• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.40-52
• /
• 1996

This study sought to investigate the spousal role expectation of married childbearing women in the social milieu. The purpose of this study was to determine the spouse's role expectation which influences marital quality and marital satisfaction, thereby contributing to married women's psychological well-being and family health. Data collection was done in the prenatal care center of 212 early adult, married, middle class women living in the urban area by interview. Using content analysis, 701 answers were recoded by 12 categories of role expectation as family integration, health maintenance, father role taking, personal maturity, communication and respect, social confidence, division of domestic labor, relationship with extended family, recreation and hobby, social support for wife's self actualization, faith in sexual relationship, and security in economic status. The influence of the altered gender role in modern society, women's expectation is derived from somewhat masculinity and feminity in role expectation. The results are discussed in relation to prototype of gender role and relationships. These finding will assist nurse in the understanding and intervening the marital problem and women's health.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.411-424
• /
• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate bone formation in the calvaria of rabbit by the concept of guided bone regeneration with titanium mesh membrane. Two different titanium meshes with varying number (353, 565) of pore were utilized in the study. Two surgical sites(T353, T565) were evaluated about whether or not the number of pore may have effect on the bone formation. The animal was sacrificed at 10days, 3 weeks, 6weeks, and 8 weeks after the surgery. Non-decalcified specimens were processed for histologic analysis. 1. Titanium mesh was biocompatible and capable of maintaining the spacemaking. 2. At 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks after GBR procedure, bone formation was more in the T353 site than in the T565 site. 3. Soft tissue layer above the regenerated bone was better developed in the T565 site. 4. There was no difference between two membranes in bone maturity with time. Within the above results, titanium mesh with lesser pore in number might be recommended for the early bone formation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.149-163
• /
• 2015

The aim of the present study was to assess the variation in species composition and diversity of woody species at different altitudes (900 to 2600 m asl) in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS) and its adjoining areas in Garhwal Himalaya, India. A total of 94 woody plant species (including 44 tree and 50 shrub species) belonging to 72 genera and 44 families were reported. Density varied from $235{\pm}9$ to $505{\pm}21trees\;ha^{-1}$ and $4,730{\pm}474$ to $9,530{\pm}700shrubs\;ha^{-1}$. Total basal cover varied from $10.49{\pm}0.66$ to $42.92{\pm}2.57m^2ha^{-1}$ (trees) and $0.36{\pm}0.024$ to $0.62{\pm}0.047m^2ha^{-1}$ (shrubs). Shannon-Wiener Index fluctuated between 2.30 to 3.53 (trees) and 2.74 to 3.78 (shrubs). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that altitude and aspect had significant effect on the distribution of woody species. Taxonomically, Rosaceae with 15 species emerged as the dominant family. Low value of maturity index and contiguous distribution of species denoted the early successional status of the studied forests. The conservation assessment based on altitudinal regimes and the information on species structure and function can provide baseline information for monitoring and sustaining the biodiversity.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2017

PURPOSES : This paper focuses on strength development according to the mix design with cement type and mineral admixture from laboratory and field tests in cool weather. METHODS : Two methods evaluated the mix design of concrete pavement in cool weather. Firstly, laboratory tests including slump, air contents, setting time, strength, maturity, and freezing-thawing test were conducted. Three alternatives were selected based on the tests. Secondly, a field test was conducted and the optimum mix design in cool weather was suggested. RESULTS : It is an evident from the laboratory test that a mix with type III cement showed better performance than the one with type I cement. There was a delay in strength development of a mix with mineral admixture compared to mix design without any mineral admixture. In the field test, type III cement+flyash 20% mix design proved the best performance. CONCLUSIONS : For concrete pavement in cool weather, mix design using type III cement could overcome the strength delay due to mineral admixture. Moreover, it is possible to make sure of durability of pavement. Therefore, strength and durability problems due to cool weather would decrease.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.260-267
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This pilot study was to develop Korean version of CDI(The Child Development Inventory) and assess the validation and reliability on K-CDI. Method: The K-CDI is assessed by parent-report method that has designed to screen children developmental functioning on 12 months to 6.5 years of age /or older children who are judged to be functioning in the one to six-year range. The inventory assesses areas of child development in the social, self-help, motor, language, letter and number skills. also, it includes various symptoms and behavior problems that young children may have. Participants were 130 children and their mothers who has lived in Seoul or Gyounggi-Do. Data was analyzed on the ratio of item response, Pearson's correlation, and Cronbach alpha. Results: 270 items with 8 sub-developmental realms were confirmed the reliabilities and validity on Korean children. Total 300 items were selected for restandardization. There was a significant correlation between the score of Social Maturity Scale and K-CDI. The corrlation coefficient alpha was .98. Conclusion: This study indicated that CDI is applicable in the clinical and early childhood educational setting for developmental assessment in Korea.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a nocturnal emission and menstruation education program using CAI for Korean elementary school children. Methods: The research design was methodological study a ISD model 4 fields into sub contents in each field of the nocturnal emission and menstruation by CD titles. And to verify the effect of the education program, performance evaluation of the educational program for structured questionnaire was conducted on 120 late school-age children on June, 2010. Results: The results of this study were as follows; Through this, developed program was proved its effectiveness in enhancing knowledge level on nocturnal emission and menstruation in late school-age children(t=14.03, p<.001, t=11.52, p<.001). Conclusion : Accordingly, this program is expected to be an educational program to be used in various educational institutes, communities, and home as well as self-study that allows children themselves to study repeatedly, choosing the contents they want, whenever they hope as an educational program on nocturnal emission and menstruation in school-age children. In addition, it is suggested that various fields of programs should develop in consideration of early sexual maturity.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 1997

The meddle years start when persons achieve maturity and end when they realize they are old, and we commonly call ages between thirty-live and sixty five the middle years. Thinking of life as a play, the middle years lead up to and away from the climax of the plot. In the early part of middle age, the man is the main support of his family, and is out to establish himself in his career. He is in a race toward success, and may acquire a sponsor who picks him out as a protege. In the middle part of middle age, the man is ready to come into his own and may break with his sponsor. Most persons are now at the height of their potential, know their areas of competence, and have the satisfaction of feeling in control in them. They need no longer prove themselves from day to day, for they are credited with past accomplishments. Some are caught in "promotion or success depression", and some continue to change jobs creating difficulties is readjustment. The more satisfactory changes usually occur within a career rather than through shifiting careers. In e later part of the middle age the man worries about his physical health, and experiences depression in facing the retirement. Woman frequently change the course of their lives some time between the ages of thirty-five and forty, and may resume their education or careers. Tee quarters of women are passing through "involutional melancholia".

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.217-222
• /
• 1996

For the ecological study on the gobioid (Favonigobius gymnauchen), samples were collected in the Korean coasts from 1983 to 1995, and the process of ovarian maturation, spawning season, settling period of young individuals and growth were investigated with the specimens collected from Kunsan coast. The ovarian egg development of this species underwent three stages; growth stage from March to April, maturity stage from May to June and spawning stage in July. All the adults died after spawning in late July. Young individuals of total length 10 mm began to live a bottom life in the tide pool of shallow waters in early and middle August. The total length of these individuals reached about 42.1 mm (mean 36.7 mm) in late November. The largest specimen examined in this study was 85.0mm of male. After that time, individuals of this species inhabited in subtidal zone from December to May of the next year. The Favonigobius gymnauchen is distributed at 17 areas of shallow waters and estuaries in the western and southern coasts of Korea.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 2007

Lipoblastoma is a rare benign soft tissue tumor occurring in infancy and early childhood. It is characterized by fat lobules with varying degrees of maturity, multivaculoated lipoblasts, fibrocapillary networks and myxoid stroma. Lipoblastoma has a good prognosis with no metastases despite its potential for local invasion. From Jan, 1990 through April, 2007, 12 children underwent the operation for lipoblastoma, 7 boys and 5 girls, diagnosed at median 22 months (5 ~ 43 months). Median follow up was 6 year 7 months. Primary sites included back (n = 5), intraabdominal (n = 2) and one in each of buttock, chest wall, neck, nose and scalp. Tumors presented with a growing mass in 9 patients, abdominal distension in 2, and an incidental finding on chest radiography in one. Complete excisions were done in all patients. There was one recurrence in a patient with a scalp mass. After reoperation, he has been doing well without evidence of recurrence. Lipoblastoma has a favorable prognosis, but recurrence can occur even with complete excision. Regular follow up is necessary to detect recurrences.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.146-150
• /
• 1995

The yield performance and nutrient quality of barley for pellets making from whole crop material were discussed during 1993-1994. Barley (cv. Olbori) was grown on paddy land after rice cutivation and was harvested at early stage of physiological maturity. A column type of whole crop pellets was produced by 1.5cm diameter and 2.5cm height. Barley war evaluated as a suitable materials for whole crop pellet making. Barley produced higher yield and better qualitative roughage in the utilization of pellet making than in the silage making. Dry matter yields were obtained 12.02 MTha in pellet making and 11.70 MT/ha in silage making. Net energy value of barley pellet were 6.54 MJ in net energy lactation and 635 SV in starch equivalent net energy. Feeding of barley pellet improved milk production of daily cattle Daily milk yields per head were 25.1 liter in silage feeding and 25.9 liter in pellet feeding. Production cost of pellets and silages made from whole crop barley were 169.07 won/kg and 124.15 won/kg dry matter, respectively.