• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.148-159
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• 2001

This paper presents a selective duality control system to control relative picture quality among the video programs in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) . The selective quality control system allows variable bit rate (VBR) for each video program to maintain the pre-determitted relative picture Quality among aggregated video programs while keeping a constant bit rate for alt programs to be transmitted over a single constant bit rate (CBR) channel. Thus is achieved by simultaneous controlling the video encoders to generate VBR video streams at the central controller. furthermore, we also suggest a buffer regulation method based on the analysis of the constraints Imposed by sender/receiver buffer sizes and the total transmission rate. Through various simulation results, it is found that the proposed quality control system guarantees that the video buffers neither overflow nor underflow and the quality control errors do not exceed 0.1 dB.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.87-99
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• 2020

The study aims to investigate factors that determine dividend payout policy using 336 non-financial firm year observations covering the period 2005 to 2016 in Malaysia. We found a significant positive relationship between corporate board size, board members average age, board tenure and dividend payout policy. We also found a strong negative effect and statistically insignificant relationship of board diversity, board independence, CEO duality and dividend payout policy. Additional, financial leverage has a negative effect on dividend payout policy. It is also noticed that firms with diverse boards are more likely to pay dividends and tend to pay larger dividends than those with non-diverse boards. Our results suggest that board diversity has a significant impact on dividend payout policy. Impact of board diversity on dividend payout policy is particularly conspicuous for firms with potentially greater agency problems. Our findings are consistent with the argument that corporate board traits enhancement positively affect the dividend payout policy which is beneficial for shareholders. This study offers useful insights into the current global debate on board traits and its implications for firms. The dividend payout policy signals good news to investors. Corporate board traits and firm's financial decision are the factors that disrupt the dividend decision.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.893-901
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• 2007

Since real-time multimedia applications requiring duality-of-service guarantees are spreading over mobile and wireless networks, energy efficiency in wireless channels is becoming more important. Energy consumption in the channels can be reduced with decreasing the rate of scheduler's outgoing link by means of Dynamic Modulation Scaling (DMS). This paper proposes a fair queuing algorithm, termed Rate Efficient Fair Queuing (REFQ), in order to reduce the outgoing link's rate, which is based on the Latency-Optimized Fair Queuing algorithm developed to enhance Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ). The performance evaluation result shows that REFQ does decrease the link rate by up to 35% in comparison with that in WFQ, which results in reducing the energy consumption by up to 90% when applied to the DMS based radio modem.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.6 s.59
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• pp.871-882
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationships among shopping orientation, information source, service duality, and impulse buying behavior of the elderly women, which nay provide insights related to silver fashion market in Korea. Data were obtained from 50's and 60's women living in Busan(N=285), and analyzed Using by factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and t-test. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Comported to unimpulse buying group, impulse buying group was more likely to be influenced by hedonics shopping orientation, economic shopping orientation, personal shopping orientation, and convenient shopping orientation. 2. for information source, impulse buying group seemed more to use various information sources than unimpulse buying group, such as advertising of newspaper, magazin or TV, experience, salespersons' opinions. 3. For perceived service quality, impulse buying group was more likely to be effected by events of store, product advertisement, and opening/closing time of store. But demographic characteristics doesn't significant differences between impulse-group and unimpulse-buying group of elderly women. This study suggests some implications and strategies for silver fashion market.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.92-98
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• 2003

ISO 9000 is an efficient quality system for the customer's confidence and satisfaction. Of late years, the revised edition of ISO 9000 duality management system may give lots of positive business values to companies running ISO 9000 system Despite its tremendous popularity, there is some critisism against the effect and performance or ISO 9000 certification. This research explores the performances and effects of ISO 9000 quality system in small & medium size industrial companies. For this research, 202 companies certified by ISO 9000 standard and 67 companies not certified as contrast group were selected. The related data were collected by web-Poll survey. The major analyses are focused on the effect and performance or the ISO 9000 certification. and we established various hypotheses to verify the effect and performance or quality system. Results or statistical analyses show that total performance or qualify system is significantly different between certified companies and not certified.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.299-302
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• 2002

Characteristics of the twin fluid spray with ultrasonic forcing are examined in order to obtain the high efficiency of cold fog spray of the automatic pest control machine which has been widely used for the equipment cultivation recently. An electrostrictive vibrator of PZT BLT and a magnetostrictive vibrator of ${\pi}type$ with 28 kHz are applied as the ultrasonic transducer. All experiments are made and observed in 4 methods of spray ; a conventional spray method without ultrasonic forcing, an indirect vibration method with ultrasonic forcing, an improving duality method by ultrasonic forced within liquid, and a combined use method with both of the indirect vibration method and the improving quality method. In results, It was clarified that the ultrasonic effects the atomization of spray droplets and its efficiency is about $10{\%}$ and especially much more in the case of the combined use method.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify attributes of the concept of cancer survivorship. Methods: Walker & Avant's concept analysis framework (2005) was used to review the medical & nursing text books, medical and nursing research articles related to cancer survivorship and published from 1985 to 2011. Results: There were nine aspects of the concept of cancer survivorship: A process, liminality, uncertainty, life-changing experience, complexity, unique experience, duality of positive and negative aspects, partnership, and need for support. Antecedents of cancer survivorship were cancer diagnosis and perception as a cancer survivor. Empirical referents of cancer survivorship were survival rate, quality of life, adaptation to the survivorship experience, and health-related hardiness, social support, spirituality, and health behavior. The consequences of cancer survivorship were effects on the physical, psychosocial, spiritual and socio-economic well-being of the patients. Conclusion: This concept analysis of cancer survivorship is expected to contribute to promotion of survivorship care in the clinical field by removing conceptual ambiguity and confirming the true meaning of survivorship care.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.2120-2133
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• 2013

In this paper, we address the problem of linear minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) transmitter design for the cognitive radio (CR) multi-user multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) broadcasting channel (BC), where the cognitive users are subject to not only a sum power constraint, but also a interference power constraint. Evidently, this multi-constraint problem renders it difficult to solve. To overcome this difficulty, we firstly transform it into its equivalent formulation with a single constraint. Then by utilizing BC-MAC duality, the problem of BC transmitter design can be solved by focusing on a dual MAC problem, which is easier to deal with due to its convexity property. Finally we propose an efficient two-level iterative algorithm to search the optimal solution. Our simulation results are provided to corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and show that this proposed CR MMSE-based scheme achieves a suboptimal sum-rate performance compared to the optimal DPC-based algorithm with less computational complexity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.29-32
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• 2005

Recently, for the problem solution of demand and supply imbalance of fine aggregate due to the shortage of natural fine aggregate and the environment regulation on sea sand extraction in the construction field, the studies for the application of recycled fine aggregate using waste concrete are being progressed versatilely. The purpose of this study is to investigate quality of recycled fine aggregate manufactured by drying manufacturing system which is the manufacture method of high duality recycled fine aggregate, and to analyze on thehardened and durability properties of recycled concrete using it. Therefore it is to present the fundamental data for application and utilization of recycled concrete. The results of this study are as follows; Quality of recycled fine aggregate by drying manufacturing system is improved, and compressive strength, carbonation depth and chloride ion penetration depth of recycled concrete using high quality recycled fine aggregate are similar to those of normal concrete using natural and crashed sand. But, resistance to $H_{2}SO_{4}$ show decreased somewhat.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

Background: In times of continuous change and volatile markets, organizations are increasingly characterized by downsizing, work intensification, and resource rationalization. This has resulted in diversification, and the emergence of newrisks within the field of occupational health and safety, with an important impact. This paper focuses on one such type of risk in the modern workplace-psychosocial risks. The current study aimed to explore stakeholder perspectives, regarding the extent to which psychosocial risks are incorporated into strategic risk management practices, at both the business and policy level. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 professionals, representing employer, expert, policy maker, and trade union stakeholder perspectives. Results: It was found that the majority of organizations do not sufficiently, if at all, understand and incorporate psychosocial risks into strategic decision making, whereby the key barrier related to practical difficulties of not knowing how to manage psychosocial risks adequately. Conclusion: The study found that there is a need to close the gap between policy and practice on a number of levels. Future recommendations comprise a policy framework and infrastructure underpinned by educational initiatives, partnerships, and networks to drive a shift in attitudes toward recognizing the duality of the concept of risk (including both potential negative and positive outcomes) and moving beyond simple regulatory compliance.