• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.296-302
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• 2018

본 연구는 우리나라 아동의 놀이 여가 실태를 파악하고자 서울 4개 지역과 경기 농촌 1개 지역의 초, 중, 고등학교 학급의 아동 총 564명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 아동의 놀이 여가 대상, 놀이 여가 시간, 놀이 여가 장소, 놀이 여가 비용 등의 일반적 경향을 파악하고, 놀이 여가의 연령별, 지역별, 성별 차이를 분석하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 중심으로 놀이 여가 활성화를 위한 방안을 논의하였다. 이상과 같은 연구결과를 요약, 논의하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 놀이 여가의 대상은 가족보다는 친구의 비중이 높았고 연령이 증가할수록 부모 중 아버지의 비중이 감소하였다. 둘째, 아동의 놀이 여가시간은 미디어를 하면서 보내는 시간이 가장 많았다. 셋째, 아동이 이용하는 놀이 여가 장소도 매우 다양하고 과거와 달리 카페나 노래방 등 성인용 혹은 상업적인 장소가 상당수 있었으므로 놀이 여가의 비형식적이고 비상업적인 본질에 대한 재고가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 놀이 여가에 비용이 들어가고 있으며 흥미롭게도 놀이 여가 비용이 아동의 연령이나 성에 다라서는 차이가 없는 반면 지역별로 차이가 있었다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2021

Background and objective: The physical environment where children spend most of their time is closely associated with their emotional development. To improve the emotional health of children, the introduction of natural elements in the indoor space has been suggested, the benefits of which have been shown in preliminary studies. This study aims to examine the effects that a biowall - a wall installation - in a classroom has on the emotional health of children in kindergarten. Methods: A total of four biowalls were separately installed in four kindergarten classrooms at a school in Seoul, South Korea, and the 60 children in these classrooms participated in the study. We assessed the children's emotional intelligence (via an Emotional Intelligence Rating Scale), resilience (via the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment), and eco-friendly attitudes (via the Children's Attitudes Toward Scale) before the installation of the biowalls and then again 3 months later. Results: The children's emotional intelligence, resilience, and eco-friendly attitudes had been significantly improved after the installation of the biowalls (p = .01). The sub-categories of the children's emotional intelligence and resilience were also significantly improved (p < .001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of biowalls-as an indoor environmental factor-in promoting the healthy emotional development of children. By bringing natural elements into indoor classroom settings, biowalls appear to increase children's direct/indirect contact with nature. To extrapolate the results of the study to the general population, future studies should be conducted with broader age groups.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.138-141
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• 1977

The total population of Korea in 1975 was 35,281,000 and population density was $357/km^2$, which is one of the highest rate of the countries in the world. In the early part of 1960's, prior to the initiation of national family planning program in 1962, the natural population increase rate in Korea was almost 3.0%. However, due to the positive support and activity of the national family planning program, the population growth rate has been dropped right below 2.0% in 1970, and decreased to 1.7% in 1975. The average number of children per woman was 5.8 in 1961 and has decreased steadily to 3.5 in 1975. However, traditional value like the 'boy-preference' concept may bring many difficulties of lowering the fertility rate, decreasing number of children less than three in the future. Rising marriage age which had much contributed to decrease the population growth showed preferably falling trends since 1970. There is a prospect that total number of birth will be continuously increased while the fertility rate may be fallen since the age group born during 'baby-boom' soon after the Korean war are becoming the reproductive age group at present time. Considering the above mentioned factors, family planning program should be much improved and strengthened and the government support is much required in order to meet the above mentioned objectives which maintain appropriate level of the population growth.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.203-209
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• 1974

This study is intended to comparison of the recent ideal number of children and atrial approach for analyzing value system for children that form attitude affecting birth control with earlier study conducted 10 years ago. In general the traditional fertility pattern of Korea may be considered as 'early marriage and high fertility' backed by the confucian value system of a farming-oriented country. A selective attitude favoring sons contributes substantially to fertility. But Korea is now moving toward a late marriage and fertility pattern. This has been due to the repid introduction of western culture and a partial acceptance of western value systems, a relative weakening of traditional value systems, a gradual increase in infant and child servival rates thresh medicines, and a desire to avoid having too many children because of economic poverty. This study showed following results: Ideal number of sons and daughters in urban area was decreased by 0.2 respectively compared to earlier study. In rural area, the number of decrease of sons and daughters was 0.5 and 0.2 respectively. The conception concerning Happiness has changed to wealth from health in previous opinion. Regarding attitude toward having sons, 98 percent of them wanted to have sons positively, moreover 10 percent of them wanted two or more sons. Regarding reasons for the wanting sons, we see that economic and traditional considerations, such as dependance in old age, and inheritance of the family line, are a principle concern of about 56 percent in both areas. The rate of dependence in old age was decreased conspicuously compare to previous study while the rate of helding rituals was increased remarkably in rural area. Among reasons for limiting family size. 'for better living and for better education for their children were main rasons reted 46 percent in urban, 51 percent in rural areas. The rates were not changed compare to previous study. Regarding attitude of those who have no son or children, the rate of re-marriage with second wife was decreased remarkably in rural area and the rate of living without special behaivor for having son was increased compare to previous study.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2014

목적: 본 연구는 2개 대학 병원에서 폐결핵으로 진단 받고 치료 받았던 학동기 소아와 청소년들을 대상으로 임상 양상과 접촉 병력을 파악하고 접촉자 검진 실태에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2008년부터 2012년까지 부산대학교어린이병원과 부산대학병원에서 활동 폐결핵으로 진단 받고 치료 받은 10-18세, 54명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 환자들의 의무기록을 통하여 진단 당시 임상 양상, 추정 감염 경로, 감염원과의 관계와 미생물학적 검사, 영상학적 검사, 접촉자 검진의 여부, 잠복결핵감염 치료 여부, 노출 후 결핵 발병까지의 기간 등을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 연령 중앙값은 16세였으며, 10-14세가 11명(20.4%), 15-18세가 43명(79.6%)이었다. 54명 중 35명(64.8%)은 전염성 결핵 환자와 접촉력이 없었고, 19명(35.2%)에서 접촉력이 있었다. 19명 중 가족 접촉자 군은 10명(52.6%)였고, 비가족 접촉자 군은 9명(47.4%)으로 학교 급우였다. 결핵 노출 후 접촉자 검진을 받은 환자는 가족 접촉자 군에서 10명 중 1명 이었고, 비가족 접촉자 군에서 9명 중 6명 이었다. 접촉자 검진을 받은 7명 중 3명이 활동 폐결핵, 1명이 잠복결핵감염, 3명은 결핵 감염의 소견은 없었다. 활동 결핵 환자와 노출 후 폐결핵으로 진단되기까지의 기간은 가족 접촉자 군에서 중간값이 2년, 비가족 접촉자 군에서 중간값 0.23년이었다. 결론: 학교 내 접촉자 검진과 같이 접촉자 검진이 적절하게 시행된다면 청소년 결핵을 조기에 발견하고 치료할 수 있게 되며, 이는 결핵의 확산 방지에 도움이 될 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권9호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2014

Purpose: Although high morning blood pressure (BP) is known to be associated with the onset of cardiovascular events in adults, data on its effects in children with hypertension are limited. Our retrospective study aimed to define the clinical characteristics of children with morning hypertension (MH) and to determine its associated factors. Methods: We reviewed 31 consecutive patients with hypertension, confirmed by the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). We divided these patients into 2 groups: the MH group (n=21, 67.7%), morning BP above the 95th percentile for age and height (2 hours on average after waking up) and the normal morning BP group (n=10, 32.3%). We compared the clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and echocardiographic findings including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) between the groups. Results: The early/atrial (E/A) mitral flow velocity ratio in the MH group was significantly lower than that in the normal morning BP group. In addition, LV mass was higher in the MH group than in the normal morning BP group, although the difference was not statistically significant. The age at the time of hypertension diagnosis was significantly higher in the MH group than in the normal morning BP group (P =0.003). The incidence of hyperuricemia was significantly higher in the MH group than in the normal morning BP group. Conclusion: Older patients and those with hyperuricemia are at higher risk for MH. The rise in BP in the morning is an important factor influencing the development of abnormal relaxation, as assessed by echocardiography. Clinical trials with longer follow-up periods and larger sample sizes are needed to clarify the clinical significance of MH.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.510-516
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• 2022

Background Surgical correction of bilateral cleft lip deformities remains one of the most challenging areas in facial plastic surgery. Many surgical techniques and conservative devices have been offered for the early management of bilateral cleft lip in infants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lip adhesion on the lip and nose of patients with bilateral cleft lip. Methods A retrospective review of 13 patients with bilateral cleft lip was performed and compared with age-matched noncleft children. Patients underwent lip adhesion at a mean age of 2.8 months, and cheiloplasty at 6.6 months of age using a modification the Mulliken method. Secondary rhinoplasty was performed at the age of 6 in 13 patients. The surgical results were analyzed using photographic records obtained at the age of 1 and 7 years. Twelve length measurements and one angle measurement were obtained. Results All measurements were not statistically different from those of the noncleft age-matched control group at the age of 1. At 7 years of age, upper lip height and vermilion mucosal height were shorter (p < 0.05) than in the control group. Nasal tip protrusion and the nasolabial angle were greater (p < 0.05) than in the control group. Conclusion Lip adhesion followed by secondary rhinoplasty resulted in an acceptable lip and nasal appearance. Although nasoalveolar molding is now widely used, lip adhesion can be an appropriate alternative if an orthodontist is not available due to geographical or economic constraints.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2004

Because traumatic tissue damage on hands and feet often lead to loss of function, permanent deformity, prompt and adequate reconstruction is essential. For children, future growth, as well as function and esthetics, must be taken into account. Several techniques have been employed to reconstruct hand and foot dorsum defects of children. However, skin graft and muscle free flap with skin graft cannot prevent contracture and will interfere with normal growth. Fasciocutaneous free flap reduces contracture and enables early physical therapy, decreasing the need for additional surgical intervention. Parascapular flap is particularly suitable because it has reliable pedicle and is relatively thin. There is little functional loss in the donor site, and also simultaneous extensor tendon reconstruction of hand and foot is possible. The disadvantage of this technique is that postoperative defatting is needed to adjust volume. Our department has achieved satisfactory results using this approach, and would like to report 13 cases of hand and foot reconstruction using parascapular flap in patients under the age of 15 (from March, 1998 to May, 2003).

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.144-154
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• 2007

Liver tumors in children are rare, relatively complex, and encompass a broad spectrum of disease processes. This study reviews our experience of liver tumors during the last 10 years. Medical records of 36 cases of liver tumors in children, treated at Samsung Medical Centers, from October 1994 to December 2005, were reviewed in this study. We analyzed disease characters and survival rates as a whole and by specific disease. The median age was 3.6 years. Male and female ratio was 1:1. The most common symptom was the palpable mass in 15 cases. Others were abdominal distension in 9 cases, jaundice in 2, vomiting in 2, weight loss in 2, and pubic hair growth in 1. CT or US and liver biopsy were performed for diagnosis. There were 28 malignant tumors: malignant rhabdoid tumor (1 case), hepatocellular carcinoma (3 cases), hemangioendothelioma type II (3 cases), angiosarcoma (1 case), and hepatoblastoma (20 cases). Eight tumors were benign; hepatic adenoma (1 case), focal nodular hyperplasia (2 cases), hemangioendothelioma type I (2 cases), mesenchymal hamartoma (3 cases). In this study the clinical characteristics were not different from the other reports. Liver transplantation was performed in 3 cases-1 with hepatoblastoma and 2 with hepatocelleular carcinoma. Accurate and early diagnosis, and individualized multimodality therapeutic approaches might be important for better outcome.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권sup1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2016

Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III) is a rare genetic disorder caused by lysosomal storage of heparan sulfate. MPS IIIB results from a deficiency in the enzyme alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAGLU). Affected patients begin showing behavioral changes, progressive profound mental retardation, and severe disability from the age of 2 to 6 years. We report a patient with MPS IIIB with a long-term follow-up duration. He showed normal development until 3 years. Subsequently, he presented behavioral changes, sleep disturbance, and progressive motor dysfunction. He had been hospitalized owing to recurrent pneumonia and epilepsy with severe cognitive dysfunction. The patient had compound heterozygous c.1444C>T (p.R482W) and c.1675G>T (p.D559Y) variants of NAGLU. Considering that individuals with MPS IIIB have less prominent facial features and skeletal changes, evaluation of long-term clinical course is important for diagnosis. Although no effective therapies for MPS IIIB have been developed yet, early and accurate diagnosis can provide important information for family planning in families at risk of the disorder.