• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.699-722
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• 2019

It is difficult to observe the potential risks of lifting or turn-over operations in the early stages before a real operation. Therefore, many dynamic simulations have been designed to predict the risks and to reduce the possibility of accidents. These simulations, however, have usually been performed for predetermined and fixed scenarios, so they do not reflect the real-time control of an operator that is one of the most important influential factors in an operation; additionally, lifting or turn-over operations should be a collaboration involving more than two operators. Therefore, this study presents an integrated method for a collaborative simulation that allows multiple workers to operate together in the virtual world. The proposed method is composed of four components. The first component is a dynamic analysis that is based on multibody-system dynamics. The second component is VR (virtual reality) for the generation of realistic views for the operators. The third component comprises the control devices and the scenario generator to handle the crane in the virtual environment. Lastly, the fourth component is the HLA (high-level architecture)-based integrated simulation interface for the convenient and efficient exchange of the data through the middleware. To show the applicability of the proposed method, it has been applied to a block turn-over simulation for which one floating crane and two crawler cranes were used, and an offshore module installation for which a DCR (dual-crane rig) was used. In conclusion, the execution of the proposed method of this study is successful regarding the above two applications for which multiple workers were involved.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.116-124
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• 2001

Nitric oxide is a labile, gaseous, broad spectrum second messenger that used in various tissues and cells. If it is induced by endogenously and exogenously in the neuronal cells, it is able to mediate analgesia or hyperalgesia at the periphery and in the spinal level respectively. This dual role of nitric oxide in the sensory system is very intriguing but has not been fully understood yet. In this experiment, acetylcholine (300 $\mu$g/paw), sodium nitroprusside (600 $\mu$g/paw), and L-arginine (300 $\mu$g/paw) represented antinociceptive effect to noxious topical stimulus, but pronociceptive responses followed by spinally application (20$\mu$g/5$\mu$l, 10$\mu$g/3$\mu$l, 500$\mu$g/5$\mu$l respectively). Calcium ion is critical element which activates nitric oxide synthase, therefore verapamil (300 $\mu$g/paw) and NOS inhibitor (20 mg/kg, L-NAME or L-NOArg) are injected into right hind paw (i.pl.). When verapamil is combined with NOS inhibitors analgesic effects through NO-cGMP pathway are inhibited as compared with ACh alone. Diluted formalin (2.5%), when injected into rats'hind paw (0.05 ml), elicited a biphasic algesic responses and nitric oxide had an analgesic effect on both $A\delta$ and C sensory nerve fibers which manipulate the phases respective1y. Nitric oxides, which produced from constitutive nitric oxide synthase, activated cyclooxygenase-type I and then prostaglandins are produced from them. So, indomethacin and ibuprofen, inhibitors of COX$_1$enzyme, when pretreated intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg) could reduce the hyperalgesic state. From these results, it is possible to imagine that the intrathecally administered NO donors expressed hyperalgesia through both long-term potentiation mechanism and arachidonic acid-prostaglandin cascade.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2011

Injectable chitosan hydrogels have attracted great potential due to sustained-release property and safety. Here, palmityl-acylated glycol chitosan (Pal-GC) was used to generate physically cross-linked hydrogels by virtue of hydrophobic attraction of linear fatty carbons. Glycol chitosan was chemically modified with N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated palmitic acid in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) containing dimethylaminopyridine. Through a series of preparation steps of (i) dialysis with DMSO, (ii) addition of palmityl-acylated exendin-4 (Ex4-C16), and (iii) dialysis with water, Pal-GC was self-assembled to form physically cross-linked hydrogels entrapped with Ex4-C16. The Pal-GC derivative was analyzed by using 1H NMR, and the surface morphology of Pal-GC hydrogels formed was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Also, the hypoglycemic effect induced by Pal-GC hydrogels containing Ex4-C16 (250 nmol/kg) was evaluated in non-fasted type 2 diabetic db/db mice and compared with GC hydrogels containing native Ex4 at the same dose. Results showed that palmityl group was successfully conjugated with the amines of glycol chitosan, and that Pal-GC efficiently generated the hydrogels formation. Moreover, Pal-GC hydrogels containing Ex4-C16 was found to greatly prolong the hypoglycemia duration (~ 4 days). This was due to the dual-functions of the palmityl groups present in both GC and exendin-4 such as hydrophobic attraction and plasma albumin-binding. We consider this new type of self-assembled GC hydrogels loaded with Ex4-C16 would be a promising long-acting sustained-release system with anti-diabetic property.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.05
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• pp.19-22
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• 1995

A biomechanical study was made to demonstrate the superior mechanical performance of the newly designed Miniplate staple to the conventional Coventry staple in high tibial osteotomy(HTO). Using twenty fresh porcine tibiae, the fixational strengh of the two different types of staple in HTO was compared. To minimize the error due to the specimen-to-specimen individuality, the bone mineral density of the tibiae was measured with a bone densitometry (Dual photon absorptionometer, Luner, USA) and those with $0.8\;{\sim}\;1.2\;gm/cm^2$ at the proximal tibia was used in the biomechanical test. Testing was performed on a material testing system (Autogram ET-5, Shimatzu, Japan) with aid of a commercial data processor (IBM 80386/ ASYST). Using two differant loading modes, 'pull-out' and 'push-out', the maximum resistant force required to release the staple from the substrate bone was recorded. In the pull-out test, ten non-osteotomized specimens were used and the staple was pullout by subjecting an axial tension on the head of the staple inserted. While in the pull-out test where ten tibiae osteotomized in the usual way of HTO were used, the staple was not directly loaded. In this testing, as a mimic condition of the natural knee, the distal part of the specimen tibia was pushed horizontally in order for the staple to be pulled out while the proximal tibia was fixed. The pull-out strength of Coventry staple and miniplate staple were found to be $27.88\;{\pm}\;5.12\;kgf$ and $182.47\;{\pm}\;32.75\;kgf$, respectively. The push-out strength of Coventry staple and miniplate staple were $18.40\;{\pm}\;4.47\;kgf$ and $119.95\;{\pm}\;19.06\;kgf$, respectively. The result revealed that miniplate staple had the pull-out/ push-out strength at least fivetimes higher than Coventry staple. Based on the measured data, it was believed that the newly designed miniplate staple could provide much better postoperative fixation in HTO. The postoerative application of long leg casting may not be needed after HTO surgery.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.28.4-29
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• 2009

The 'Amon-Ra' instrument of the proposed 'EARTHSHINE' satellite is a dual (i.e. imaging and energy) channel instrument for monitoring the total solar irradiance (TSI) and the Earth's irradiance at around the L1 halo orbit. Earlier studies for this instrument include, but not limited to, design and construction of breadboard Amon-Ra imaging channel, stray light suppression and system performance computation using Integrated Ray Tracing (IRT) technique. The Amon-Ra instrument is required to produce 0.3% in uncertainty for both Sunlight and Earthlight measurement. In this study, we report accurate estimation of the output electric signal derived from the orbital variation of radiant exitance from the Sun and the Earth arriving at the aperture and detector plane of the Amon-Ra. For this, orbital irradiance are computed analytically first and then confirmed by simulation using Integrated Ray Tracing (IRT) model. Specially, the results show the arriving power at the bolometer detector surface is $1.24{\mu}W$ for the Sunlight and $1.28{\mu}W$ for the Earthlight, producing the output signal pulses of 34.31 mV and 35.47 mV respectively. These results demonstrate successfully that the arriving radiative power is well within the bolometer detector dynamic range and, therefore, the proposed detector can be used for the in-orbit measurement sequence. We discuss the computational details and implications as well as the simulation results.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2006

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate association between lumbar spinal stenosis, one of degenerative diseases, and bone mineral density. Methods : We monitored 9 lumbar spinal stenosis patients in women above 50 years, visiting outpatient clinic of the Jaseng Oriental Medicine Hospital between January 5 2006 and March 31, 2006. They were diagnosed by radiologist ist after taking Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). The cases were Investigated the bone mineral density using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiomerty(DEXA). and then Picture Archiving Communication System(PACS) were used to assess correlation between lumbar spinal stenosis and bone mineral density. Results : 1. In comparison of the spinal canal area and lumbar spine 2 level bone mineral density, the data showed a significant result 2. The data, between spinal canal area and lumbar spine 1-2 level bone mineral density, indicated a significant result. 3. Also, the result of comparison between spinal canal area and the lowest value of bone mineral density showed significance. Conclusions : It showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between lumbar spinal stenosis and bone mineral density.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.285-299
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• 2005

The economic reform in China since 1978 has been increasingly sped up and deepened. The recent development of private enterprises, especially, has significant economic and political implications, whereas its regional differentiation has considerable impacts on both the development potential of certain regions and overall regional growth pattern. This study aims to understand the regional pattern of private enterprise growth as well as the institutional change which has structured the growth process. The development of private enterprises turned out to be closely tied to the marketization strategy of dual-track system and policy needs to reduce the unemployment level in both urban and 겨ral China. The regional pattern of the private enterprise growth can be characterized as ever-increasing spatial differentiation. Based on the basic statistical analysis results, it is argued that the private enterprise growth is closed related with the marketization level of the regional economy. Therefore, the strategy of developing private sector will be more important in shaping the regional development path as well as potential.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.127-140
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• 2002

The goal of the study is to find the necessary measures to facilitate a desirable Technology and Home Economics curriculum by reflecting the perception and needs of the teachers, principals, educational specialists from the perspective of the curriculum content, professionalism of the teacher, realistic operations of the school, and the administration of the school system. The research was executed through mail surveys to nationwide junior high school technology teachers, home education leachers, principals and to educational specialists. The results obtained from the research are as follows. 1) The integration of Technology and Home Economics was perceived to lessen the burden of students. However the background knowledge and characteristics of the two curriculums are different, and in addition there is a negative perception due to the fact that it is hard to facilitate a class with just one teacher, 2) The issues that were most serious to teachers, principals and education specialists were professionalism of the teacher, qualification of the teachers, and teaching method. 3) In regards to qualifications of the teacher, the teachers requested that teachers should have single qualification in'Technology(or Home Economics)'. The principals were of the similar opinion but the educational professionals wanted dual qualification for both'Technology'and'Home Economics'. As for teaching methodology all 3 groups responded that from the teacher and student perspective the teaching should be divided whereas from the school's perspective the responsibility should be put on a single teacher. 4) Teachers responded that from the perspective of the teacher, parent or student Technology and Home Economics should be separated into taro subjects. On the other hand the principals and educational specialists agreed that from their own perspective Technology and Home Economics should remain an integrated subject and the teaching should be done by one teacher but replied that from the student or parent perspective division of responsibility in teaching would be appropriate.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1005-1014
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• 2010

When reader collect tags, we found that they tend to get together to specific interface in Multi-Interface Multi-Channel 2.4GHz Active RFID system. To solve this problem, we designed the LP-Combind and AP-Balanced protocol for load distribution between interfaces, then verified its superiority of the performance through the simulation. There are three problems to implement designed protocols in hardware of firmware-level. first, tag selects randomly the channel of reader and reader need the method which can change the channel of tags. second, reader has the synchronization problem between reader and tag. third, reader has problem that MCU of reader have to operate simultaneously dual interface. To slove this problems, we designed the message and implemented method for tag channel change and the protocol in order to adjust synchronization between reader and tag, Therefore, we compared and analyzed the performance of protocols by experiment. If LP windows size is same, the performance of LP-Combined protocol and AP-Balanced protocol which lower collision probability by its load distribution is more outstanding than single interface protocol performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.896-897
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• 2013

In recent years, logistics tracking Device using GSM & WCDMA to improve logistics efficiency are being extensively researched. The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance development antenna usable cargo container security transport. Antenna developed by study were optimized to match logistics environment apply to GSM & WCDMA dual frequency for monitering system. The measure of antenna have confirmation VSWR is 3:1 measured in return loss -10dB. Reliability of this antenna has been verified about GSM & WCDMA through test-operation between the south korea and Russia.