• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.137-147
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• 2010

In this paper we extend a differential inequality presented in Theorem 2.2 [6] to a dynamic inequality on time scales.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined the dynamic peak plantar pressure under the foot areas in those with a functional leg length inequality. Methods: The dynamic peak plantar pressure under the foot areas in an experimental group with a functional leg length inequality (n=20) and a control group (n=20) was assessed a using the Mat-Scan system (Tekscan, USA). The peak plantar pressure under the hallux, 1st, 2nd, 3-4th and 5th metatarsal head (MTH), mid foot, and heel was measured while the subject was walking on the Mat-Scan system. Results: The experimental group had significantly higher peak plantar pressure under all foot areas when the dynamic peak plantar pressure in the short leg and long leg sides was compared. The control group had a significantly higher peak plantar pressure under the 1st, 2nd, 3-4th, and 5th MTH when the dynamic peak plantar pressure in the short leg and long leg sides were compared. The experimental group showed a significantly larger difference in the dynamic peak plantar pressure under the hallux, 1st, 2nd, 3-4th and 5th MTH, mid foot and heel than the control group. Conclusion: A functional leg length inequality leads to an increase in the weight distribution and dynamic peak plantar pressure in the side of the short leg.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2013

In this paper we study some nonlinear Pachpatte type integral inequalities on time scales by using a Bihari type inequality. Our results unify some continuous inequalities and their corresponding discrete analogues, and extend these inequalities to dynamic inequalities on time scales. Furthermore, we give some examples concerning our results.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

This study provides empirical evidences for the relationship between income inequality and economic growth, and relationship of income inequality with some of explanatory variables such as technological innovation, trade globalization, financial globalization and fiscal policy. We find out that income inequality has an adverse effect on economic growth, showing its dynamic features, for which we employed the polynomial distributed lags (PDL) model. The effect of income inequality on economic growth lasts over 9 years, and its dynamic effect peaks after 4 years. In addition, we also attempted to find out empirical evidences of sources of income inequality. The results show that income inequality is positively related to technological innovation, financial globalization, and fiscal policy; negatively related to the trade globalization. Many studies employ cross-country data, but it could have serious problems in collecting statistical data. Korean data is used over the time period of 1990-2015 in this study.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.19-29
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• 2021

This study aims to measure financial inclusion and examine its impact on income inequality in a panel of 18 Asian countries over the period 1997-2017. Two alternative approaches for developing financial inclusion index are used: one approach following the methodology of Sarma (2008), while the other is the Dynamic Factor Model (DFM)-based index. The impact of individual indicators and index of financial inclusion on inequality in income is analyzed. The Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) approach is used for empirical analysis. The results indicate that micro-level financial inclusion has a weak negative and statistically significant impact on income inequality. Macro-level index and all individual indicators of financial inclusion do not affect income inequality in the selected sample of economies. The income inequality issues have different natures and cannot be fixed by financial inclusion only. It needs holistic structural reforms to enable fair distribution of income and make an equitable financial system. Financial inclusion is a relatively less important intervention tool regarding fixing the issue of income inequality. This is one of the first studies that used the DFM method for financial inclusion indices construction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.436-439
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• 2005

Dynamic contact of a cantilever beam with Sap at the end is discussed. The gap in a structure induces dynamic contact, and the contact problem is always accompanied by inequality constraints which mean that the solution of the structure with contact condition should satisfy variational inequality. Inequality, but, can be reduced to equality condition considering convex penalty function. In this paper, formulation of a beam with contact is derived using quasi convex penalty function. General coordinate solution which is needed to increase computational efficiency is applied. Nonlinear behavior of a beam with rigid and elastic contact condition was discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.11 s.104
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• pp.1255-1261
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• 2005

The dynamic contact model of a beam that contacts to a rigid wall in a reactor core was studied. The gap between the beam and contact wall results in dynamic contact accompanying inequality constraints. The inequality constraints can be relieved to an equality constraint problem by introducing a convex Penalty function. In this work, a beam with contact condition is formulated using quasi-convex penalty function and numerically solved. General coordinate solution is adopted to raise computational efficiency. Also nonlinearity is examined In the beam contacting to a rigid wall.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.898-902
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• 2003

For linear descriptor systems, we consider the $H_{INFTY}$ controller design problem via output feedback. Both static output feedback and dynamic one are discussed. First, in the case of static output feedback, we reduce our control problem to solving a bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) with respect to the controller coefficient matrix, a Lyapunov matrix and a matrix related to the descriptor matrix. Under a matching condition between the descriptor matrix and the measured output matrix (or the control input matrix), we propose setting the Lyapunov matrix in the BMI as being block diagonal appropriately so that the BMI is reduced to LMIs. For fixed-order dynamic $H_{INFTY}$ output feedback, we formulate the control problem equivalently as the one of static output feedback design, and thus the same approach can be applied.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.305-312
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• 2022

Each country's economic progress creates opportunities for its citizens to raise their income. Meanwhile, the country has secured the people's social security policies, particularly the protection of income equality, to promote harmonious and sustained economic development. Vietnam has been located in a dynamic economic development area in Southeast Asia since the 1986 economic reforms, with an annual growth rate of around 7%. Meanwhile, having achieved a middle-income status of roughly 3500 USD per person per year, Vietnam is attempting to maintain income equality and access to welfare systems for its inhabitants. As a result, the primary goal of this study is to use an autoregressive distributed lagged model to investigate the effects of income inequality and other economic factors such as foreign direct investment and trade openness on Vietnam's economic growth from 1992 to 2019. The research focuses attention on literature on income inequality, economic development indicators, and economic development in unique ways in this study. Income inequality slows the rate of change in economic development in the same year, according to our findings. Finally, the study will make policy suggestions to the Vietnamese government.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.310-323
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• 2023

Urbanization and income distribution issues are global interest, and the results of studies on the impact of urbanization on income inequality are different for each country and period. This study analyzes the impact of urbanization on income inequality using regional data from 2000-2021. In particular, serial correlation, spatial dependence, and common factor effects of the Gini coefficient are confirmed and analyzed through a dynamic spatial panel regression model. As a result, urbanization has a positive effect on reducing income inequality. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously promote regional urbanization to improve the income distribution problem. Areas with already high urbanization rates should reduce income inequality by narrowing the wage gap by expanding training opportunities for low-skilled workers, and need to come up with measures to prevent counter-urbanization.