• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.106-120
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• 1997

The Purpose of this study was to get grasp the law intelligence related to nursing duty of nurse in order to estimate a degree of mangement duty, patient mangement duty, injection duty, medication duty that nurse have. This paper made a survey of 270 nurses who were employed in general hospital of Chon-ju city. Questionnaire were composed 32 items through four dimension. The result of this survey showed that as follow : 1. Law intelligence related to nursing duty was expressed mean score 17.24 score in maxim score 32 score, mangement duty mean score 5.01 score in maxim score 11 score, patient mangement duty mean score 2.72 score in maxim score 11 score, injection duty mean score 3.84 score in maxim score 7 score, medication duty mean score 3.55 in maxim score 7 score of each domain 2. Relationships of mangement duty. patient mangement duty, injection duty. medication duty were expressed to progressive relationship of all. 3. Correlation between general features and law intelligence related to my duty.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2005

By measuring changes in blood lactate and plasma enzyme (CPK, GOT, GPT) with electrical stimulation applied at two duty cycles, this study is intended to look into which type of duty cycle may have more effects on blood lactate and plasma enzyme constituents through animal experiment so as to determine any duty cycle appropriate for electrical treatment. In this study, electrical stimulation was applied to total 20 Korean house rabbits (weight: 3~3.5 kg) by means of an electrical therapeutic apparatus called TS6000 (made in Netherlands) at duty cycle of 50% and 20% respectively for 30 minutes. Here, 5 cc of blood was collected from their carotid artery before stimulation and in 30 minutes after stimulation respectively to carry out biochemical experiment and analysis. As determined through the above experiment, blood lactate rate was increased to 333.07% at 50% duty cycle after experiment and 185.71% at 20% duty cycle after experiment respectively. In both cases, blood lactate rate was significantly increased to higher level after electrical stimulation than before. Moreover, the rate of change in the average of blood lactate rate at both duty cycles also showed significant differences. CPK rate was boosted to 301.82% at 50% duty cycle after experiment and 321.35% at 20% duty cycle after experiment respectively. In both cases, CPK rate was remarkably boosted to higher level after stimulation than before (p<.05). However, there was not any significant difference in the rate of change in average CPK at both duty cycles (p<.05). GOT rate was significantly boosted up to 38.97% at 50% duty cycle after experiment (p<.05), while it was slightly increased to 1.68% at 20% duty cycle after experiment without any significant difference. Rather, GPT rate dropped slightly at both duty cycles after experiment, but there was not any significant difference. Although blood lactate and GOT were relatively less generated at 20% duty cycle after electrical stimulation than at 50% duty cycle, the change of duty cycle didn't have any significant influence on CPK rate. In this regard, this study failed to come any consistent conclusion about the association between change of duty cycle and muscle fatigue. Therefore, it is advisable that follow-up studies seek various ways to a little more effectively apply electrical stimulation to laboratory animals by avoiding their muscle fatigue. GOT rate was significantly boosted up to 38.97% at 50% duty cycle after experiment (p<.05), while it was slightly increased to 1.68% at 20% duty cycle after experiment without any significant difference. Rather, GPT rate dropped slightly at both duty cycles after experiment, but there was not any significant difference. Although blood lactate and GOT were relatively less generated at 20% duty cycle after electrical stimulation than at 50% duty cycle, the change of duty cycle didn't have any significant influence on CPK rate. In this regard, this study failed to come any consistent conclusion about the association between change of duty cycle and muscle fatigue. Therefore, it is advisable that follow-up studies seek various ways to a little more effectively apply electrical stimulation to laboratory animals by avoiding their muscle fatigue.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.107-122
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• 2002

The analysis result regarding the influence where the enterprise culture goes mad to a duty satisfaction with afterwards is same. First. The enterprise culture factor who causes an effect in the supervision factor of duty satisfaction joint ownership of management idea, appeared with the example by leadership factor. Second. The enterprise culture factor who causes an effect in the promotion factor of duty satisfaction appeared with the all feeling factor of system. Third. The enterprise culture factor who causes an effect in the wages factor of duty satisfaction appeared with the all feeling factor of system. Fourth. The enterprise culture factor who causes an effect in the duty form factor or duty satisfaction clearness or example by leadership and belief, duty affirmation appeared with the factor. Fifth. The enterprise culture factor who causes an effect in the service environment factor of duty satisfaction appeared with the all feeling factor of system. Conclusion the enterprise culture appeared with the fact that it causes an effect duty satisfactorily.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2008년도 추계종합학술대회 B
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• pp.854-857
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• 2008

무선 센서 네트워크의 센서 노드는 내부 전원을 사용함으로 인해 수명이 제한적이다. 기존의 여러 MAC 프로토콜은 무선 센서 네트워크에서 에너지 절약을 위해 sleep/listen cycle을 스케쥴링한다. 또한, MAC프로토콜의 duty-cycle은 사용자의 조정에 의해 낮은 duty cycle로 변화할 수 있으며, 이는 프레임에서 sleep 시간을 결정하게 된다. 이러한 duty cycle의 크기는 MAC 프로토콜의 성능에 직접적인 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 NS-2 환경에서 서로 다른 duty cycle을 갖는 TEEM과 SMAC을 시뮬레이션하고 두 개의 프로토콜의 에너지 소비와 성능 측면에서 duty cycle을 분석한다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2006년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.465-466
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• 2006

In this paper, novel analog duty cycle corrector (DCC) with a digital duty error detector is proposed. The digital duty error detector measures the duty error of the clock and converts it into a digital code. This digital code is then used to accurately correct the duty ratio by adaptively steering the charge-pump current. The proposed duty cycle corrector was implemented using an 80nm DRAM process with 1.8V supply voltage. The simulation result shows that the proposed duty cycle corrector improves the settling time up to $70{\sim}80%$ at 500MHz clock frequency for the same duty correction accuracy as the conventional analog DCC.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.152-156
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• 2013

This paper presents a fast-lock dual-loop successive approximation register-controlled duty-cycle corrector (SARDCC) circuit using a mixed (binary+sequential) search algorithm. A wider duty-cycle correction range, higher operating frequency, and higher duty-cycle correction accuracy have been achieved by utilizing the dual-loop architecture and the binary search SAR that achieves the fast duty-cycle correcting property. By transforming the binary search SAR into a sequential search counter after the first DCC lock-in, the proposed dual-loop SARDCC keeps the closed-loop characteristic and tracks variations in process, voltage, and temperature (PVT). The measured duty cycle error is less than ${\pm}0.86%$ for a wide input duty-cycle range of 15-85 % over a wide frequency range of 0.5-2.0 GHz. The proposed dual-loop SARDCC is fabricated in a 0.18-${\mu}m$, 1.8-V CMOS process and occupies an active area of $0.075mm^2$.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.129-139
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• 1994

This study is primarily concerned with the apartment house manager's duty of korea and England. The results are as follows ; 1. In England, detailed duty is prescribed to apartment house managers, where as Korea has not specific prescription. Therefore, we suggest 7 items as the management duty of apartment house manager. Namely, that is inhabitant management, external duty management, business management, account management, estate and public institution management, environment management and safety management. 2. In England, apartment house manager is executing their duty before moving into. But in Korea, their management duty is executed after moving into. There are problems which each of them(inhabitant-user-manager) has plural responsibility.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2010

This study referred to relevant literatures, collected professional advice, created the sphere of duty with considering the characteristics of marine products-marine transportation education and teachers' specialty, and researched the feasibility of duty sphere classified from 2nd of September in 2008 to 20th of October in 2008 by selecting 80 professional teachers at random teachers who were working in 4 schools that had local 1. As the result of this study, it is proper to classify the sphere of marine products-marine transportation professional teachers into teaching-learning sphere, actual training guidance sphere, life guidance sphere, class management sphere, administrative performance sphere, specialty extension sphere, academic-industrial cooperation and community connection sphere. 2. For the contents of each sphere of marine products-marine transportation teachers' duty, it is proper to systematize teaching-learning field with 32 contents of duty, actual training guidance field with 21 contents of duty, life guidance sphere with 18 contents of duty, class management sphere with 12 contents of duty, administrative performance sphere with 18 contents of duty, specialty extension sphere with 15 contents of duty, academic-industrial cooperation and community connection sphere with 9 contents of duty respectively.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제71권
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• pp.171-194
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• 2016

In the UK, the legal principle for the duty of disclosure established in Carter v Boehm case was codified in the Marine Insurance Act 1906("MIA"). The duty of disclosure under the MIA is the pre-contractual duty by the insured and therefore, the insured should disclose the every material circumstance that would influence a prudent insurer's judgement. If the insured violates the duty of disclosure, the insurer is entitled to avoid the insurance contract, regardless of whether there was the deliberate or reckless breach, which is unfavorable to the insured. The Law Commission reviewed the duty of disclosure under the MIA in detail and provided the Insurance Act 2015 for the purpose of enhancing the interests of the insured. The Insurance Act 2015("Act"),while the basic legal structure of the duty of disclosure under the MIA still remains, amends it in respect of non-consumer insurance and furthermore, integrate the duty of disclosure and the duty not to misrepresent into the duty of fair presentation of risk. And according to the Act, the insurer is required to more actively communicate with the insured before entering the contract with the result that, if the insured fails to disclose the material circumstance but provides the sufficient information to put the insurer on notice, the insurer should further inquire for the purpose of the insured's revealing the material circumstance. In addition, the Act details the insured's constructive knowledge of material circumstance by reviewing the current case law and introduces a new system for the insurer's proportionate remedy against the insured's breach of the duty of fair presentation of risk.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare salivary cortisol levels, self-reported occupational stress, and anxiety before duty to those after duty in the shift and regular work nurses, and the relationships among them. Methods: Thirty nurses working in a tertiary hospital participated in the study. Salivary specimens were collected before and after daytime duty for 2 days. The occupational stress and state anxiety were also evaluated using self-report questionnaires. Results: The average level of salivary cortisol was $0.40{\mu}g/dL$ before duty and $0.20{\mu}g/dL$ after duty in Korean nurses. Overall levels of salivary cortisol, self-reported occupational stress, and anxiety were higher in shift working nurses than regular working nurses. In shift working nurses, the salivary cortisol gap between before and after duty was attenuated on the first day of daytime duty. Significant positive correlation was found between the level of cortisol before duty and anxiety after duty. Conclusion: Strategies to alleviate occupational stress and anxiety are needed for shift working nurses, especially for those with elevated levels of cortisol. It seems to require 3days to recover from attenuated cortisol rhythm during nighttime duty in shift working nurses.