• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2024

Purpose: The present study investigated experiences of traumatic perinatal events, the provision of related education, and educational needs of nurses working in the labor and delivery room (LDR). Methods: Nurses working in the LDRs of six institutions and two nurse portal sites were invited to participate in the survey, delivered on paper or online. The data were collected from October 1 to November 25, 2022. Data from 129 nurses were analyzed using frequency, the chi-square test, the Fisher exact test, the t-test, and analysis of variance. Results: Virtually all participants (98.6%) reported having experienced at least one traumatic perinatal event (dystocia, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal congenital anomalies, severe maternal or neonatal injury, stillbirth, and maternal or neonatal death) while working in the LDR. The most shocking traumatic perinatal event experienced was the maternal or neonatal death (40.3%), but 24.8% of participants did not recall ever receiving education on the topic. About 63% of participants experienced traumatic perinatal events within a year of working in the LDR. The average score for education needs regarding traumatic perinatal events was 3.67±0.37 out of 4, and participants preferred simulation education as the most effective educational method. Conclusion: Since most of the participants had experienced various traumatic perinatal events in the early stages of working in the LDR and expressed a high level of need for education on traumatic perinatal events, it is necessary to provide more effective stimulation education programs in the early period of work in the LDR.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.627-638
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• 2018

This article describes an integrated Level 1-Level 2 probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methodology to evaluate the radiological risk during postulated accident scenarios initiated during the decommissioning phase of a typical Mark I containment boiling water reactor. The fuel damage scenarios include those initiated while the reactor is permanently shut down, defueled, and the spent fuel is located into the spent fuel storage pool. This article focuses on the integrated Level 1-Level 2 PRA aspects of the analysis, from the beginning of the accident to the radiological release into the environment. The integrated Level 1-Level 2 decommissioning PRA uses event trees and fault trees that assess the accident progression until and after fuel damage. Detailed deterministic severe accident analyses are performed to support the fault tree/event tree development and to provide source term information for the various pieces of the Level 1-Level 2 model. Source terms information is collected from accidents occurring in both the reactor pressure vessel and the spent fuel pool, including simultaneous accidents. The Level 1-Level 2 PRA model evaluates the temporal and physical changes in plant conditions including consideration of major uncertainties. The goal of this article is to provide a methodology framework to perform a decommissioning Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA), and an application to a real case study is provided to show the use of the methodology. Results will be derived from the integrated Level 1-Level 2 decommissioning PSA event tree in terms of fuel damage frequency, large release frequency, and large early release frequency, including uncertainties.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1999

This paper describes the relationship between the bending strength properties of sloped finger-jointed woods and the acoustic emissions (AEs) generated during the test. Pinus densiflora pieces were cut in sloped-finger types and glued with four kinds of adhesives (polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl-aeryl, oilic urethane and resorcinol-phenol resin). The results were as follows: The lower the bending strength(load) was, the earlier the generation time of AE event count got and the higher the increasing rate of AE event count became in the sloped finger-jointed specimens bonded with polyvinyl acetate and oilic urethane resin adhesives. Therefore, the slope from load-AE cumulative event count curve was very steep. The AE event count for resorcinol-phenol resin adhesive obtained even from low load level was abundant. The AE event count continuously increased as load increased and the event count was much more than one in the other conditions. The slope from load-AE cumulative event count curve was very gentle compared with other conditions. The patterns of AE event count and count were very similar. The relationship between the MOR and the AE parameter from load and AE cumulative event count in the early stage of the sloped finger-jointed specimens bonded with polyvinyl acetate, oilic urethane and resorcinol-phenol resin adhesives was much greater than that between the MOE and the MOR. Therefore, the AE signals obtained during bending test are useful for estimating the strength of sloped finger-jointed specimens.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 2006

The adverse events which do not appear in the approval process tend to occur more frequently at the early stage of the use. Therefore new drugs, drugs with different active substances or routes of administration, or drugs with explicitly different efficacy added are particularly chosen for re-examination, and go through a study, which is conducted on 600 to 3,000 subjects over 4 to 6 years. Since the re-examination system was implemented in January 1995, 880 drug products have been designated as the subject of re-examination and among them 194 drugs have been completed their re-examination as of until March 2005. Post Marketing Surveillance to insure drug safety should be correlated with re-examination of new drug, re-evaluation of drug, and adverse event monitoring system. And the first labeling change should reflect all information collected for a defined period of time after the marketing authorization is granted. Furthermore centralized management through spontaneous reporting system of adverse event for whole period of time would be the most desirable type of system.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the performance times, CM position and CM speed, pole chord length and pole chord angle, whole body angular momentum(X axis), and grip width in pole vault event according to the event and phase; touch down, pole plant, take-off, maximum pole bending pole straight, pole release, peak height, and foot contact, pole contact, free flight. The pole vaulting of four male elite vaulters including six trial were filmed using two video digital cameras at 60 Hz at 56th national athletic match, and data were collected through the DLT method of three dimensional cinematography. In general the better jumper is, the longer the performance time is. And the greater CM speed is, and the better his transformation ability of CM horizontal speed into vertical speed is. As he uses a longer pole, his grip is higher, and it is a enough for him to rock back his body, so that he pulls and pushes the pole well keeping his hips close to. An greater maximum angular momentum and early positioning of the hips parallel to the bar makes his body far side of the bar and his bar clearance easier. Specially our national jumper needs to have more powerful braking force during foot contact phase, and take his body on the pole after maximum pole bending, and pull and push the pole strongly keeping his hips close to. Also he needs to have stronger muscular strength in order to control the longer pole and use the pole of proper tension more efficiently.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.32-45
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• 2020

This narrative review introduces global trends in pharmacovigilance (PV) education for healthcare professionals and the status of PV education in Korea. Proactive participation of healthcare professionals, including physicians, pharmacists, and nurses in reporting suspected adverse events is the main driving force for effective operation of the spontaneous adverse event reporting system database, which in turn facilitates early safety signal detection of otherwise unknown suspected adverse events. The World Health Organization recognizes PV education curriculum as a key aspect in promoting awareness of PV and adverse event reporting among healthcare professionals, and multiple studies have demonstrated that PV educational interventions for healthcare professionals have increased overall adverse event reporting. Considering the global trends in PV education, the curriculum in Korean universities still has room for improvement in promoting PV obligation among future healthcare professionals. Further research is needed to develop PV education curriculum. We suggest a three-step project for innovating PV education in Korea to meet the global PV educational standards: a survey to gauge current PV competencies among healthcare professionals, reform of current PV academic curriculum, and evaluation and fine-tuning of the reformed curriculum.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.1234-1245
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• 2018

The risk of multi-unit nuclear power plants (NPPs) at a site has received considerable critical attention recently. However, current probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) procedures and computer code do not support multi-unit PSA because the traditional PSA structure is mostly used for the quantification of single-unit NPP risk. In this study, the main purpose is to develop a multi-unit Level 2 PSA method and apply it to full-power operating six-unit OPR1000. Multi-unit Level 2 PSA method consists of three steps: (1) development of single-unit Level 2 PSA; (2) extracting the mapping data from plant damage state to source term category; and (3) combining multi-unit Level 1 PSA results and mapping fractions. By applying developed multi-unit Level 2 PSA method into six-unit OPR1000, site containment failure probabilities in case of loss of ultimate heat sink, loss of off-site power, tsunami, and seismic event were quantified.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.209-212
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• 1994

Cheju Island was formed by volcanic activity probably related to the inferred geodynamics in the early Quaternary times. Paleostress analysis, in spite of a few fault slip data collected near Sanbangsan trachyte dome (dated 0.87 Ma) represents an extentional tectonic event with the direction ENE-WSW. Joint anayses in the vicinity of Seahwa reveal three extensional tectonic events of directions NW-SE, NE-SW and ENE-WSW. Especially the extensional event with the direction ENE-WSW affected the whole Cheju area during the most recent time.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.935-940
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• 1988

Perforated esophagus is a surgical emergency; it is the most serious and frequently the most rapidly lethal perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. Contamination of the mediastinum and often a pleural cavity with corrosive fluids, food material and bacteria leads to cardiorespiratory embarrassment, shock, major fluid losses and fulminating infection. Despite the improved diagnostic and treatment modalities, a perforation or leak from the esophagus remains a major source of morbidity and mortality. When esophageal perforation occurs, a successful outcome can be expected only when it is diagnosed soon after the event and repaired early. Esophageal perforations have a poor prognosis after delayed surgical treatment. With the use of the Thai onlay gastric patch method, a case of postemetic spontaneous perforation of the esophagus was successfully managed 6days after the event.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.574-578
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• 2006

Simulation has considerable potential as the tool of construction management, but in the case of domestic, it is at an early stage applying simulation to micro-process assesment. For applying simulation to the construction process, much effort is needed to collect input data and to build the model including the characteristics of the fields. This study introduces the methodology to build the simulation model, then verifies the model with the operation data.