• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2018

A roller compacted concrete (RCC) dam should be analyzed under seismic ground motions for different conditions such as empty reservoir and full reservoir conditions. This study presents three-dimensional earthquake response and performance of a RCC dam considering materially non-linearity. For this purpose, Cine RCC dam constructed in Aydın, Turkey, is selected in applications. The three-dimensional finite element model of Cine RCC dam is obtained using ANSYS software. The Drucker-Prager material model is considered in the materially nonlinear time history analyses for concrete and foundation rock. Furthermore, hydrodynamic effect was investigated in linear and non-linear dynamic analyses. Researchers observe that how the tensile and compressive stresses change by hydrodynamic pressure effect. The hydrodynamic pressure of the reservoir water is modeled with the fluid finite elements based on the Lagrangian approach. In this study, dam body and foundation are modeled with welded contact. The displacements and principle stress components obtained from the linear and non-linear analyses with and without reservoir water are compared each other. Principle stresses during earthquake were obtained at the most critical point in the upstream face of dam body. Besides, the change of displacements and stresses by crest length were investigated. Moreover demand-capacity ratio criteria were also studied under linear dynamic and nonlinear analysis. Earthquake performance analyses were carried out for different cases and evaluated. According to linear and nonlinear analysis, hydrodynamic water effect is obvious in full reservoir situation. On the other hand, higher tensile stresses were observed in linear analyses and then non-linear analyses were performed and compared with each other.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.45-65
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 유한차분해석 프로그램인 FLAC을 이용하여 사질토 지반을 지지하는 지하연속벽을 모델링 하고, 내진해석을 수행하였다. 그리고 수치해석 결과를 동일한 조건에서 수행된 원심모형실험 결과와 비교하여, 흙막이 구조물의 내진해석을 위한 수치 모델링의 적정성을 검증하였다. 전반적으로 벽체에 발생한 모멘트 분포도가 매우 유사하였고, 지하연속벽의 상단과 배면지반에서 산정한 가속도의 최대값이 약 5%이내의 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 검증된 모델을 활용하여 다양한 지반조건과 굴착조건, 그리고 입력하중 조건에서 동적 수치해석 변수연구를 수행하였다. 지진 중 가시설 벽체와 지보재에 발생한 최대 응력을 굴착 중 발생한 최대 응력과 비교하여, 내진설계가 필요한 흙막이 가시설 조건을 개략적으로 선정하였다. 토사지반을 지지하는 흙막이 벽체는 재현주기 100년의 지진하중에 의해 벽체 모멘트가 최대 17%까지 증가하였고, 특히 느슨한 토사층에 위치한 지보재는 최대 32%까지 축력이 증가하여 구조설계를 위한 내진해석이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2020

Recently, some of the most destructive earthquakes have occurred in South Korea since earthquake observations began in 1978. In particular, the soil liquefactions have been reported in Pohang as a result of the ML 5.4 earthquake that occurred in November 2017. Liquefaction-induced ground deformations can cause significant damage to a wide range of buildings and infrastructures. Therefore, it is necessary to take practical steps to ensure safety during an earthquake. In the current seismic design in South Korea, the Hachinohe earthquake and Ofunato earthquake recorded in Japan, along with artificial earthquakes, have been generally used for input motions in dynamic analyses. However, such strong ground motions are only from Japan, and artificial earthquake ground motions are different from real ground motions. In this study, seven ground motions are selected, including those recorded in South Korea, while others are compatible to the current design spectra of South Korea. The effects of the newly selected ground motions on site response analyses and liquefaction analyses are evaluated.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 지반공학 공동 학술발표회
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• pp.360-372
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• 2005

The weathering degree and shear wave velocity, $V_S$, were evaluated for decomposed granite layers in Hongsung, where earthquake damages have occurred. The subsurface geological layers and their $V_S$ profiles were determined, respectively, from boring investigations and seismic tests such as crosshole, downhole and SASW tests. The subsurface layers were composed of 10 to 40 m thickness of weathered residual soil and weathered rock in most sites. In the laboratory, the weathering indexes with depth were estimated based on the results of X-ray fluorescence analysis using samples obtained from field, together with the dynamic soil properties determined from resonant column tests using reconstituted specimens. According to the results, it was examined that most weathering degrees represented such as VR, Li, CIA, MWPI and WIP were decreased with increasing depth with exception of RR and CWI. For weathered residual soils in Hongsung, the $V_S's$ determined from borehole seismic tests were slightly increased with increasing depth, and were similar to those from resonant column tests. Furthermore, the $V_S$ values were independent on the weathering degrees, which were decreased with depth.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.701-709
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• 2017

Seismic dissipation devices can play a crucial role in mitigating earthquake damages, loss of life and post-event repair and downtime costs. This research investigates the use of ring springs with high-force-to-volume (HF2V) dissipaters to create damage-free, recentring connections and structures. HF2V devices are passive rate-dependent extrusion-based devices with high energy absorption characteristics. Ring springs are passive energy dissipation devices with high self-centring capability to reduce the residual displacements. Dynamic behaviour of a system with nonlinear structural stiffness and supplemental hybrid damping via HF2V devices and ring spring dampers is used to investigate the design space and potential. HF2V devices are modelled with design forces equal to 5% and 10% of seismic weight and ring springs are modelled with loading stiffness values of 20% and 40% of initial structural stiffness and respective unloading stiffness of 7% and 14% of structural stiffness (equivalent to 35% of their loading stiffness). Using a suite of 20 design level earthquake ground motions, nonlinear response spectra for 8 different configurations are generated. Results show up to 50% reduction in peak displacements and greater than 80% reduction in residual displacements of augmented structure compared to the baseline structure. These gains come at a cost of a significant rise in the base shear values up to 200% mainly as a result of the force contributed by the supplemental devices.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1528-1537
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is investigated the method for estimation of the liquefaction on the reclaimed land, located in Incheon and assessed the ability of liquefaction under the condition of criteria, which is the magnitude '6.5' of seismic on the basis of the domestic seismic characteristics. Performed not only field test but the experiment as well to study how the fine content would affect into the dreging and reclaimed land and also estimated the safety factor through the empirical method and anticipated detail method based on the results. Within the reclaimed land, there are many sized soils which are almost extended from well-graded silty sand(SM) to poor-graded fine grained sand, and which have the condition, so called, the liquefaction which is easily to bring into under the circumstances within the ground. However, partly, now that the soil is mixed with silt and silty clay which include the content of fine grained dust quite a bit, the difficulties and inconveniences has been expected while trying to find the ratio of cyclic resistance, but finally Seed and Idriss method showed the most way when we estimate the safety factor on the liquefaction.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 평면 비대칭건물의 비탄성 변위를 주어진 목표까지 제한하기 위하여 필요한 추가적인 감쇠량을 구하는 방법에 관하여 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저 비대칭구조물의 항복 후 거동을 분석하고 구조물에 발생하는 연성도 요구량을 이용하여 필요한 등가 감쇠비를 유도하였다. 이러한 방법을 지진하중을 받는 5층 비대칭구조물에 적용하였다. 시간이력해석 결과와의 비교에 따르면 제안된 방법에 따라 점성감쇠기를 설치한 경우 주어진 지진하중에 대하여 약변 및 강변 모두 만족할만한 거동을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.419-433
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• 2020

Investigation of structural integrity has been a critical issue in the field of civil engineering for years. Visual inspection is one of the most available methods to explore deteriorative components in structures. Still, this method is not applicable to invisible damage of structures. Alternatively, system identification methods are capable of tracking modal properties of structures over time. The deviation of these dynamic properties can serve as indicators to access structural integrity. In this study, a modal tracking technique using frequency-domain system identification from seismic responses of structures is proposed. The method first segments the measured signals into overlapped sequential portions and then establishes multiple Hankel matrices. Each Hankel matrix is then converted to the frequency domain, and a temporal-average frequency-domain Hankel matrix can be calculated. This study also proposes the frequency band selection that can divide the frequency-domain Hankel matrix into several portions in accordance with referenced natural frequencies. Once these referenced natural frequencies are unavailable, the first few right singular vectors by the singular value decomposition can offer these references. Finally, the frequency-domain stochastic subspace identification tracks the natural frequencies and mode shapes of structures through quick stabilization diagrams. To evaluate performance of the proposed method, a numerical study is carried out. Moreover, the long-term monitoring strong motion records at a specific site are exploited to assess the tracking performance. As seen in results, the proposed method is capable of tracking modal properties through seismic responses of structures.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.93-96
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• 2008

이 논문은 근단층지반운동(NFGM)하에서 내진성능을 평가하기 위한 RC교각의 진동대, 준정적, 유사동적 실험을 다룬다. 5개의 실험체가 수행되었다. 축소 모형을 제작하고 상부구조물의 중량 에 의한 축력의 효과는 프리스트레스에 의해 구현하였다. 지진이 발생할 때 상부 구조물의 횡방향 관성력은 진동대의 제한된 용량 때문에 교각 실험체에 연결한 질량 프레임으로 모사하였다. 특히, 진동대 실험에서 질량 모사 프레임이 교각 모델과 같은 변위로 움직이면서 마찰 효과를 최소화할 수 있도록 고려하였고 이에 대한 검증을 실시하였다. RC교각의 축소 계수를 4.25로 설정 하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.389-402
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• 2019

Reinforced concrete walls and buckling restrained braces are effective structural elements that are used to resist seismic loads. In this paper, the behavior of the reinforced concrete walls coupled with buckling restrained braces is investigated. In such a system, there is not any conventional reinforced concrete coupling beam. The coupling action is provided only by buckling restrained braces that dissipate energy and also cause coupling forces in the wall piers. The studied structures are 10-, 20- and 30-story ones designed according to the ASCE, ACI-318 and AISC codes. Wall nonlinear model is then prepared using the fiber elements in PERFORM-3D software. The responses of the systems subjected to the forward directivity near-fault (NF) and ordinary far-fault (FF) ground motions at maximum considered earthquake (MCE) level are studied. The seismic responses of the structures corresponding to the inter-story drift demand, curvature ductility of wall piers, and coupling ratio of the walls are compared. On average, the results show that the inter-story drift ratio for the examined systems subjected to the far-fault events at MCE level is less than allowable value of 3%. Besides, incremental dynamic analysis is used to examine the considered systems. Results of studied systems show that, the taller the structures, the higher the probability of their collapse. Also, for a certain peak ground acceleration of 1 g, the probability of collapse under NF records is more than twice this probability under FF records.