations of ozone and CO on the Earth's surface were shown at the Seoul air quality monitoring site, located at the surface frontogenesis in Korea. It was clear that the ozone was invaded by the downward stretched vortex anomalies, which included the ozone-rich airflow, during movement and development of the cut-off low, and then there was the catalytic photochemical reaction of ozone precursors on the Earth's surface during the day. In addition, air pollutants such as CO and aerosol were tracked along both the cyclone vortex and the strong westerly as shown at the back trajectory in Seoul and Busan, respectively. Consequently, the maxima of ozone and CO between the two areas showed up differently because of the time lag between those gases, including their catalytic photochemical reactions together with the invasion from the upper troposphere, as well as the path of their transport from China during the weak Asian dust event.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.699-710
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• 2009

한 국가에서 지오이드모델은 그 나라의 일관된 표고기준면을 제공함으로써 정확한 정표고를 결정할 수 있게 하며, 국가기준점의 평면위치 결정시 지오이드고를 고려한 측지망 조정계산을 실시함으로써 좌표결정의 정확도를 높일 수 있다. 본 연구는 말레이시아나 인도네시아와 비슷한 조건의 동남아시아 국가인 필리핀이 자국의 지오이드모델을 어떻게 개발하는 것이 최선인지 그 방법론을 연구한 연구이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전반적인 지오이드 결정이론을 살펴보고, 아시아 국가들에서의 지오이드 개발사례를 통하여 필리핀 일원에 가장 적합한 지오이드 모델 개발방안을 제시하고자 하였으며, 필리핀 일원에서 최신의 지구중력장 모델인 EGM2008을 해석하여 지오이드고와 중력이상을 계산하였다. 연구결과 항공중력방법에 기반한 중력 지오이드모델을 개발하고, 200점 내외의 GPS/leveling데이터에 의한 기하학적 지오이드고를 합성하여 하이브리드 지오이드 모델을 개발하는 것이 가장 합리적인 방법으로 연구되었다. 또한 스토크스적분의 수행은 4밴드 구면 FFT방법이, 중력지오이드모델 개발에는 EGM2008과 SRTM에 의한 remove and restore 기법이, 하이브리드 지오이드모델의 개발에는 Least square collocation 알고리즘이 제안되었다.