• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 1998

The following conclusions are based upon data collected and visual observations made during the performance of the tests : 1. The performance of the erosion control products tested was for a particular set of conditions, and may be expected to differ if any or all of the test parameters were to be changed. If even just one parameter is changed from one test to the next, the results can be expected to be different. 2. Due to the fact that only two replications of each product were tested, we believe that the results presented herein are indicative only and not conclusive. 3. The ECB SC produced the least amount of soil erosion followed by ECB S, ECB C, and Coir No. 2, in that order. 4. All of the erosion control blankets tested significantly reduced soil erosion rates with respect to the bare soil controls. 5. The ECB S produced the smallest water runoff rate, followed closely by ECB SC. Next in order were ECB C and Coir No. 2. 6. All of the erosion control blankets reduced the water runoff rate with respect to the bare soil control. 7. Mesh 2cm There was not much difference in plant height for the four erosion control blankets and the bare soil control plots. the ECB S produced slightly taller plants than the rest of the materials tested. 8. The four erosion control blankets(ECB C, ECB SC, ECB S, and Coir No. 2) produced a larger plant mass than the bare soil plots. The difference between the plant mass for the four erosion control blankets, however, is minimal. 9. The ECB C produced the least percentage of lost seed and the largest percentage of germinating seed. 10. The ECB SC had the second smaller percentage of seed lost, followed closely by ECB S, and then by Coir No. 2. 11. All erosion control blankets had a smaller percentage of seed lost than the bare soil control plots. 12. The ECB C had the second largest percentage of germinating seed, followed closely by ECB SC and Coir No. 2. 13. All erosion control blankets had a larger percentage of germinating seed than the bare soil control plots. 14. The ECB C had the smallest percentage of non-germinating seed, followed by ECB S, Coir No. 2, and ECB SC, in that order. 15. All erosion control blankets had smaller percentages of non-germinating seed than the bare soil control plots.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2023

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, systemic inflammatory disorder that often targets coronary arteries. Being the common cause of acquired heart disease in children, timely diagnosis and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment are crucial. However, it is challenging for physicians to diagnose KD if it presents with atypical manifestations. We report the case of a 5-year-old boy who initially presented with appendicitis; after an appendectomy, he had a prolonged fever. He was finally diagnosed with atypical KD and successfully recovered after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Through a literature review, we found 21 cases of appendicitis associated with KD. In most cases, the patients were male with a mean age of 5.3 years. Most had higher proportions of incomplete KD and coronary artery complications than expected for typical KD. In conclusion, appendicitis could be a rare complication of KD; therefore, multidisciplinary cooperation and early recognition of atypical KD are essential for timely diagnosis.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.11
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• pp.81-97
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• 1972

Experiments and investigations were done basically and practically for the purpose of labor saving in paddy rice cultivation especially on Homizil i.e. hoeing and herbicide, 1969. 8 concrete tanks were established on the open base of Keon Kuk University for comparison of percolation, dissolved oxygen and yield test of rice in the paddy plot of tank. The dimension of the bottom of each tank is square meter. Each of the 4 of the 8 tanks is 21cm in height and each of the remaining 4 tanks is 36cm. Each tank has a system that comprises 2 sets of tubes, each of which has 20 holes of 5mm in diameter scattered every side and is covered with nylon cloth taking water in the tank. One set consists of 4 P.V.C tubes. The first set is situated 8cm below the top of the tank and the second set is located at bottom layer inside the tank. The 4 tubes of each set are combined together and led to the glass tube which protects from inside to outside. And this inside-outside glass tube is connected to the small rubber tube. Also a glass tube is set 4cm below the top of the tank. Paddy loam was filled on sand in each of the tanks in the soil depth of either 15cm or 30cm. The depth of sand was 5cm in the soil depth of 15cm and 10cm in the soil depth of 30cm. (Fig. 1, 2 and 3). The paddy rice was grown in the tank. The percolation of water, the dissolved oxygen and the yield of rice were observed in the tank. And the dissolved oxygen was detected by Winkler method. A sandy paddy field of heavy percolation was selected at the field of the National Agricultural Material Inspection Center in Seoul. It was divided into 9 plots. These plots were given 3 treatments: (A) not hoeing, (B) hoeing one time and (C) hoeing two times. These treatments were replicated 3 times along the latin square design. The paddy rice was grown and sprayed with Stam F-34 in the all plots for the purpose of killing weeds before hoeing. The two types of paddy of field i.e. one for normal percolation and the other for ill drainage were selected at Iri Crop Experiment Station, Jeonla-Bukdo. Each field was divided into 24 plots for 8 treatments. They are: (A) not hoeing; (B) hoeing one time; (C) hoeing two times; (D) not hoeing but treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (E) hoeing one time and weeding two times also treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (F) hoeing two times and weeding one time a], o treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (G) hoeing two times and weeding two times also treating with herbicide, Pamcon, ; (H) usual manner. The labor hours and expenses needed for weeding in the paddy by hoeing were investigated in a farmer at Suwon and the price of herbicide and the yield of rice were taken out at Iri, Jeonla-Bukdo. The results obtained from the above experiments and investigations are as follows: 1. The relationship between percolation and dissolved oxygen shows that a very small amount of oxygen is detected in the soil water under 2cm below surface of earth in the paddy even when percolation is over 4.0cm per 24 hours (Tab. 1). 2. The relationship between percolation and yield of rice shows that the yield of rice increases in the percolation of 0cm and 1.5cm per 24 hours and decreases in the percolation of 2.5cm and 3.4cm in the plot of the 15cm ploughing depth and increases in the percolation of 1.4cm and 3.0cm and decreases in the percolation of 0cm and 4.0cm in the plot of 30cm ploughing depth (Tab. 1 and Fig. 5). 3. The yield of paddy weeded with Stam F-34 in the sandy field of heavy percolation in Seoul was 3.02 tons in the plot of not hoeing, 2.99 tons in hoeing one time and 3.05 tons in hoeing two times per hectare (Tab. 5). 4.1). 4. 1) The yield of rice per 10 ares in the field of normal percolation at Iri was 338kg in not hoeing, 379kg in hoeing one time, 383kg in hoeing two times, 413kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and not hoeing, 433kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing one time and weeding two times, 399kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding one time, 420kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding two times and 418kg in usual manner (Tab. 6-1). 2) The yield of rice per 10 ares in the field of ill drainage at Iri was 323kg in not hoeing, 363kg in hoeing one time, 342kg in hoeing two times, 388kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and not hoeing, 425kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing one time and weeding two times, 427kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding one time, 449kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding two times and 412kg in usual manner (Tab. 6-2). 5. 1) The labor hours for weeding by hoeing was 37.1 hours but 53.5 hours if hours for meal, smoking and so on are included, and the expenses including labor cost needed for weeding by hoeing in the paddy rice was 2, 346 Won per 10 ares at Suwon (Tab. 7). 2) The labor hours for weeding by spraying herbicide with hand sprayer in the paddy rice was about 5 hours per 10 ares at Suwon and the expenses for weeding by spraying herbicide in the paddy rice was 750 Won but 1130 Won if the loss by decrement of rice in the paddy field of ill drainage per 10 ares is calculated in estimation at Iri (Tab. 8). From these observations and investigations it is known that using of some kinds of herbicides Saves labor and expenses of weeding, almost without giving damages to the rice itself, in the field of normal or heavy percolation comparing usual manner of hoeing.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.67-92
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to research the requirements and effect of the document of carriage in respect of the carriage of cargo by air under the Montreal Convention of 1999, IATA Conditions of Carriage for Cargo, and the judicial precedents of Korea and foreign countries. Under the Article 4 of Montreal Convention, in respect of the carriage of cargo, an air waybill shall be delivered. If any other means which preserves a record of the carriage are used, the carrier shall, if so requested by the consignor, deliver to the consignor a cargo receipt. Under the Article 7 of Montreal convention, the air waybill shall be made out by the consignor. If, at the request of the consignor, the carrier makes it out, the carrier shall be deemed to have done so on behalf of the consignor. The air waybill shall be made out in three original parts. The first part shall be marked "for the carrier", and shall be signed by the consignor. The second part shall be marked "for the consignee", and shall be signed by the consignor and by the carrier. The third part shall be signed by the carrier who shall hand it to the consignor after the goods have been accepted. Under the Article 5 of Montreal Convention, the air waybill or the cargo receipt shall include (a) an indication of the places of departure and destination, (b) an indication of at least one agreed stopping place, (c) an indication of the weight of the consignment. Under the Article 10 of Montreal Convention, the consignor shall indemnify the carrier against all damages suffered by the carrier or any other person to whom the carrier is liable, by reason of the irregularity, incorrectness or incompleteness of the particulars and statement furnished by the consignor or on its behalf. Under the Article 9 of Montreal Convention, non-compliance with the Article 4 to 8 of Montreal Convention shall not affect the existence of the validity of the contract, which shall be subject to the rules of Montreal Convention including those relating to limitation of liability. The air waybill is not a document of title or negotiable instrument. Under the Article 11 of Montreal Convention, the air waybill or cargo receipt is prima facie evidence of the conclusion of the contract, of the acceptance of the cargo and of the conditions of carriage. Under the Article 12 of Montreal Convention, if the carrier carries out the instructions of the consignor for the disposition of the cargo without requiring the production of the part of the air waybill or the cargo receipt, the carrier will be liable, for any damage which may be accused thereby to any person who is lawfully in possession of that part of the air waybill or the cargo receipt. According to the precedent of Korea Supreme Court sentenced on 22 July 2004, the freight forwarder as carrier was not liable for the illegal delivery of cargo to the notify party (actual importer) on the air waybill by the operator of the bonded warehouse because the freighter did not designate the boned warehouse and did not hold the position of employer to the operator of the bonded warehouse. In conclusion, as the Korea Customs Authorities will drive the e-Freight project for the carriage of cargo by air, the carrier and freight forwarder should pay attention to the requirements and legal effect of the electronic documentation of the carriage of cargo by air.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.265-271
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• 2011

Purpose: Extended spectrum $\beta$-lactamase (ESBL) producing organism is an important cause of infections in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) since 1990s. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences of clinical characteristics and hematologic studies between neonates with ESBL-positive organism and those with ESBL-negative organism. Methods: The subjects included 48 neonates admitted to NICU at Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital from January 2005 to September 2010, from whom a total of 58 Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumonia were detected. The data were categorized in 2 groups, neonates with ESBL-positive and ESBL-negative. We compared clinical characteristics and hematologic studies between two groups. Results: Of 48 neonates and 53 isolates, ESBL-positive were 18 neonates and 20 isolates. Both ESBL-positive and ESBL-negative isolates were largely found in urine, each with 10 and 23. Of 20 ESBL-positive isolates, 13 (65%) and 7 (35%) were ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, respectively. ESBL-positive neonates were associated with low 1 and 5 minutes Apgar scores (P=0.002 and P=0.001, respectively), more uses of oxygen (56% vs. 27%; P=0.005), longer duration of oxygen uses (15.8${\pm}$38.43 days vs. 4.3${\pm}$12.5 days; P=0.008) and more frequent anemia (33% vs. 7%; P=0.040). Conclusion: ESBL-positive neonates may have more anemia and lower Apgar score at birth. We can consider the use of cabapenem earlier if infant with previous antibiotics is confirmed to be infected with ESBL-positive organisms.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.188-198
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• 2016

In soybeans, responses of high temperature according to shift of sowing dates during the growing season was explored using the crop model, CROPGRO-soybean. In addition, it analyzed impact on change of sowing dates affects yield potential of soybean under future climate scenario (2041-2070). In Jeonju and Miryang during 1981-2010, if sowing at 15 or ten days ahead from 10 June, namely in shorten of the sowing day (i.e. when sown on 25 or 30 May), the yield potential reduced. However, the yield potential increased when sown 5 June. In the case of delay of sowing day (i.e. when sown on 15 or 20 June), reduction of yield potential in the average -5% was higher than increase in the average +2%. In particular, the relative changes for shorten of the sowing day or delay of the sowing day do not be shown in normal years which high temperatures did not abnormally occur during the growing season from 2003 to 2010 except when sown on 25 May. In abnormal years which high temperatures occurred during the critical period, especially R5 to R7, shorten of the sowing day affected to the increase of yield potential in Miryang, while the yield potential decreased in Jeonju except when sown on 5 June. However, delay of the sowing day influenced on the reduction of yield potential both in two sites. In future climate scenario of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 during from 2041 to 2070, the increase and decrease of yield potential for shorten of the sowing day were +10/-9% for RCP 8.5 of Jeonju, and +14/-9% for RCP 8.5 of Miryang, respectively. Additionally, it showed +10/-17% for RCP 8.5 in Jeonju, and +10/-29% for RCP 8.5 in Miryang, respectively in the increase and decrease of yield potential for delay of the sowing day.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 2002

Yubu Island is located within the estuary of the Geum River, South Chungcheong Province $(35^{\circ}59'N,\;126^{\circ}36'E)$, Korea. The island is surrounded by a broad and sandy mudflat, which is typical in the west coast of Korea, and is located 4km off from Gunsan City. Less than 100 humans live on the island, occupying 30 houses. After we discovered that this island was a very important waterbird habitat especially for the East Asian subspecies of the Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus osculans. Waterbirds were monitored once every month from August 1999 to July 2000. The highest number of oystercatchers counted was 3,200 in December 1999, and the birds seemed to remain in the area continuously from September to next February. About 200 breeding and non-breeding birds remained during the breeding season. In August, early migrants returned to the island, with the number reaching 1,060 individuals. This island is also very important for other waterbirds. Endangered or significant species occurring at this site, and their maximum counts were: chinese egret Egretta eulophotes (5), black-faced spoonbill Platalea minor (17), brant Branta bernicla (1), common shelduck Tadorna tadorna (8,000), hooded crane Grus monacha (2), spoon-billed sandpiper Ewynorhynchus pygmeus (7), dunlin Calidris alpina (6,500), great knot Calidris tenuirostris (24,000), far eastern curlew Numenius madagascariensis (2,500), spotted greenshank Tringa guttifer (4) and Saunders's gull Larus saundersi (1,200). During the 12 month survey period, we observed 52 waterbird species and the total of the maximum counts for the separate species was 73,308, implying that perhaps 150,000 birds could be using the immediate area, if a turnover rate of 2 was assumed.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.639-645
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• 2009

It has increased rapidly use of GPS car navigation system in the last few years worldwide. The type of navigation operation is composed of hardware or software. Navigation based on software is stored in exterior storage(e.g. SD card) and executed. One of many navigation software, Mappy, is used most plentifully in Korea. It stores user information such frequently visited place, route and etc. in exterior storage. If it analyzes the dat of navigation, we gain the information such a suspect's movement, route of car. There are important means in a digital forensic perspective because it's available for investigating the crime such kidnapping, murder and etc. This paper provides the necessary information in digital investigation through the analysis of stored data of navigation in a digital forensic perspective.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

We present numerical simulations of decaying hydrodynamic turbulence initially driven by solenoidal (divergence-free) and compressive (curl-free) drivings. Most previous numerical studies for decaying turbulence assume an isothermal equation of state (EOS). Here we use a polytropic EOS, P ∝ ρ^γ, with polytropic exponent γ ranging from 0.7 to 5/3. We mainly aim at determining the effects of γ and driving schemes on the decay law of turbulence energy, E ∝ t^-α. We additionally study probability density function (PDF) of gas density and skewness of the distribution in polytropic turbulence driven by compressive driving. Our findings are as follows. First of all, we find that even if γ does not strongly change the decay law, the driving schemes weakly change the relation; in our all simulations, turbulence decays with α ≈ 1, but compressive driving yields smaller α than solenoidal driving at the same sonic Mach number. Second, we calculate compressive and solenoidal velocity components separately and compare their decay rates in turbulence initially driven by compressive driving. We find that the former decays much faster so that it ends up having a smaller fraction than the latter. Third, the density PDF of compressively driven turbulence with γ > 1 deviates from log-normal distribution: it has a power-law tail at low density as in the case of solenoidally driven turbulence. However, as it decays, the density PDF becomes approximately log-normal. We discuss why decay rates of compressive and solenoidal velocity components are different in compressively driven turbulence and astrophysical implication of our findings.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

This papers is a study on design and implementation of a web-based courseware for learning Yungwol local community through the internet which is one of the self leading learning methods. Learners can learn Yungwol local community by using the web-based courseware and on the basis of this learning methods, learners can use them according to their wish at anytime and anyplace. The learner-centered teaching model can be offered by sharing, exchanging, and interacting the information each other. To achieve such purpose, two learning grounds are applied. One is the research learning ground which students can study for themselves in the course of searching for the changing cause which can affect to local community and culture. And the other is the experimental ground where is the changing cause searched from research learning ground. Social and physical environment of the lot of community can realized by surfing the network and e-mails producing web-based file through internet. If these web-based research community is more developed and used under the local area network school, self-leading research learning methods will be done regardless of the place and the time.