• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.59-69
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• 1999

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between self-esteem and adjustment in early adolescence. The survey data was collected from 497 middle school students who were living at Pusan Korea. The participants completed the multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory, constructed by the present researchers, the depression scale, and the life-satisfaction scale. The major findings of this study were as follows. The depression of adolescents was affected by the self-esteem related to home, peer, physical-appearance, and personality subdimenions. The importance of and the level of self-esteem about physical-appearance have an interactive effect on adolescents' depression. The life satisfaction of adolescents was affected by the self-esteem related to home, peer, physical-appearance, and academic-general areas.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.101-126
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• 2006

In this comparison of the relative effects of children's separation from their parents, socio-emotional adjustment was assessed by emotional and behavioral problems and emotional intelligence. Subjects were 502 elementary school children separated from their parents(162 in Yanbian and 340 in Korea) and their caregivers. Data analysis was by frequency, t-test, and multiple regression controlled by gender and grade in school. Caregivers living with children and their parenting efficacy were significant variables for the development of socio-emotional adjustment in Korean-Chinese children in Yanbian, but reasons for parent-child separation, caregivers' psychological and behavioral characteristics, and SES were significant variables for children in Korea. Implications are that regional differences should be considered in understanding and supporting the development of children's socio-emotional adjustment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.43-54
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• 1999

This study was designed 1) to explore the adult attachment factors, 2) to investigated the individual attachment styles and combined attachment patterns for 362 wives and husbands,3) and to know the effects of the relation to marital adjustment. The inventories were KAAQ(Korean Adult Attachment Questionnare), KMAQ(Korean Marital Adjustment Questionnare), and the Socio-demographic questionnaires. The data analysis methods were frequencies, percentiles, Cronbach'${\alpha}$, Factor Analysis, and F-test. The resets were as follows; 1. 3 factors were found in adult attachment. 2. 3 styles of adult attachment(secure, anxious/ambicalent, avoidant) were found. Secure style was most frequent. Also for 9 combined attachment patters, secure pattern was found the most frequent one. 3. Marital adjustment was highest with secure attachment style, anxious/ambivalent was next , and avoidant was the lowest. About combined attachment patterns, a pair of secure style showed the highest marital adjustment, and a pair of avoidant was the lowest.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.57-70
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• 2008

The focus of this study was finding out the relations among resilience of children separated from parents, child rearing factors and socio-emotional adjustment in Korean and Yanbian Korean-Chinese regions. Subjects were elementary school $5{\sim}6$ graders separated from their parents(184 in Korea and 81 in Yanbian). Data analysis was by Pearson's r, F-test and t-test. Resilience of Korean-Chinese children was higher than that of Korean children. Caregivers' child rearing behavioral factor than other child rearing factors was significant for children's resilience, and especially for Korean children, caregivers' child rearing psychological factor -efficacy and stress variables- were meaningful. Socio-emotional adjustment was significantly different between resilience high and low groups in both regions. Implications are that regional differences, caregivers' psychological and behavioral child rearing factors should be considered in supporting the development of children's resilience and socio-emotional adjustment.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.175-183
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between marital conflict and school adjustment among adolescents. This study used data collected from 482 middle school students in Seoul. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between marital conflict and school adjustment. The results of this study revealed that there were sex differences in self-esteem of adolescents. For both male and female adolescents, marital conflict was found to have negative effects on self-esteem. School adjustment of adolescents was found to be positively influenced by self-esteem. Marital conflict had negative direct effects on school adjustment only for male adolescents. Results indicated that self-esteem mediated in the effects of marital conflict on school adjustment for male and female adolescents. Implications for understanding the associations among marital conflict, children's self-esteem and adjustment in school contexts were discussed.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.343-347
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• 1994

In order to compare the adjustment of 6 oak species to water stress, the components of water status, tissue elastic modulus, free proline content of leaves and morphological characteristics were determined in pot culture. uercus dentata and . mongolica responded effectively to drought with high root : shoot (R/S) ratio or maintenance of high turgor pressure by large and fast osmotic adjustment and . variabilis with maintenance of high turgor pressure by low elastic modulus under drought. Meanwhile, . aliena and . serrata responded effectively with low omotic potential (Ψo) at full saturation and . acutissima with long root in spite of rigid cell wall and high osmotic potential (Ψo) at full saturation. Proline content in leaves of . dentata, . mongolica and . aliena increased early and rapidly at high leaf water potential (Ψleaf). The results indicate that 6 oak species have adjustment different from each other to water stress.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.107-130
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• 2003

This paper aims to investigate the adjustment effect of switching barriers on customer retention in mobile telecommunication services. The detailed factors regarding switching barriers are classified based on the related literatures. Furthermore, the hierarchical regression analysis is used to analyze the extent to which the factors affect customer retention. The main contribution of this paper is to focus on switching barriers and theirs relationships with customer retention rather than customer satisfaction on early studies. The results are as follows: First, among the factors of switching barriers, switching costs, such as continuity cost and contractual cost, interpersonal relationship, and attractiveness of alternatives are key factors in determining customer retention. Second, continuity cost and interpersonal relationship have an adjustment effect between customer satisfaction and customer retention. The findings can help the mobile operators establish a customer-oriented strategy by identifying a few key factors strengthening the linkage with customers.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.267-278
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• 2020

This study examined the longitudinal effect of preschool children's media exposure and maternal depression on first-grade children's school adjustment and the mediating effect of attention problem. Longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC) collected by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education (KICCE) was used to examine this hypothetical model. The subjects of the study included 2,150 children (1,091 boys and 1,059 girls) and their mothers across 2013 (5 yrs.) through 2015 (7 yrs.). The Structural Equation Model (SEM) was estimated using SPSS 25.0 and Amos 25. The results of this study were as follows. First, higher level of preschool children's media exposure and maternal depression were related to higher attention problems after a year and lower level of children's school adjustment during first-grade. Second, preschool children's media exposure and maternal depression had an indirect effect on first-grade children's school adjustment via attention problem. The results of this study will provide supporting evidence to many educators and parents for the implementation of effective practices for first-grade children to enhance their school adjustment. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of maternal psychological wellbeing and the risk of indiscriminate media exposure during early childhood on first-grade's school adjustment.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.73-89
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• 2001

The market conditions of sea mustard is changing by overproduction, decreasing price, Import of blanched and salted sea mustard from China into Korea domestic market and increasing market share of sea mustard of China in Japan. In addition, the price support program in sea mustard aquaculture must be modified due to the restriction of domestic support by international organization such as WTO. There are two ways to solve those problems. First is that finding a way to solve the overproduction of sea mustard. One of possible ways is the production adjustment by Marketing Order. Second is that finding an alternative way to replace price support program. The possible way is Direct Payment instead of purchase stockpile system. To introduce marketing Order, outlook center, organization of self-management, production adjustment through output control measure, improvement of market structure, and education/publicity arc necessary. Also, to implement marketing order, setting a model business by government is required. There are two steps for implementation of marketing order. First step is to construct Order Committee including organization of producer, people related marketing. However, this committee must run by government for certain short-term. Second step is to improve quality of product and acceleration of demand. At visual point that enforcement of the first step is completed, government has process that government transfers Order Committees self-correcting. It is desirable that government only conduct the support acts such as quality improvement and acceleration of demand. Also, at early stage it is necessary to have aid system for marketing order For example, we can expect that income increase by production adjustment in long run. However, in short run the income of producer may decrease so, it is required to compensate his economic lose. For compensation, The useful means that can be utilized is direct payment. Direct payment is not continued policy. Also, when production adjustment policy such as Marketing Order has effective results, Direct Payment as an assistant measure must be reduced or abolished. Therefore, when production adjustment acts as an effective tool to control overproduction, Direct Payment system.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2009

Objectives : We examined quality of life, psychosocial adjustments to illness, changes in sexual functioning, and prevalence of psychiatric disorders in AIDS patients compared to patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB). Methods : Thirty-one men with AIDS and 50 men with CHB were enrolled. The Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey (SF-12), the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS), and the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire short form (CSFQ-14) were administered. Results on these assessments were compared between the 31 AIDS patients and 50 CHB patients. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSMIV (SCID) was administered to determine the psychiatric diagnosis only for the AIDS patients. Results : The Physical Component Summary score (PCS) was lower in AIDS patients than in CHB patients (p<0.001). In the section examining sexual relationships, AIDS patients exhibited a lower level of adjustment (p<0.05) and had more changes in sexual function (p<0.05) than did CHB patients. Administration of the SCID to AIDS patients indicated that the lifetime prevalence of any psychiatric disorder was 56.7% ; 43.3% for mood disorders, 33.3% for alcohol use disorders, 26.7% for anxiety disorders, and 20% for adjustment disorder. Patients who had experienced any psychiatric disorder had more severe psychosocial distress (p=0.004) and evidenced a lower level of overall psychosocial adjustment (p=0.030) than patients who had not. Conclusion : We showed that AIDS patients have a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, and that AIDS patients with psychiatric disorders were particularly low in levels of psychosocial adjustment. Thus, careful attention should be given to psychiatric aspects of AIDS patients emphasizing the early diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.