• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.1266-1275
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• 2015

This review paper introduces recent results on interference management for full-duplex cellular systems. Interference management techniques for uplink-downlink cellular networks are frist introduced, which are closely related to those for full-duplex cellular systems. Self-interference suppression method for full-duplex radios and the corresponding modeling of full-duplex cellular systems are then explained. Even if self-interference is perfectly suppressed, there exists a new source of interference between full-duplex users for full-duplex cellular systems. Therefore, management of such user-to-user interference is of crucially importance to improve the capacity of full-duplex cellular systems. Recently, new interference management techniques for achieving the optimal sum degrees of freedom of full-duplex cellular systems have been proposed. In this review paper, these optimal interference management techniques are mainly introduced.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.451-458
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• 2015

The deployment density of AP increases as well as the density WLAN stations due to increase of WLAN use and the real performance of WLAN is degraded. To improve the performance, there are many PHY/MAC technologies and OFDMA and full duplex are promising technologies among them. In conventional OFDMA WLAN MAC relate works, there are some limitations in terms of channel utilization and collision probability. Thus, it need to research for effective channel allocation protocol. Full duplex can transmit data on the same time and same frequency resource so it can allocate channel more flexible than half duplex. In this paper, we prose the OFDMA FD-MAC(Full Duplex MAC) protocol that it allocates the sub-channels based on the idle channel information for full duplex pair. In addition, it shows the throughput improvement by performance analysis.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.65-72
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• 2015

본고에서는 기지국이 Full duplex를 지원하는 셀룰러 망의 자유도(Degrees of freedom) 에 관한 최근 연구 결과를 소개한다. 구체적으로 단말이 Half duplex로 동작하는 환경과 단말이 Full duplex로 동작하는 환경 각각의 경우에 대해 얻을 수 있는 최적의 자유도에 대해 살펴본다. 최근에 각각의 환경에 대해 최적의 자유도가 완벽히 규명되었다. 기지국이 Full duplex 동작을 지원할 경우, 단말의 수가 기지국의 안테나 수에 비해 충분히 많다면, 기지국이 Half duplex 로 동작하는 기존의 셀룰러 네트워크에 비해 최대 두 배 자유도 향상을 달성할 수 있다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.82-91
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• 2021

Carotid duplex ultrasound is commonly used to diagnose various carotid artery diseases due to it being noninvasive and easy to perform. Carotid atherosclerosis is a major indicator for the need to perform carotid duplex ultrasound, which can determine the degree of stenosis, plaque characteristics, and intima-media thickness. It can also be used to screen and follow-up after carotid revascularization. Here we discuss the standard techniques, interpretations, and clinical indicators for carotid duplex ultrasounds.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2010

Interest in plant-derived food additives has increased recently, with efforts to identify natural antioxidant sources to replace synthetic antioxidants. This study evaluated the antioxidant effects of organic solvent fractions of 80% methanol extracts from Pediastrum duplex and Dactylococcopsis fascicularis microalgae. Among the solvent fractions tested, the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions from P duplex effectively scavenged 79.8% and 74.5% of DPPH free radicals, respectively. The chloroform fraction from D. fascicularis showed the strongest $H_2O_2$ scavenging ability (49.7%). The greatest scavenging of hydroxyl radicals (73.1%) was exhibited by the 80% methanol extract from P duplex. Aqueous residue and ethyl acetate fraction from P duplex provided the strongest nitric oxide scavenging (57.7%) and metal chelating effect (82.1%), respectively. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions from P duplex and n-hexane fraction from D. fascicularis exhibited significantly greater inhibition of lipid peroxidation than the commercial antioxidants. These results suggested that P duplex and D. fascicularis microalgae having potential anti oxidative compounds with various properties could be utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.103-105
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• 2003

Currently, duplex and superduplex stainless steels are widely used for piping system in offshore unit because of its excellent combination of strength and corrosion resistance properties. Also, the usage of duplex and superduplex stainless steel is steadily increasing with getting into step with development of offshore industries. In spite of excellent merits in mechanical and chemical properties of base materials, sometimes stringent requirements in welding procedure qualification and fabrication of duplex class material have regulated not only the application of various high-efficiency welding processes but also applicable welding parameters. This study is focused on hardness requirement which is known as one of the most stringent factor in duplex class material welding and this study aims to evaluate the effects of cutting and welding methodology on hardness values of duplex and superduplex stainless steel weldments.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.633-636
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• 2011

In this letter, we propose an overlaid hybrid division duplex (HDD) concept for cellular systems which divides a cell into inner and outer regions and utilizes the merits of both time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD). The proposed system can take advantage of both TDD and FDD without handover between two duplex schemes. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed HDD system outperforms the conventional TDD or FDD system with mobile relay stations when the synchronization issue is considered in orthogonal frequency division multiple access systems. Thus, the proposed overlaid HDD can be considered as a new framework for future cellular systems.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2013

A duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed to detect unapproved genetically modified (GM) potato (EH92-527-1) in Korea. The UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) gene was selected as an endogenous reference gene for potato and used to validate the specificity for 14 different crops. The primer pair EH92-F/R was designed to amplify the junction sequence between the genome and transgenic region introduced in GM potato. Its specificity was also validated using several different GM events. The detection limit of the duplex PCR method is approximately 0.05%. This duplex PCR method could be useful for monitoring cultivation of unauthorized GM potato in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2002

The 22%Cr-5%Ni-3%Mo duplex and 18%Cr-8%Ni austenitic stainless steels have been nitrogen permeated under the $1Kg/cm^2$ nitrogen gas atmosphere at the temperature range of $1050^{\circ}C{\sim}1150^{\circ}C$. The nitrogen-permeated duplex and austenitic stainless steels showed the gradual decrease in hardness with increasing depth below surface. The duplex stainless steel showed nitrogen pearlite at the outmost surface and austenite single phase in the center after nitrogen permeation treatment, while the obvious microstructural change was not observed for the nitrogen-permeated austenitic stainless steel. After solution annealing the nitrogen-permeated stainless steels(NPSA treatment) at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours, the hardness of the duplex and austenitic stainless steels was constant through the 2 mm thickness of the specimen, and the ${\alpha}+{\gamma}$ phase of duplex stainless steel changed to austenite single phase. Tensile strengths and elongations of the NPSA-treated duplex stainless steel remarkably increased compared to those of solution annealed (SA) duplex stainless steel due to the solution strengthening effect of nitrogen and the phase change from a mixture of ferrite and austenite to austenite single phase, while the NP-treated austenitic stainless steel displayed the lowest value in elongation due to inhomogeneous deformation by the hardness difference between surface and interior.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.290-296
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• 2020

In this paper, we analyze the effect of mobility on the performance of full-duplex radio. For this, we implement a full-duplex radio prototype using a software-defined radio that is powered by a battery and can thus function in mobile environments. In addition, we compare the performance of self-interference cancellation schemes for two cases considering multi-antenna based full duplex radio and circulator based full duplex radio, respectively. Finally, we show a negative effect of mobility on the self-interference cancellation performance of the full-duplex radio system, and analyze the effect of the update period of the self-interference cancellation filter on the performance. In particular, when the update period is reduced by about 1000 times, the power of self-interference is reduced by 5.7dB for circulator-based full-duplex radio and 3.1dB for both antenna-based full-duplex radio.