• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.516-521
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• 2006

The following conclusions are drawn from Hyungsang medicinal review on th globs hystericus through Donguibogam and other literatures. The globs hystericus appears in the throat and the epigastric region. It is a subjective sensation as if a plum pit is stick in the throat and is compressed, usually ac companied by stuffiness in chest, depression, nausea, and hiccup. But the throat is not marked with redness and swelling. Because Gi stagnation due to seven emotions is the main cause, the globs hystericus is usually followed by Seven Gi injuries, Pain and depressive syndrome due to disorder of Gi, palpitation due to fright, continuous violent palpitation, Gi phlegm, precordial pain with palpitation, epigastric pain due to seven emotions, cough and dyspnea due to disorder of Gi, and six kinds of stagnations. When head and body or chest and abdomen is compared to heaven and earth, the blockage of Gi between heaven and earth is common to the persons with the following charcteristics in Hyungsang; Dam type rather than Bankwang type, Gi type and Shin type rather than deer type and fish type, Taeum and Yangmyeong meridian types out of six meridian types, manly women, womanly man, too long or short neck, and signs of stagnation between the eyebrows. The globus hystericus needs, distinguishing from aphonia, acute tonsilitis, goiter, and pectorial pain with stuffiness. The affected area of aphonia and acute tonsilitis is the throat but they are not cause by the disturbance of seven emotions. Goiter can be distinguished by the changes in the appearance of neck. Even though the symptoms are similar, globus hystericus is caused by the stagnation of Gi, but the pectorial pain with stuffiness, by the insufficiency of the Heart blood. The general prescriptions are Chilgitang, Sachiltang, Gamisachiltang, Gamiijintang, and Sinihwan.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.164-182
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was investigated the perceptions and expectations of science gifted elementary students in the laboratory-based science learning. For the purpose of this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 science gifted elementary students in J city. The question of the interview is constructed with perception and expectation of science gifted elementary students in divided with 4steps of understanding of lesson object, planning experiment, performing experiment and drawing conclusion in laboratory-based science learning and an attitude for science. The interview is progressed per individual and all the content of the interview is recorded. The result of this research is as follows. The science gifted elementary students have a wish for building an assumption and expectation and planning an experiment with discussion more than following the textbook and teacher present. In the step of the experiment, they wanted general more discussion of their own activities rather than teacher's instruction and they wanted teacher's instruction and they wanted teacher's mediation conflicts within small groups and comments for students' experiment results. The science gifted elementary students wish to open a science lab, which man who likes science can go and come freely and to study with friends who have a same interest to make a theme. And from top to bottom they want to test autonomous and ask to salute like a representative experiment of teacher. And they ask to have a chance to test individually and want to see a movie related to an experiment before doing an experiment. Like this, it presents that the scientifically gifted elementary students want to do an experiment what they can, want to have a class which can plan and can do an experiment by themselves through discussion with the unit more than following explanation of a teacher and a textbook without condition.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate a motivation system about science learning and interest in science among elementary, middle & high school students and analyze on the their relations. For this, the questionnaires on interest in science that developed by Kind et al., (2007) were selected and translated. After that, second-grade 80 students, fourth-grade 87 students, sixth-grade 107 students, eighth-grade 123 students and eleventh-grade 128 students were required to accomplish a questionnaire on behavioral inhibition system/behavioral activation system about science learning (SL-BIS/BAS), interest in science. Based on these materials, SL-BIS/BAS by student's variables and relations of between the system to interest in science have been analyzed. The result of this study shows the followings. First, the sensitivity about SL-BIS was no significant difference in School levels. But sensitivity about SL-BAS and interest in science in elementary and high school was higher than it in middle school. Second, there were low negative correlation with SL-BIS and interest in science, and relatively high positive correlation with SL-BAS and interest in science. Through the results of this study, relations of motivation to related variables, and the motivation by student's variables are identified. These results would be helpful for teachers to understand the difference about motivation by students' variables and to make a plan for the appropriate strategies for learners.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2014

In recent years, Korea encourages teachers to do STEAM education(Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts & Mathematics), which includes Arts to STEM education to train creative science technology talent. Related to this, we developed a subject substitute STEAM program for the 6th grade students in elementary school and applied it in a field. The STEAM program which substitutes contents in curriculum related to Energy unit was developed and it was taught to twenty four sixth grade students during regular classes. During the classes, all activities of students were observed and they were written in recording notes during the observation. After all STEAM program ended, how students recognize the subject substitute STEAM program compared to general class, understand learning contents and think about the program before and after the STEAM classes were analyzed through questionnaire and interviews. The results were as follows. First, some students had difficulty in reconciling different ideas in group, creative thinking and crafts but most students liked the STEAM classes because many activities are fun and it is easy to understand. Second, learners regarded practical use of knowledge, learning different subjects together and interests as the reasons they can understand learning contents easily during STEAM program. Third, learners recognized STEAM classes are good to understand knowledge, think creative ideas and improve social skills after the STEAM classes while they showed anticipation, worry and fear before taking the classes. It is found that a subjective substitute STEAM program is helpful to increase learners' interests in learning, understand learning contents, increase creativity and have a good personality through a qualitative research.

• 지질공학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2009

우리나라는 수자원 특성상 강우의 시간적, 공간적 불균형이 심하여 수자원 개발과 관리여건이 대단히 열악하다. 이에 따라 현시점에서 향후 물 부족에 대처할 신규 수자원의 안정적 확보방안의 하나인 지하댐의 건설 예정지를 파악하고 지표수와 지하수를 연계하여 효과적으로 개발 이용 가능한 지하댐 개발의 국내 적용을 검토 할 필요가 있다. 이번 연구는 지하댐 건설 예정지인 경남 하동군 횡천강 일대의 지질조사, 수리 수문학 분석 등을 통해 프로그램 입력 자료를 산정하였다. 또한 입력자료를 바탕으로 SWAT-MODFLOW를 통해 지표수 및 지하수의 연계 해석을 실시하였으며 지하댐 건설전과 후의 지하수위 변화를 예측하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.556-559
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• 2007

The Urban Environmental Quality (UEQ) indicates a complex and various parameters resulting from both human and natural factors in an urban area. Vegetation, climate, air quality, and the urban infrastructure may interact to produce effects in an urban area. There are relationships among air pollution, vegetation, and degrading environmental the urban heat island (UHI) effect. This study investigates the application of multi-spectral remote sensing data from the Landsat ETM and TM sensors for the mapping of air quality and UHI intensity in Seoul from 2000 to 2006 in fine resolution (30m) using the emissivity-fusion method. The Haze Optimized Transform (HOT) correction approach has been adopted for atmospheric correction on all bands except thermal band. The general UHI values (${\Delta}(T_{urban}-T_{rural})$) are 8.45 (2000), 9.14 (2001), 8.61 (2002), and $8.41^{\circ}C$ (2006), respectively. Although the UHI values are similar during these years, the spatial coverage of "hot" surface temperature (>$24^{\circ}C$) significantly increased from 2000 to 2006 due to the rapid urban development. Furthermore, high correlations between vegetation index and land surface temperature were achieved with a correlation coefficients of 0.85 (2000), 0.81 (2001), 0.84(2002), and 0.89 (2006), respectively. Air quality is shown to be an important factor in the spatial variation of UEQ. Based on the quantifiable fine resolution satellite image parameters, UEQ can promote the understanding of the complex and dynamic factors controlling urban environment.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2004

The Hun-Min-Jeong-Eum(訓民正音) has been created under the political purpose that is to unite politics and cultures through a philosophical harmony of the confucianism as well as the Buddhism under the periodical circumstance that includes the change of a dynasty and a revolution in culture. The creating work has been greatly affected by the theoretical divination, that is the confucian ideas of North-Song dynasty which has been highly elaborated in those days. The shape of the characters of the Hun-Min-Jeong-Eum(訓民正音) has been influenced by the ancient letters existing at the time (especially Ga-Rim-To 加臨多), it has been throughly readjusted and recreated based on the philosophy. The consonant uses the Three-Pillars(三才)(ㅇ, ㅁ, △) in the style of the five elements and each velar-lingual-labial-dental-guttural sounds (牙舌脣齒喉音) is applicable to five elements also a 'ㅇ' is equivalent to the heaven, a 'ㅁ' to the earth. a '△' to the man. The vowel uses the five elements of ㅗ(water). ㅏ(wood), ㅜ(fire), ㅓ(metal), ㆍ(five-soil), ─(ten-soil) in the style of the Three-Pillars(三才) of ㆍ, ㅡ, ㅣ and the first created letters(初出字), and the secondary created letters(再出字) each can be attached to the eight trigrams(八卦). The consonant has 17 letters and the vowel has 11 letters, therefore the total number of the letters is 28. and those are equivalent to the 28 constellation(二十八宿) of the astronomy. Contrary to the underlying principle that has been applied during the time of the creation of the letters, when the consonant and the vowel are used, the consonant refers to the heaven (天), and the vowel refers to the earth(地). a consonant take a part in making a point on the starting place of the pronounce, a vowel take a part in the keeping the energy to the end.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify STEAM education program fit for club activities in consideration of the present curriculum and investigate its effect on science club students' self-efficacy and attitude toward science by applying it to science club students. In consideration of such chapters as 'Solar System' and 'Exosphere and Space Development' in the 2009 Revised Curriculum, this study developed a STEAM education program related to the observation of the solar system and the measurement of a distance of the stars in consideration of the present curriculum. For this study we selected 14 science club students in H Middle School, located in G Province and applied a 7 weeks' program to them. To find out change in their self-efficacy and attitude toward science, this study conducted tests of self-efficacy and attitude toward science for a single group before and after introducing this program and analyzed the results. The results of this study could be summarized as below. Firstly, science club activities with this STEAM education program applied improved students' self-efficacy significantly. Secondly, there was a significant difference found in students' attitude toward science through science club activities with this STEAM education program applied as they showed higher scores in the attitude toward science in the posttest than the pretest. Lastly, despite a research limit that this science inquiry program was conducted for a short period of time, this program was found to have positive effect on the improvement of students' self-efficacy and attitude toward science.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.127-151
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• 2021

The core tenets of Daesoon Jinrihoe in Jeungsanism are encapsulated in the teachings of Eumyang-hapdeok (陰陽合德, Virtuous Concordance of Yin and Yang), Shinin-johwa (神人調化, Harmonious Union between Divine Beings and Human Beings), Haewon-sangsaeng (解寃相生, Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence) and Dotongjingyeong (道通眞境, Perfected Unification with Dao). Among them, the first three teachings eventually turn towards the prophetic thought of Dotong-jingyeong, which is the process of man becoming a divine figure. While these principles are considered crucial advice for overcoming an unstable life, there are many curious questions that help for better comprehension. What is the reality of Jin-gyeong (眞境) for their followers? How can one reach the ultimate stage under this belief system? Is this ideological concept different from similar perspectives of other major religions? How is this concept related to the idea of Jisang-cheonguk (地上天國, earthly paradise)? This paper analyses these issues of Jin-gyeong from the historical and social narratives of Haengnok (行錄, Acts), Gongsa (公事, Reordering Works), Gyoun (敎運, Progress of the Order), Gyobeop (敎法, Dharma), Gwonji (權智, Authority and Foreknowledge) and Yesi (豫示, Prophetic Elucidations) in The canonical scripture of Jeon-gyeong and also from the ontological approaches of East Asian faiths in order to identify alternative notions of Daesoon cosmology. The paper, based on the sayings of Kang Jeungsan, particularly his philosophy of the Later World, argues the insight that the Jin-gyeong world can be interpreted as created through the Cheonji-gongsa (天地公事, Reordering Works of Heaven and Earth) project in terms of Gaebyeok (開闢, Great Opening) and the earthly paradise as open only for those who achieve the condition of Sin-ingan (新人間, literally means 'new humans' but symbolizing 'being a human-god') by the personal cultivation of Dotong (道通, the unity with Dao).

• 지질공학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2008

암반사면은 다수의 불규칙한 패턴의 불연속면들이 내재되어 있는 불연속체로써 암반 내에 존재하는 절리는 암반의 수리적, 역학적 거동을 좌우하는 중요한 요소이다. 이러한 절리들의 수리적, 역학적인 특성은 각각 다르게 나타날 수 있으며, 이러한 특성은 사면 설계에 중요한 요소이다. 다수의 절리패턴을 가진 암반의 구조적 특성을 사면안정해석과 물리탐사 결과로부터 분석하여 지반의 구조적 문제점을 분석하였다. 본 연구지역은 5개 구간을 설정하여 총 5개 측선에 대해 전기비저항 쌍극자탐사를 실시하였으며, 20개 사면에 대해 SWEDCE 및 SLIDE 프로그램을 이용해 사면 안정성 해석을 함께 수행하였다.