• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.503-514
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• 2020

In a sense that achievement emotion is directly associated with achievement activity of students and its result, drastic changes in educational environment such as expansion of e-learning due to COVID-19 may have a large impact on the achievement emotion of students inevitably. However, studies on the foregoing still remain insufficient, and development of a questionnaire capable of making a quantitative measurement on the achievement emotion of students under the environment of e-learning may become the basis of relevant studies, so this study developed the e-learning Achievement Emotions Questionnaire-Korean Middle school Science(e-AEQ-KMS) and verified its validity. e-AEQ-KMS in this study was developed based on the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire-Korean Middle school Science (AEQ-KMS) and by reflecting characteristics of e-learning science class. With 226 questions in total, the questionnaire is composed to measure 9 kinds of achievement emotion such as enjoyment, hope, pride, relief, anger, anxiety, hopelessness, shame, and boredom under 3 academic situations of class situation, learning situation and testing situation. The result of this study has a great significance in the way that it set out a framework for making a comparative analysis quantitatively on the achievement emotion of Korean middle school students in science for e-learning classes.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.6-20
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• 2019

Learning analytics, or educational data mining, is an emerging field that applies data mining methods and tools for the exploitation of data coming from educational environments. Learning management systems, like Moodle, offer large amounts of data concerning students' activity, performance, behavior, and interaction with their peers and their tutors. The analysis of these data can be elaborated to make decisions that will assist stakeholders (students, faculty, and administration) to elevate the learning process in higher education. In this work, the power of Excel is exploited to analyze data in Moodle, utilizing an e-learning course developed for enhancing the information computer technology skills of school teachers in primary and secondary education in Greece. Moodle log files are appropriately manipulated in order to trace daily and weekly activity of the learners concerning distribution of access to resources, forum participation, and quizzes and assignments submission. Learners' activity was visualized for every hour of the day and for every day of the week. The visualization of access to every activity or resource during the course is also obtained. In this fashion teachers can schedule online synchronous lectures or discussions more effectively in order to maximize the learners' participation. Results depict the interest of learners for each structural component, their dedication to the course, their participation in the fora, and how it affects the submission of quizzes and assignments. Instructional designers may take advice and redesign the course according to the popularity of the educational material and learners' dedication. Moreover, the final grade of the learners is predicted according to their previous grades using multiple linear regression and sensitivity analysis. These outcomes can be suitably exploited in order for instructors to improve the design of their courses, faculty to alter their educational methodology, and administration to make decisions that will improve the educational services provided.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.67-76
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• 2008

Objectives : Amnesia is theloss or impairment of memory, caused by physical injury, disease, drugs, or emotional trauma. Recently, the average life span is increasing, while at the same time, the incidence of dementia-like diseases in conjunction with amnesia are also increasing. Therefore learning and memory are very important issues in modern society. Ancient Korean physicians used several herbs to treat dementia and these herbal effects were described in Korean herbal books. Among them are some reports on several cognitive-enhancing herbs which have since been shown to improve dementia in recent pharmacological studies, such as Panax ginseng; however, the facilitatory effects of many Korean cognitive-enhancing herbs on learning and memory are limited. Learning and memory are essential requirements for every living organism in order to cope with environmental demands; cholinergic systems are known to be involved in learning and memory. Methods : In this study, the effects of Acori graminei rhizoma (AGR, 石菖蒲) on learning and memory were investigated by Morris water maze, eight-arm radial maze, and the effects on the central cholinergic system of rats injected with scopolamine. Results : In the water maze, the experimental animals were trained to find a platform in a fixed position for 6 days and then received a 60 sec probe trial in which the platform was removed from the pool on the 7th day. In the eight-arm radial maze, the animals were tested four times per day for 6 days. Scopolamine impaired performance of the maze tests and reduced activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the hippocampus, which is a marker for the central cholinergic system. There were significant reversals from the scopolamine-induced deficits on learning and memory in these tests, through daily administrations of AGR (100 mg/kg, p.o.) over 14 consecutive days. These treatments also reduced the loss of cholinergic activity in the hippocampus induced by scopolamine. Conclusions : These results demonstrated that AGR ameliorated learning and memory deficits by affecting the central acetylcholine system.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.169-191
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• 2008

Information technology instruments arc being rampantly used for knowledge management in companies. IT is used as an interplay tool to enhance the flow of knowledge and information between people. KMS, especially, supports the knowledge management process including sharing, creating, and using of knowledge within a company, and maximizes the value of knowledge resources within an organization. The purpose of this paper is to understand how IT is changing the knowledge management activity. through various examples based on exploratory research from MANDO, the Korean automotive parts manufacturer, and POSCO, the global leading steelmaker. The result shows that IT boosts communication skills, thus creates a mutual relationship outcome. In the same context, the process of knowledge conversion by Nonaka's SECI model simplifies to an Externalization-Internalization process. This process accelerates the birth of explicit knowledge and Socialization, supplements the Limitations of the creation of knowledge in the E-I cycle. The E of knowledge simultaneously promotes the I, and eventually brings an advanced learning skill. IT aids the E of knowledge and furthermore, I and E activity, through the knowledge sharing, brings vitality into an organization. The interplay stage for knowledge activity is to be reorganized to a cyber ba. Furthermore, IT will galvanize the formation of core knowledge through systemized acquisition, management of core knowledge and standardization of work.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1236-1242
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• 2002

In order to make an efficient prescription and cope with dementia, learning and memory functions of Sprague-Dawley model rats were tested with Morris water maze. And to evaluate the effect of the sample drug(CHM) on choline acetyltranferase and acetylcholine esterase, immunoreactive measurement and enzymatic activity measuring were carried out. Rats were injected with ibotenic acid through hippocampus CA1 and CA3 area. The results are as following. CHM improves the learning ability in the acquisition test and memory function in the retention test significantly. And CHM increases the level of AChE which is resolving acetylcholine. Though it doesn't increase the level of ChAT significantly which is synthesizing acetylcholine, but it shows the tendency of increase. So these results show that CHM improve the cholinergic catabolism and anabolism, and the increment of metabolic activity of cholinergic system. Thus it can be concluded that CHM will be helpful to cholinergic brain disease induced by primary or senile reduction of acetylcholine secretive activity.

• Database Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.137-147
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• 2018

A key to a well-performing human activity recognition (HAR) system through machine learning technique is the availability of a substantial amount of labeled data. Collecting sufficient labeled data is an expensive and time-consuming task. To build a HAR system in a new environment (i.e., the target domain) with very limited labeled data, it is unfavorable to naively exploit the data or trained classifier model from the existing environment (i.e., the source domain) as it is due to the domain difference. While traditional machine learning approaches are unable to address such distribution mismatch, transfer learning approach leverages the utilization of knowledge from existing well-established source domains that help to build an accurate classifier in the target domain. In this work, we propose a transfer learning approach to create an accurate HAR classifier with very limited data through the multitask neural network. The classifier loss function minimization for source and target domain are treated as two different tasks. The knowledge transfer is performed by simultaneously minimizing the loss function of both tasks using a single neural network model. Furthermore, we utilize the unlabeled data in an unsupervised manner to help the model training. The experiment result shows that the proposed work consistently outperforms existing approaches.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.201-209
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• 2014

The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of selective $ET_A$ receptor antagonist, ambrisentan on hyperhomocysteinemia-induced experimental vascular dementia. L-methionine was administered for 8 weeks to induce hyperhomocysteinemia and associated vascular dementia in male rats. Ambrisentan was administered to L-methionine-treated effect rats for 4 weeks (starting from $5^{th}$ to $8^{th}$ week of L-methionine treatment). On $52^{nd}$ day onward, the animals were exposed to the Morris water maze (MWM) for testing their learning and memory abilities. Vascular endothelial function, serum nitrite/nitrate levels, brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), brain reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were also measured. L-methionine-treated animals showed significant learning and memory impairment, endothelial dysfunction, decrease in/serum nitrite/nitrate and brain GSH levels along with an increase in brain TBARS levels and AChE activity. Ambrisentan significantly improved hyperhomocysteinemia-induced impairment of learning, memory, endothelial dysfunction, and changes in various biochemical parameters. These effects were comparable to that of donepezil serving as positive control. It is concluded that ambrisentan, a selective $ET_A$ receptor antagonist may be considered as a potential pharmacological agent for the management of hyperhomocysteinemia-induced vascular dementia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.270-276
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the water extract of Albizziae Cortex (AC) on the learning and memory impairments. AC was administered to normal mouse and scopolamine-injected amnesia mouse model. Passive avoidance test, Y-maze test, and Morris water maze test were conducted to confirm the cognitive-enhancing activities of AC. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (Ach) content were measured after oral administration of AC. On the passive avoidance test, AC (200 mg/kg) significantly increased latency time and recovered scopolamine-impaired learning and memory in mice. In addition, AC (200 mg/kg) reduced Exploration time in target quadrant and reversed the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the Y-maze test. Moreover, AC (200 mg/kg) increased exploration time in target quadrant and improved scopolamine-reduced escape latencies in the Morris water maze test. These effects were presented by regulatory effects of AC on AChE activity and Ach content. Taken together, AC increases cognitive-enhancing activities and ameliorates scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment. AC might be a potential agent for prevention and treatment of amnesia and dementia.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-69
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• 2005

Recently, knowledge management and E-business are very important issues in academic and business fields. Research questions related with these issues are which factors stimulate knowledge management. Another question is whether knowledge management is related to E-business. To answer these questions a research model was proposed. The data were collected from 90 manufacturing firms in Korea. Appropriate research methodologies were employed for analysis. Results found that the degree of firm's internalization, diversity of domestic management activities and learning orientation affect knowledge aquisition and transfer. Knowledge aquisition and transfer facilitate knowledge application, resulting in new product development, cost reduction and technology differentiation. Knowledge management is a kind of process. This result, therefore, confirms what previous literature predicted.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

Objectives : In the present study, we assessed the effects of water extract of Ulmus davidiana(UED) on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine in mice through its favorable acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and antioxidant effect. Methods : The memory and cognitive enhancing effect of the UDE was investigated using a passive avoidance test, the Morris water maze test and Y-maze test in mice. In addition, to examine the mechanism of UDE using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and antioxidant activity. Results : The water extract of UDE (100, and 200 mg/kg) significantly reversed the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the passive avoidance test (P < 0.05). Moreover, UDE (100, and 200 mg/kg) also improved escape latencies in training trials and increased swimming times and distances within the target zone of the Morris water maze (P < 0.05). On the Y-maze test, UDE (100, and 200 mg/kg) also significantly reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice (P < 0.05). In an in vitro study, UDE was found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, changes in neurotrophic factor (CREB), and antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions : The water extract of UDE dramatically possesses the anti-amnestic and cognitive-enhancing activities related to the memory processes, and these activities were parallel to treatment duration and dependent on the learning models. These results suggest that the administration of UDE enhances learning and memory, and that this effect is partially mediated by ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling and the survival of immature neurons.